Patterns in (in)directness: An exploratory case study in the external history of Portuguese translations of Polish literature (1855–2010)
HannaPięta
University of Lisbon Centre for English Studies
Abstract
The goal of this descriptive, exploratory paper is to identify and analyse patterns in a case study of direct and indirect literary transfer from Poland to Portugal between 1855 and 2010. By doing so, the paper intends to contribute to a deeper understanding of indirect translation. Firstly, relevant information concerning the corpus is presented. Secondly, the methodological issues are elucidated. Thirdly, the results of the study are discussed in detail. More specifically, the correlations between the dependent variables (directness and indirectness) and the independent variables (author profile, translator profile, publisher profile and target text literary genre) are examined. In addition, the correlation between the occurrence of the label ‘(in)direct’ is tested against the independent time variable. Finally, the preliminary conclusions and future research avenues are presented.
The widespread use of indirect translation in literary exchange between (semi) peripheral languages is common knowledge for translation studies scholars. However, although it is a frequent and longstanding practice, indirect translation “remains one of the most understudied phenomena in translation studies today” (St. André 2008, 232).
References
[ p. 333 ]
Boulogne, Pieter
2008 “The early Dutch construction of F. M. Dostoevskij: From translational data to polysystemic working hypotheses”. Pieter Boulogne, ed. Translation and its others: Selected papers of the CETRA research seminar in translation studies 2007. Accessed April 22, 2011. http://www.kuleuven.be/cetra/papers/papers.html.
Boulogne, Pieter
2009 “The French Influence in the Early Dutch Reception of F.M. Dostoevsky’s Brat’ ja Karamazovy: A Case Study“. Babel 55 (3): 264–284.
Bourdieu, Pierre
1999 “Une révolution conservatrice dans l’édition [A conservative revolution in publishing].” Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales 126/127: 3–28.
Casanova, Pascale
2002 “Consécration et accumulation de capital littéraire. La traduction comme échange inégal [Consecration and accumulation of literary capital: Translation as unequal exchange]”. Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales 144: 7–20.
Casanova, Pascale
2004The World Republic of Letters. Trans. M.B. Debevoise. Cambridge, Ma.—London: Harvard University Press.
Christensen, Bente
2009 “Blikkfløten: Caro Olden et la traduction norvégienne de Bonheur d’occasion [Blikkfløyten: Caro Olden and the Norwegian translation of Bonheur d’occasion].” In L’echo de nos classiques: Bonheur d’occasion et Two Solitudes en traduction [The echo of our classics: Bonheur d’occasion and Two Solitudes in translation], ed. by Agnés Whitfield, 123–134. Paris: Editions David.
Cieszyńska, Beata, and Hanna Pięta
2011 “Translation Studies from within the Iberian-Slavonic Perspective: Overview and Outlooks.” Ibero-Slavica 1: 12–21.
Cieszyńska, Beata, and José Franco
2008 “Mitos da construção da identidade nacional e emocional: uma perspectiva comparativa luso-polaca [Myths in the construction of national and emotional identity: a Luso-Polish comparative perspective].” In Diálogos com a lusofonia [Dialogues with the Lusophony], ed. by Anna Kalewska, 56–88. Warsaw: Instytut Studiów Iberyjskich i Iberoamerykańskich.
Delabastita, Dirk
2008 “Status, Origin, Features: Translation and Beyond.” In Beyond Descriptive Translation Studies, ed. by Anthony Pym, Miriam Shlesinger, and Daniel Simeoni, 233–246. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Dinis, Dora
2005 “A recepção da ficção científica em Portugal [The reception of scientific fiction in Portugal].” Unpublished MA thesis, Évora University.
2000 “The Politics of Non-Translation: A Case Study in Anglo-Portuguese Relations.” TTR—Traduction, Terminologie, Rédaction. Études sur le texte et ses transformations 13 (1): 95–112.
Faria, Maria Isabel, and Maria da Graça Pericão
2008Dicionário do Livro: da Escrita ao livro electrónico [Dictionary of the Book: From Writing to Electronic Book]. Coimbra: Almedina.
Flor, João de Almeida
1999 “Apresentação do 5º volume [Presentation of the 5th volume].” In A tradução em Portugal [Translation in Portugal], ed. by António Augusto Gonçalves, Rodrigues, 7–10. Lisbon: ISLA.
Franco, Eduardo
2010 “Introdução [Introduction].” In Europa de Leste e Portugal. Realidades, Relações e Representações [Eastern Europe and Portugal: Realities, Relationships and Representations], ed. by Eduardo Franco, Teresa Pinheiro, and Beata Cieszyńska, 11–16. Lisbon: Esfera do Caos.[ p. 334 ]
Frank, Armin Paul
1990 “Forty Years of Studying the American-German Translation Transfer: A Retrospect and some Perspectives.” American Studies 35 (1): 7–20.
