The pragmatic perspective

Jef Verschueren
Table of contents

The view behind this Handbook defines pragmatics briefly as the cognitive, social, and cultural science of language and communication. This introductory chapter is intended to explain why a highly diversified field of scholarship such as pragmatics can be regarded as a potentially coherent enterprise. It presents some historical notes about pragmatics as a wide and highly interdisciplinary field of inquiry; a discussion of problems related to the delimitation of this field as well as to methodology and the status of evidence in pragmatics; a full explanation of the notion of ‘pragmatics’ underlying the Handbook of Pragmatics, i.e. one that defines pragmatics as a perspective on language rather than as a component of a linguistic theory; and a sketch of a proposal as to how such a perspective could lead to a general frame of reference within which a diversity of research results can be fruitfully compared and which may itself lead to the formulation of useful research strategies.

Full-text access is restricted to subscribers. Log in to obtain additional credentials. For subscription information see Subscription & Price.

References

Anscombre, J.-C.
1979 “Délocutivité benvenistienne, délocutivité généralisée et performativité.” Langue française 42: 69–84. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Apel, K.-O.
1989 “Linguistic meaning and intentionality.” In Semiotics and Pragmatics, ed. by G. Deledalle, 19–70. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Ariel, M.
2008 Pragmatics and grammar. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2010 Defining pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Atkinson, J.M. and J. Heritage
(eds.) 1984 Structures of social action. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Auer, P. and A. Di Luzio
(eds.) 1992 The contextualization of language. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
Austin, J.L.
1962 How to do things with words. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Authier-Revuz, J., M. Doury and S. Reboul-Touré
(eds.) 2003 Parler des mots: Le fait autonymique en discours. Paris: Presses Sorbonne Nouvelle. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bakhtin, M.M.
1981 The dialogic imagination. Austin: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Bara, B.G.
2010 Cognitive pragmatics: The mental processes of communication. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bar-Hillel, Y.
(ed.) 1971 Pragmatics of natural languages. Dordrecht: Reidel.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Bartlett, F.C.
1932 Remembering. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Barwise, J. and J. Perry
1983 Situations and attitudes. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Bates, E.
1976 Language and context. New York: Academic Press.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Bateson, G.
1972 Steps to an ecology of mind. Worcester, MA: Chandler.Google Scholar
Benveniste, E.
1966 Problèmes de linguistique générale. Paris: Gallimard.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Berger, P.L.
1992 “Sociology.” Society 30 (1): 12–18. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bernicot, J.
1992 Les actes de langage chez l'enfant. Paris: Presses University de France.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Bernicot, J., A. Trognon, M. Guidetti and M. Musiol
(eds.) 2002 Pragmatique et psychologie. Nancy: Presses Universitaires de Nancy. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
Berrendonner, A.
1981 Eléments de pragmatique linguistique. Paris: Editions de Minuit.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Bertuccelli Papi, M.
1993 Che cos’è la pragmatica. Milan: Bompiani.Google Scholar
Birnbacher, D. and A. Burkhardt
(eds.) 1985 Sprachspiel und methode. Berlin: De Gruyter.  BoP DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Blakemore, D.
1992 Understanding utterances. Oxford: Blackwell.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Blommaert, J.
(ed.) 1999 Language ideological debates. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
Blum-Kulka, S., J. House and G. Kasper
(eds.) 1989 Cross-cultural pragmatics. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Bolinger, D.
1968 Aspects of language. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Bourdieu, P.
1982 Ce que parler veut dire. Paris: Fayard.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Briggs, C.
1986 Learning how to ask. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
Bronowski, J.
1973 The ascent of man. New York: Little, Brown and Co.Google Scholar
Brown, P. and S. Levinson
1987 Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bruner, J.
1990 Acts of meaning. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Bublitz, W. and A. Hübler
(eds.) 2007 Metapragmatics in use. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
Bühler, K.
1934 Sprachtheorie. Frankfurt: Fischer.Google Scholar
Burton-Roberts, N.
(ed.) 2007 Pragmatics. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Chafe, W.L.
(ed.) 1980 The pear stories. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Chomsky, N.
