In:Verbal Aggression in Contemporary Polish: A usage-based and perception-oriented study
Artur Świątek
[IMPACT: Studies in Language, Culture and Society 57] 2026
► pp. 139–160
Chapter 5Corpus study: Hate speech detection
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Article outline
- 5.1Hate speech detector analyser
- 5.2Individual words
- 5.2.1nawrzucać (Eng. hurl abuse)
- 5.2.2śmieć (Eng. trash)
- 5.2.3gorszący (Eng. shameful)
- 5.2.4potwarz (Eng. slander)
- 5.2.5kreatury (Eng. creeps)
- 5.2.6sprzedawczyki (Eng. rats)
- 5.2.7mieszać z błotem (Eng. mud-sling)
- 5.2.8opluskiwać (Eng. bash)
- 5.2.9zohydzać (Eng. disgust)
- 5.2.10pogróżka (Eng. threat)
- 5.2.11dziura (Eng. backwater)
- 5.2.12groźba (Eng. menace)
- 5.2.13pruć (Eng. blast away)
- 5.3Words in contexts
- 5.3.1Context 1
- 5.3.2Context 2
- 5.3.3Context 3
- 5.3.4Context 4
- 5.3.5Context 5
- 5.4Corpus-based discussion of hate speech detection
- 5.5Summary of corpus findings
