Pragmatic particles

Ad Foolen
Table of contents

Pragmatic particles do not contribute to the propositional content of an utterance. This important (negative) property of pragmatic particles is not sufficient as a defining characteristic, though, because it also holds for a number of focus particles and emotional interjections. A short positive definition of pragmatic particles is, however, not easy to give, because the items involved fulfill a whole array of functions: they can modify the illocutionary force, indicate the beginning, continuation and end of a turn, they can indicate a coherence break in the ongoing discourse, or signal the background or foreground status of a stretch of discourse. In general, pragmatic particles help to structure the communication process and to embed utterances into their communicative context.

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References

[BLS = Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society; CLF = Cahiers de linguistique française. Université de Genève; CLS = Papers from the Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society; JoP = Journal of Pragmatics.]
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