Subaltern mediators in the digital landscape: The case of video poetry
TeresaIribarren
Universitat Oberta de Catalunya
Abstract
This article explores translational literary Web 2.0 practices and user-generated cultural creations on the Internet, focusing on video poetry that re-creates canonical poets’ bodies of work. It will be argued that the use of for-profit platforms like YouTube and Vimeo by indie creators and translators of video poetry favours the emergence of new translational attitudes, practices and objects that have positive but also contentious effects. One the one hand, these online mediators explore new poetic expressions and tend to make the most of the potential for dissemination of poetic heritage, providing visibility to non-hegemonic literatures. On the other hand, however, these translational digitally-born practices and creations by voluntary and subaltern mediators might reinforce the hegemonic position of large American Internet corporations at the risk of commodifying cultural capital, consolidating English as a lingua franca and perhaps, in the long run, even fostering a potentially monocultural and internationally homogeneous aesthetics.
We are street readers. Look at us, info junk dealers, as we zip through the telephone, scan a newspaper we’ve just read, leaf through a magazine. We are the new generation of readers. Not dumber but faster. We whiz through three lives at once. Let’s be honest: reading has become a different experience.
References
Álvarez, Román, and M. Carmen-África Vidal
1996 “Translating: A Political Act.” In Translation, Power, Subversion, ed. by Román Álvarez, and M. Carmen-África Vidal, 1–9. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Aparicio, Javier
2015La imaginación en la jaula. Razones y estrategias de la creación coartada. Madrid: Cátedra.
1996The Rules of Art. Genesis and Structure of the Literary Field. Translated by Susan Emanuel. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Breznik, Maja
2012 “The Double Role of the Writer as Worker and Rentier.” Primerjalna književnost 35 (1): 141–155.
Casanova, Pascale
2007The World Republic of Letters. Translated by M.B. DeBevoise. Harvard, MA: Harvard University Press.
Castells, Manuel
2009Comunicación y poder. Madrid: Alianza Editorial.
Chesher, Chris
2005 “Blogs and the Crisis of Authorship.”
BlogTalk Downunder Conference
. University of Sidney.
Coleman, Stephen, and Deen Freelon
2015 “Introduction: Conceptualizing Digital Politics.” In Handbook of Digital Politics, ed. by Stephen Coleman, and Deen Freelon, 1–13. Chentelham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Cordón-García, José Antonio, and Carlos García-Figuerola
2012 “Introducción. Aventuras, inventos y mixtificaciones del libro electrónico.” In Libros electrónicos y contenidos digitales en la sociedad del conocimiento. Mercados, servicios y derechos, ed. by José Antonio Cordón García, Fernando Carbajo Cascón, Raquel Gómez Díaz, and Julio Alonso Arévalo, 19–47. Madrid: Pirámide.
Damrosch, David
2006 “World Literature in a Postcanonical, Hypercanonical Age.” In Comparative Literature in an Age of Globalization, ed. by Haun Saussy, 43–53. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Desjardins, Renée
2011 “Facebook Me!: Initial Insights in Favour of Using Social Networking as a Tool for Translator Training.” Linguistica Antverpiensia, New Series – Themes in Translation Studies 10: 175–193.
Emerson, Lori
2014Reading Writing Interfaces. From the Digital to the Bookbound. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
Epstein, Joseph
1988 “Who Killed Poetry?” Commentary, August 1: 13–20.
Gerritzen, Mieke, et al.
2011I Read Where I Am. Exploring New Information Cultures. Amsterdam: Valiz. Accessed December 20, 2015. www.ireadwhereiam.com/
Gough, Joanna
2011 “An Empirical Study of Professional Translators’ Attitudes, Use and Awareness of Web 2.0 Technologies, and Implications for the Adoption of Emerging Technologies and Trends.” Linguistica Antverpiensia, New Series – Themes in Translation Studies 10: 195–217.
Heilbron, Johan
1999 “Towards a Sociology of Translation. Book Translations as a Cultural World-System.” European Journal of Social Theory 2 (4): 429–444.
2015The Ecology of Culture. A Report Commissioned by the Arts and Humanities Research Council’s Cultural Value Project. Swindon: Arts and Humanities Research Council.
Kadushin, Charles
2012Understanding Social Networks: Theories, Concepts, and Findings. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2016“Redefining Poetry in the Age of the Screen.”Poetryfilm Magazine, January1: 9.
Krasilovsky, Alexis
2012 “Creating and Distributing Video Poetry.” In Women on Poetry: Writing, Revising, Publishing and Teaching, ed. by Carol Smallwood, Colleen S. Harris, and Cynthia Brackett-Vincent, 139–143. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company Publishers.
Lessig, Lawrence
2004Free Culture. How Big Media Uses Technology and the Law to Lock Down Culture and Control Creativity. New York: The Penguin Press.
Lessig, Lawrence
2008Remix. Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid Economy. London: Bloomsbury.
Marwick, Alice E
2013Status Update. Celebrity, Publicity, and Branding in the Social Media Age. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Nagy, Peter, and Bernadett Koles
2014 “The Digital Transformation of Human Identity: Towards a Conceptual Model of Virtual Identity in Virtual Worlds.” Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media 20 (3): 276–292.
Niranjana, Tejaswini
1992Siting Translation: History, Post-Structuralism, and the Colonial Context. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Nussbaum, Martha C
2010Not for Profit: Why Democracy Needs the Humanities. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
2009 “User-Generated Translation: The Future of Translation in a Web 2.0 Environment.” The Journal of Specialised Translation 12. Accessed October 25, 2016. www.jostrans.org/issue12/art_perrino.php
2016“Poetry Films: Cultural Resistance and Creative Reinvention.”Poetryfilm Magazine, January, 1: 23.
Robledo, Javier
2016 “Die archaische Faszination am Poetryfilm.” Poetryfilm Magazine, January1: 20–22.
Sapiro, Gisèle
2016 “Bourdieu’s Sociology of Culture: On the Economy of Symbolic Goods.” In The Sage Handbook of Cultural Sociology, ed. by David Inglis, and Anna-Mari Almila, 91–104. Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
2010Poetry’s Afterlife: Verse in the Digital Age. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
Tabbi, Joseph
2010 “Electronic Literature as World Literature; or, the Universality of Writing under Constraint.” Poetics Today 31 (1): 17–50.
Thompson, John B
2005Books in the Digital Age. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Thompson, John B
2010Merchants of Culture. The Publishing Business in the Twenty-First Century. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Tymoczko, Maria, and Edwin Gentzler
eds.2002Translation and Power. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press.
Tomlinson, John
2007 “Globalization and Cultural Analysis.” In Globalization Theory. Approaches and Controversies, ed. by David Held, and Anthony MacGrew, 148–168. Cambridge: Polity Press.