1965 Aspects of the theory of syntax. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.Google Scholar
1980 Rules and representations. Oxford: Blackwell.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Cicourel, A.V.
1982 “Interviews, surveys, and the problem of ecological validity.” The American Sociologist 17: 11–20.Google Scholar
Clark, H.H.
1996 Using language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Clark, H.H. and E.V. Clark
1977 Psychology and language. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Cole, P.
(ed.) 1981 Radical pragmatics. New York: Academic Press.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Cornulier, B. De
1985 Effets de sens. Paris: Editions de Minuit.Google Scholar
Coulthard, M. and A. Johnson
2007 An introduction to forensic linguistics: Language in evidence. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Cummings, L.
2005 Pragmatics: A multidisciplinary perspective. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
2009 Clinical pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
Cutting, J.
2008 Pragmatics and discourse: A resource book for students, (2nd ed). London: Routledge.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Dahl, Ö.
(ed.) 1977 Logic, pragmatics and grammar. Sweden: Göteborg University, Dept. of Linguistics.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Daneš, F.
(ed.) 1974 Papers on functional sentence perspective. Prague: Academia.  BoP DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Dascal, M.
1983 Pragmatics and the philosophy of mind 1. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.  BoP DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Davidson, D. and G. Harman
(eds.) 1972 Semantics of natural language. Dordrecht: Reidel.  BoP DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Davis, S.
(ed.) 1991 Pragmatics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Deledalle, G.
(ed.) 1989 Semiotics and pragmatics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
Dijk, T.A. Van
1978 Taal en handelen. Bussum: Coutinho.Google Scholar
1981 Studies in the pragmatics of discourse. The Hague: Mouton.Google Scholar
Dik, S.
1978 Functional grammar. Amsterdam: North Holland.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Dirven, R. and V. Fried
1987 Functionalism in linguistics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
Ducrot, O.
1972 Dire et ne pas dire. Paris: Hermann.  BoPGoogle Scholar
1973 La preuve et le dire. Paris: Mame.  BoPGoogle Scholar
1980 Les échelles argumentatives. Paris: Editions de Minuit.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Duranti, A. and C. Goodwin
(eds.) 1992 Rethinking context. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.  BoP DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Enfield, N.
2010 Human sociality at the heart of language [Inaugural lecture]. Nijmegen: Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen.Google Scholar
Enfield, N. and S.C. Levinson
(eds.) 2006 Roots of human sociality: Culture, cognition and interaction. Oxford: Berg.Google Scholar
Errington, J.J.
1988 Structure and style in javanese. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Ervin-Tripp, S.M.
1973 Language acquisition and communicative choice. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Fauconnier, G.
1985 Mental spaces. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Fetzer, A. and E. Oishi
(eds.) 2011 Context and contexts. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
Fillmore, C.J.
1971 “Types of lexical information.” In ed. by D.D. Steinberg and L.A. Jakobovits, 370–392.Google Scholar
1972 “Subjects, speakers, and roles.” In ed. by D. Davidson and G. Harman, 1–24. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
1975 “An alternative to checklist theories of meaning.” Proceedings of the 1st Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 123–131.Google Scholar
Firbas, J.
1983 “On the concepts of scene and perspective in fillmore's approach and in that of functional sentence perspective.” In Languages in function, ed. by S. Rot, 101–107. Budapest.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Firth, J.R.
1964 The tongues of men [1937] and speech [1930]. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Foucault, M.
1966 Les mots et les choses. Paris: Gallimard.Google Scholar
Garfinkel, H.
1967 Studies in ethnomethodology. New York: Prentice-Hall. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
Gazdar, G.J.M.
1979 Pragmatics. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Ghiglione, R. and A. Trognon
1993 Où va la pragmatique? Grenoble: Presses University de Grenoble.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Givón, T.
1989 Mind, code and context. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Goffman, E.
1974 Frame analysis. New York: Harper and Row.  BoPGoogle Scholar
1981 Forms of talk. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Golopentia, S.
1988 Les voies de la pragmatique. Saratoga, CA: Anma Libri.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Green, G.
