翻訳研究における転回 [The turns of Translation Studies]

メアリー・スネル=ホーンビー
Translated by 南條恵津子
目次

 言語研究language studiesのコンテクストにおける「転回」turnの概念から想起されるのは、今日の視点では1970年代に言語学の領域で生じた「語用論的転回」pragmatic turnであろう。現在では、語用論的転回とは「言語外現実」のあらゆる側面を排除する抽象的で硬直した変形生成文法の定説から、より実用的で開かれた柔軟なアプローチへ、つまり言語というものを世界、とりわけ実際の言語使用の場面とかかわる行為としてとらえるアプローチへのあきらかな転換であったと考えられている。語用論的転回の推進力のひとつが、1970年代には革命的であった発話行為理論speech act theory であった。語用論におけるこの変化は、言語の社会的側面や伝達機能の側面を取り入れ、またテクスト言語学の出現とともに継続したが、これらはすべて将来の翻訳研究 Translation Studies への地ならしをするものであった。

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