Chapter 11
Phonology

Assignment 1

Describe the following handshapes with the help of the handshape features introduced in Section 11.2.

a.
/home/benjamins/publishing/vault//z/z.199/figures/C11-Q1a.svg
b.
/home/benjamins/publishing/vault//z/z.199/figures/C11-Q1b.svg
c.
/home/benjamins/publishing/vault//z/z.199/figures/C11-Q1c.svg

Which handshape is the least ‘marked’ and why is this?

  1. The handshape has the following description:

    All fingers are selected

    Fingers are curved

    Fingers are not spread (i.e. joined)

    There is aperture between fingers and thumb

  2. The handshape has the following description:

    Two fingers are selected

    Thumb is selected

    Fingers are extended (open)

    Fingers are spread

  3. The handshape has the following description:

    All fingers are selected

    Thumb is selected

    Fingers are extended (open)

    Fingers are spread

    The handshape in (c) is the least marked handshape since it is frequent, easy to articulate, and also acquired early by children. Also, it requires the least complex description, although this may not be immediately evident from the above descriptions. However, selection of only two fingers in (b) is more complex than selection of all fingers (a/c), and a curved position of fingers (a) is more complex than an open position (b/c).

As an extra, it is interesting to consider the handshape used in the SASL sign city.

/home/benjamins/publishing/vault//z/z.199/figures/C11-Q1d.svg

Two fingers are selected, but different from (b) above; in fact, in some models the pinky is treated separately (i.e. by means of a separate feature)

Fingers are extended (open).

NB: specifying the position of the thumb is a bit of a challenge. It is in front of the non-selected fingers; therefore, it cannot be specified as [closed]. Some models suggest a feature [opposed] for this configuration.