1996 Pragmatics and natural language understanding. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Grice, H.P.
1975 “Logic and conversation.” In Syntax and Semantics, vol. 3, ed. by P. Cole and J.L. Morgan, 41–58. New York: Academic Press.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Guenthner, F. and S.J. Schmidt
(eds.) 1979 Formal semantics and pragmatics for natural languages. Dolrdrecht: Reidel.Google Scholar
Gumperz, J.J.
1982 Discourse strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Gumperz, J.J. and D.H. Hymes
(eds.) 1972 Directions in sociolinguistics. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.Google Scholar
Haberland, H. and J. Mey
1977 “Editorial: Linguistics and pragmatics.” Journal of Pragmatics 1 (1): 1–12. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
Habermas, J.
1971 “Vorbereitende bemerkungen zu einer theorie der kommunikativen kompetenz.” In ed. by J. Habermas and N. Luhmann, Theorie der Gesellschaft oder Sozialtechnologie. Berlin: Suhrkamp. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
1979 “What is universal pragmatics?” In J. Habermas, Communication and the Evolution of Society, 1–68. Boston: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Halliday, M.A.K.
1973 Explorations in the Functions of Language. London: Edward Arnold.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Hanks, W.F., S. Ide and Y. Katagiri
(eds.) 2009 “Towards an emancipatory pragmatics.” Special issue of Journal of Pragmatics 41 (1): 1–156. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Heringer, H.J.
1978 Practical semantics. The Hague: Mouton. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Hickey, L.
(ed.) 1989 The pragmatics of style. London. Routledge.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Hilbert, R.A.
1992 The classical roots of ethnomethodology. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Holden, C.
1993 “New life ahead for social sciences.” Science 261: 1796–1798. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Huang, Y.
2007 Pragmatics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Hutchby, I. and R. Wooffitt
1998 Conversation analysis: Principles, practices, and applications. Cambridge: Polity Press.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Hymes, D.
1972 “On communicative competence.” In Sociolinguistics, ed. by J.B. Pride and J. Holmes, 269–293. Harmondsworth: Penguin.  BoPGoogle Scholar
1974 Foundations in sociolinguistics. Cambridge: Tavistock.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Jakobson, R.
1960 “Concluding remarks: Linguistics and poetics.” In Style in language, ed. by Thomas A. Sebeok, 350–377. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.Google Scholar
1970 Main Trends in the Science of Language. New York: Harper and Row.Google Scholar
Jaszczolt, K.
2005 Default semantics: Foundations of a compositional theory of acts of communication. Oxford: Oxford University Press.  BoP DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Jaworski, A., N. Coupland and D. Galasiński
(eds.) 2004 Metalanguage: Social and ideological perspectives. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
Johansen, J.D. and H. Sonne
(eds.) 1986 Pragmatics and linguistics. Odense: Odense University Press.Google Scholar
Kates, C.A.
1980 Pragmatics and semantics. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Kempson, R.M.
1975 Presupposition and the delimitation of semantics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kerbrat-Orecchioni, C.
1980 L’énonciation. Paris: Colin.  BoPGoogle Scholar
1986 L'implicite. Paris: Colin.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Kroskrity, P., B. Schieffelin and K. Woolard
(eds.) 1992 “Language ideologies.”Special issue of Pragmatics 2 (3): 235–449.  BoP DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Lakoff, G.
1972 “Linguistics and natural logic.” In ed. by D. Davidson and G. Harman, 545–665. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Lakoff, G. and M. Johnson
1980 Metaphors we live by. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Lakoff, R.
1989 “The way we were.” Journal of Pragmatics 13 (6): 939–988. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Langacker, R.
1987 Foundations of cognitive grammar. Stanford: Stanford University Press.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Latraverse, F.
1987 La pragmatique. Brussels: Mardaga. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Leech, G.
1983 Principles of pragmatics. London: Longman.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Levinson, S.C.
1983 Pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
2000 Presumptive meanings. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.Google Scholar
2003 Space in language and cognition: Explorations in cognitive diversity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Lucy, J.A.
(ed.) 1993 Reflexive language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Lyons, J.
1977 Semantics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Martin, R.M.
1979 Pragmatics, truth, and language. Dordrecht: Reidel. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Mathesius, V.