Frank, Armin Paul
2004 “Translation Research from a Literary and Cultural Perspective: Objectives, Concepts and Scope.” In Übersetzung. Translation. Traduction. Ein internationales Handbuch zur Übersetzungforschung. An international encyclopedia of translation studies. Encyclopédie internationale de la recherche sur la traduction, ed. by Harald Kittel, 790–851. Berlin—New York: Walter de Gruyter.
Gambier, Yves
1994 “La retraduction, retour et détour [Retranslation, return and detour].” Meta 39 (3): 413–417.
1985Wanda Wasilewska. Koszalin: Wojewódzka i Miejska Biblioteka Publiczna.
Genette, Gérard
1991 “Introduction to the Paratext.” New Literary History 22 (2): 261–272.
Gile, Daniel
1998 “Observational Studies and Experimental Studies in the Investigation of Conference Interpreting.” Target 10 (1): 69–89.
Griffin, Roger
1991The Nature of Fascism. London: Pinter.
Heilbron, Johan
1999 “Towards a Sociology of Translation: Book Translations as a Cultural World-System.” European Journal of Social Theory 2 (4): 429–444.
Hyun, Theresa
2009 “Translating Indian Poetry in the Colonial Period in Korea.” In Decentering Translation Studies: India and Beyond, ed. by Judy Wakabayashi, and Rita Kothari, 145–160. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Jacquemond, Richard 1992 “Translation and Cultural Hegemony: The Case of French-Arabic Translation.” In Rethinking Translation: Discourse, Subjectivity, Ideology, ed. by Lawrence Venuti, 139–158. London-New York: Routledge.
Jiménez Carra, Nieves
2008 “La traducción indirecta de Los últimos dias de Pompeya de Isaac Núñez de Arenas (1848) [Indirect translation of The last days of Pompeii, by Isaac Núñez de Arenas (1848)].” In Diez estúdios sobre la traducción en la España de siglo XIX [Ten Studies of Translation in 19th-Century Spain], ed. by Juan Jesús Zaro Vera, 121–138. Granada: Atrio.
Kittel, Harald
1991 “Vicissitudes of Mediation: The Case of Benjamin Franklin’s Autobiography.” Kittel and Frank 1991 25–38.
Kittel, Harald, and Armin Paul Frank
(eds)1991Interculturality and the Historical Study of Literary Translations. Berlin: Erich Schmidt Verlag.
Koskinen, Kaisa, and Outi Paloposki
2010 “Retranslation.” In Handbook of Translation Studies, ed. by Yves Gambier and Luc van Doorslaer, 294–298. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Ku, Menghsuan
2010 “Tendencias del mercado taiwanés en la traducción al chino de novellas contemporáneas en español [Trends in the translation of contemporary novels from Spanish into Chinese on the Taiwanese market].” Hermeneus 12: 183–204.
Lambert, José, and Henrik van Gorp
1985 “On Describing Translations.” In The Manipulation of Literature, ed. by Theo Hermans, 42–53. New York: Saint Martin’s Press.
López Guix, Juan Gabriel
2009 “Sobre la primera traducción de Edgar Allan Poe al castellano [On the first translation of Edgar Allan Poe into Spanish].” 1611 Revista de historia de la traducción 3. Accessed May 12, 2011. http://www.traduccionliteraria.org/1611/art/lopezguix2.htm.[ p. 335 ]
Mac Síomóin Tomás, and Albert Branchadell
2008 “Traduccions del catalã a l’irlandès i de l’irlandès al catalã [Translations from Catalan into Irish and from Irish into Catalan].” Quaderns. Revista de traducció 15: 127–133.
Marin Lacarta, Maialen
2008 “La traducción indirecta de la narrativa china contemporânea al castellano: ¿síndorme o enfermedad? [Indirect translation of contemporary Chinese fiction into Spanish: syndrome or disease?].” 1611 Revista de historia de la traducción 2. Accessed May 12, 2011. http://www.traduccionliteraria.org/1611/art/marin.htm.
Marinelli, Luigi
1997 “Sulla fortuna di Sienkiewicz in Italia e in Russia [On the fortunes of Sienkiewicz in Italy and Russia].” In Polonia, Italia e culture slave [Poland, Italy and the Slavonic cultures], ed. by Luigi Marinelli, Marcello Piacentini, and Krzysztof Zaboklicki, 161–172. Warszawa—Roma: Polska Akademia Nauk and Biblioteca e Centro de Studi a Roma.
Martens, Dorothea
2009Intertextuality in translation: modelling the textual relationships in translation. Unpublished PhD diss., University College London.