1928 “On linguistic characterology with illustrations from modern english.” Proceedings of the 1st International Congress of Linguists 56–63.  BoP
Mccawley, J.D.
1972 “A program for logic.” In ed. by D. Davidson and G. Harman, 498–544. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
1995 “« generative semantics.»” In Handbook of Pragmatics: Manual, ed. by J. Verschueren, J.-O. Östman and J. Blommaert, 311–319. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Mead, G.H.
1934 Mind, self, and society: From the standpoint of a social behaviorist. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Mey, J.L.
1985 Whose language?Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
1993 Pragmatics. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Minsky, M.
1977 “Frame-system theory.” In Thinking, ed. by P.N. Johnson-Laird and P.C. Wason, 355–376. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Moeschler, J.
1996 Théorie pragmatique et pragmatique conversationnelle. Paris: Armand Colin.Google Scholar
Moeschler, J. and A. Reboul
1994 Dictionnaire encyclopédique de pragmatique. Paris: Editions du Seuil.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Montague, R.
1974 Formal philosophy. New Haven: Yale University Press.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Morris, C.
1938 Foundations of the theory of signs (= Foundations of the unity of science I:2). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.  BoPGoogle Scholar
1971 Writings on the general theory of signs. The Hague: Mouton. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
Nerlich, B. and D.D. Clarke
1996 Language, action and context: The early history of pragmatics in europe and america, 1780-1930. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
Norris, S. and R.H. Jones
2005 Discourse in action: Introducing mediated discourse analysis. London: Routledge.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Noveck, I.A. and D. Sperber
(eds.) 2004 Experimental pragmatics. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
Nuyts, J. and J. Verschueren
1987 A comprehensive bibliography of pragmatics ( 4 vols.). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
Ochs, E.
1988 Culture and language development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Östman, J.-O.
1986 Pragmatics as implicitness. Ph.D. diss., University of California at Berkeley.Google Scholar
Parret, H.
1983 Semiotics and pragmatics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.  BoP DOI logoGoogle Scholar
1980 Le langage en contexte. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.  BoP DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Parret, H., M. Sbisà and J. Verschueren
(eds.) 1981 Possibilities and limitations of pragmatics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.  BoP DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Perkins, M.
2007 Pragmatic impairment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Pratt, M.L.
1977 Toward a speech act theory of literary discourse. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Reboul, A. and J. Moeschler
2005 Pragmatique du discours: De l'interprétation de l’énoncé à l'interprétation du discours. Paris: Armand Colin.Google Scholar
Recanati, F.
1979 La transparence et l’énonciation. Paris: Editions du Seuil.  BoPGoogle Scholar
1981 Les énoncés performatifs. Paris: Editions de Minuit.  BoPGoogle Scholar
2010 Truth-conditional pragmatics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.  BoP DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Robinson, D.
2006 Introducing performative pragmatics. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Ross, J.R.
1972 “Act.” In ed. by D. Davidson and G. Harman, 70–126. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Roulet, E.
1980 “Modalité et illocution.” Communications 32: 216–239. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
Sacks, H., E.A. Schegloff and G. Jefferson
1974 “A simplest systematics for the organization of turn-taking for conversation.” Language 50 (4): 696–735. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
Salazar Orvig, A.
1999 Les mouvements du discours: Style, référence et dialogue dans les entretiens cliniques. Paris: L’Harmattan.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Sapir, E.
1929 “The status of linguistics as a science.” Language 5: 207–214. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
1966 Culture, language and personality. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Sbisà, M.
1989 Linguaggio, ragione, interazione. Milan: Il Mulino.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Schegloff, E.A.
2007 Sequence organization in interaction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
Schlieben-Lange, B.
1975 Linguistische pragmatik. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Schmidt, S.J.
(ed.) 1974 Pragmatik I. München: Fink.Google Scholar
Searle, J.R.