Pięta, Hanna
2010a “À procura de traduções da literatura polaca em Portugal: Algumas questões sobre o uso de fontes bibliográficas na história da tradução [In search of translations of Polish literature in Portugal: Some remarks on the use of bibliographical sources in translation history].” Itinerarios 11: 121–139.
2010c “Traduções do polaco publicadas em Portugal (1855–2009): Alguns traços mais salientes [Translations from Polish published in Portugal (1855–2009): Most salient features].” Acta Philologica 37: 271–277.
Pięta, Hanna
2012 “Autores polacos em tradução portuguesa (1855–2010): um levantamento preliminar [Polish authors in Portuguese translation (1855–2010): Preliminary findings].” Cadernos de Tradução 28 (2): 97–120.
Pięta, Hanna
Forthcoming. “Translations of Polish Literature on the Portuguese Book Market: Publishing Houses and Collections.” In Translation in Anthologies and Collections (19th and 20th centuries) ed. by Teresa Seruyaet al.AmsterdamJohn Benjamins
Ringmar, Martin
2007 “Roundabouts Routes: Some Remarks on Indirect Translations.” In Selected Papers of the CETRA Research Seminar in Translation Studies 2006, ed. by Francis Mus. Accessed April 22, 2011. http://www.kuleuven.be/cetra/papers/papers.html.
forthcoming. “Relay translation.” To appear in Handbook of Translation Studies, Vol 3 edited by Yves Gambier and Luc van DoorslaerAmsterdamJohn Benjamins
Rosa, Alexandra Assis
2012 “A Long and Winding Road: Mapping Translated Literature in 20th-Century Portugal.” Anglo-Saxónica 3(3): 205–227.
Semenova-Head, Larissa
2007 “Recent Changes in the Orientation and Quality of Translations of Literary Works from Russian to Portuguese and from Portuguese to Russian.” In Iberian and Slavonic Cultures: Contact and Comparison, ed. by Beata Cieszyńska, 205–212. Lisbon: CompaRes.[ p. 336 ]
Seruya, Teresa
2009 “Introdução a uma bibliografia crítica da tradução de literatura em Portugal durante o Estado Novo [Introduction to a critical bibliography of literary translation in Portugal during the Estado Novo].” In Traduzir em Portugal durante o Estado Novo [Translating in Portugal during the Estado Novo], ed. by Teresa Seruya, Maria Lin Moniz, and Alexandra Assis Rosa, org, 69–86. Lisbon: Universidade Católica Editora.
Seruya, Teresa
2010 “Translation in Portugal during the Estado Novo Regime.” In Translation under Fascism, ed. by Christopher Rundle, and Kate Sturge, 117–144. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Shlesinger, Miriam
2010 “Relay Interpreting.” In Gambier and van Doorslaer 2010, 276–287.
Soler, Dionísio
1999A tradução de literatura espanhola em Portugal 1940–1990 [Translation of Spanish literature in Portugal 1940–1990]. Unpublished PhD diss., University of Lisbon.
Špirk, Jarosláv
2009 “Literatura checa traduzida para português [Czech literature translated into Portuguese].” Seruya, Lin Moniz and Assis Rosa 2009 344–357.
St. André, James
2008 “Relay”. In Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, 2nd ed, ed. by Mona Baker and Gabriela Saldanha, 230–232. London-New York.
St. André, James
2010 “Lessons from Chinese History: Translation as a Collaborative and Multi-stage Process.” TTR—Traduction, Terminologie, Rédaction. Études sur le texte et ses transformations 23 (1): 71–94.
Toury, Gideon
1995DescriptiveTtranslation Studies and Beyond. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Von Stackelberg, Jürgen
1987 “Eklektisches Übersetzen I. Erläutert am Beispiel einer italienischen Übersetzung von Salomon Geßners Idyllen [Eclectic translation I: Illustrated by the example of the Italian translation of Idylls, by Salomon Gessner]”. In Die literarische Übersetzung. Fallstudien zu ihrer Kulturgeschichte [Literary translation: Case studies for its cultural history], ed. by Brigitte Schultze, 53–62. Berlin: Erich Schmidt.
Wang, Yougui
2008 “From Translating through Translations to Translating from the Original: China’s Approach to Rendering Literary Works in ‘Minor’ Languages (1949–1999).” Chinese Translators Journal 1: 27–32.
Williams, Jenny, and Andrew Chesterman
2002The Map: A Beginner’s Guide to doing Research in Translation Studies. Manchester: St. Jerome Publishing.
Witt, Susanna
2011 “Between the Lines: Totalitarianism and Translation in the USSR.” In Context, ed. by, 149–170. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.