1969 Speech acts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
1975 “Indirect speech acts.” In Syntax and Semantics, vol. 3, ed. by P. Cole and J.L. Morgan, 59–82. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Searle, J.R., H. Parret and J. Verschueren
1992 (On) searle on conversation. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
Searle, J.R., F. Kiefer and M. Bierwisch
(eds.) 1980 Speech act theory and pragmatics. Dordrecht: Reidel.  BoP DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Sgall, P. and E. Hajičová
1977 “Focus on focus.” Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics 28: 5–54.Google Scholar
Sherzer, J.
1987 “A discourse-centered approach to language and culture.” American Anthropologist 89 (2): 295–309. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Silverstein, M.
1979 “Language structure and linguistic ideology.” In The Element, ed. by P.R. Clyne, W.F. Hanks and C.L. Hofbauer, 193–247. Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society.Google Scholar
Smith, B.R. and E. Leinonen
1992 Clinical pragmatics. London: Chapman and Hall.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Sperber, D. and D. Wilson
1986 Relevance: Communication and cognition. Oxford: Blackwell.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Stati, S.
1990 Le transphrastique. Paris: Presses University de France.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Steinberg, D.D. and L.A. Jakobovits
(eds.) 1971 Semantics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Steiner, E.H. and R. Veltman
(eds.) 1988 Pragmatics, discourse and text. London: Pinter.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Talmy, L.
1978 “Figure and ground in complex sentences.” In Universals of Human Language, vol. 4, ed. by J.H. Greenberg, 625–649. Stanford: Stanford University Press.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Thayer, H.S.
(ed.) 1970 Pragmatism. New York: Mentor.Google Scholar
Thomas, J.
1995 Meaning in interaction: An introduction to pragmatics. London: Longman.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Todorov, T.
1981 Mikhaïl bakhtine. Paris: Editions du Seuil.Google Scholar
Tomasello, M.
1999 The cultural origins of human cognition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Vanderveken, D.
1988 Les actes de discours. Brussels: Mardaga. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Verschueren, J.
1978 “Reflections on presupposition failure.” Journal of Pragmatics 2 (2): 107–151. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
1985 “Review article on Geoffrey N. Leech, Principles of pragmatics, and Stephen C. Levinson, Pragmatics .” Journal of Linguistics 21: 459–470. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
1994 “Meaning in a theory of pragmatics.” Proceedings of the 20th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society : 553–562  BoP DOI logo
1995a “The pragmatic return to meaning.” Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 5: 127–156. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
1995b “Linguistic pragmatics and semiotics.” Semiotica 104 (1/2): 45–65. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
1999 Understanding pragmatics. London: Edward Arnold / New York: Oxford University Press.  BoPGoogle Scholar
2008 “Context and structure in a theory of pragmatics.” Studies in Pragmatics 10: 14–24.Google Scholar
2011 “IPrA, the international pragmatics association, at 25.” SemiotiX New Series http://​www​.semioticon​.com​/semiotix​/2011​/10​/ipra​-the​-international​-pragmatics​-association​-at​-25/.Google Scholar
2012 Ideology in language use: Pragmatic guidelines for empirical research. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Forthcoming. “The european perspective view.” In The Oxford Handbook of Pragmatic ed. by Y. Huang
(ed.) 1991a Pragmatics at issue. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.  BoP DOI logoGoogle Scholar
(ed.) 1991b Levels of linguistic adaptation. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.  BoP DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Verschueren, J. and M. Bertuccelli Papi
(eds.) 1987 The pragmatic perspective. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.  BoP DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Vygotsky, L.
1986 Thought and language. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Watzlawick, P., J. Beavin Bavelas and D.D. Jackson
1967 Pragmatics of human communication. Norton and Company.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Weiser, A.
1974 “Deliberate ambiguity.” Papers from the 10th Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistics Society : 723–731.  BoP
Wilson, D. and D. Sperber
2012 Meaning and relevance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Winch, P.
1958 The idea of a social science and its relation to philosophy. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Winkin, Y.
1981 La nouvelle communication. Paris: Editions du Seuil.Google Scholar
Wittgenstein, L.
1953 Philosophische untersuchungen. Oxford: Blackwell. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
Wunderlich, D.
(ed.) 1972 Linguistische pragmatik. Frankfurt: Athenäum.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Yule, G.
1996 Pragmatics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.  BoPGoogle Scholar