References (37)
References
Ádám, Z. (2022). Populism unrestrained: Policy responses of the Orbán regime to the pandemic in 2020–2021. European Policy Analysis, 8(3), 277–296. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Aktuality. sk. (2022, May 3). Po Blahovom hecovaní ľudia vulgárne nadávali prezidentke, vedenie Smeru sa smialo. Speaker Ľuboš Blaha. [video] YouTube. [URL]
Aktuálně.cz (2009, December 12). Fico: Na euro jsem hrdý, Češi si nechali ujet vlak. [URL]
Bauer, Vojtěch. (2025, May 9). Kallasová pro Novinky: Fico stojí po boku Putina, který tuhle válku rozpoutal. Nechápu. Novinky. [URL]
Berbuir, Nicole, Lewandowsky, Marcel, and Jasmin Siri. 2015. “The AfD and Its Sympathisers: Finally a Right-Wing Populist Movement in Germany?German Politics 24 (2): 154–78. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bilčík, Vladimír. 2007. “Slovak Priorities in the European Union.” Yearbook of Slovak’s Foreign Policy 11: 17–26.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Ekman, Mattias, and Michał Krzyżanowski. “A populist turn.” Nordicom Review University of Gothenburg Nordicom, 42, no. s1 (2021): 67–87. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Fomina, J., & Kucharczyk, J. (2016). The Specter Haunting Europe: Populism and Protest in Poland. Journal of Democracy, 27(4), 58–68. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Grzymala-Busse, Anna. (2024). How Ukraine Divides Postcommunist Europe. Journal of Democracy, 35(1), 74–86. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Havlík, V. (2019). Technocratic Populism and Political Illiberalism in Central Europe. Problems of Post-Communism, 66(6), 369–384. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Henley, Jon. 2025. Slovakian and Serbian leaders defy EU to attend Russian military parade. The Guardian, May 9. [URL]
Kovács, J. M., & Trencsényi, B. (Eds.). (2022). Brave New Hungary. Mapping the ‘System of National Cooperation’. Lexington Books.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kramer, Mark. 2008. “Russian Policy Toward the Commonwealth of Independent States: Recent Trends and Future Prospects.” Problems of Post-Communism 55(6): 3–19. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Krzyżanowski, Michał. 2010. The Discursive Construction of European Identities: A Multilevel Approach to Discourse and Identity in the Transforming European Union. Peter Lang Publishing Group.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2018. Discursive Shits in Ethno-Nationalist Politics: On Politicisation and Mediatisation of the ‘Refugee Crisis’ in Poland. Journal of Immigrant and Refugee Studies, 16(1), 76–96. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2020. “Discursive Shifts and the Normalisation of Racism: Imaginaries of Immigration, Moral Panics and the Discourse of Contemporary Right-Wing Populism.” Social Semiotics 30 (4): 503–27. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Krzyżanowski, Michał, and Hugo Ekström. 2025. “‘No Longer the Haven of Tolerance’? The Press and Discursive Shifts on Immigration in Sweden 2010–2022.” Social Semiotics 35 (3): 472–94. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kuzio, Taras. 2012. “Russianization of Ukrainian National Security Policy under Viktor Yanukovych.” The Journal of Slavic Military Studies 25 (4): 558–81. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lintner, T., Diviák, T., Nekardová, B., Lehotský, L., & Vašečka, M. (2023). Slovak MPs’ response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine in light of conspiracy theories and the polarization of political discourse. Humanities and social sciences communications 101. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Mackintosh, T. (2024, December 23). Slovak PM meets Putin in unannounced Moscow visit. BBC. [URL]
Manaev, Oleg, Natalie Manayeva, and Dzmitry Yuran. 2011. “MORE STATE THAN NATION: LUKASHENKO’S BELARUS.” Journal of International Affairs 65(1): 93–113.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Reisigl, M., & Wodak, Ruth. 2017. The Discourse-Historical Approach (DHA). In J. Flowerdew & J. Richardson (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Critical Discourse Studies. Routledge.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Snegovaya, M. (2022). Fellow travellers or Trojan horses? Similarities across pro-Russian parties’ electorates in Europe. Party Politics, 28(3), 409–418. [URL]
Stanley, B., & Cześnik, M. (2018). Populism in Poland.” In D. Stockemer (Ed.), Populism Around the World: A Comparative Perspective. Springer.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Stockemer, Daniel. 2019. “What is right-wing populism and how does it manifest itself? An analysis of the French National Front’s Facebook posts and sympathizers’ Facebook comments. French Politics 171, 340–354. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Trenin, Dmitri. 2009. “Russia’s Spheres of Interest, Not Influence.” The Washington Quarterly 32 (4): 3–22. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Učeň, P. (2023). The Russia-Ukraine War and the Radicalization of Political Discourse in Slovakia. In G. Ivaldi & E. Zankina The Impacts of the Russian Invasion of Ukraine on Right-wing Populism in Europe. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS). Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Visnovitz, P., & Jenne, E. K. (2021). Populist argumentation in foreign policy: the case of Hungary under Viktor Orbán, 2010–2020. Comparative European Politics 191, 683–702. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Wodak, R., & Forchtner, B. 2014. Embattled Vienna 1683/2010: Right wing populism, collective memory and the fictionalisation of politics. Visual Communication, 13(2), 231–255. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Wodak, Ruth, KhosraviNik, Majid., and Brigitte Mral (Eds.). 2013. Rightwing Populism in Europe: Politics and Discourse. Bloomsbury. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Data
Fico, Robert. (2025a, March 3). KEDYSI HRAL V KOMÉDIÁCH, DNES JE HLAVNOU POSTAVOU TEJ NAJDRAHŠEJ FRAŠKY. Facebook video, 4:34. [URL]
. (2025b, March 6). DNES NA SAMITE EÚ NEŽIADAM NIČ, LEN ZDRAVÝ ROZUM. Facebook video, 7:22. [URL]
. (2025d, March 9). Zatrpknutým a hysterickým progresívcom plným nenávisti posielame z Nitry úsmev na tvári a dobrú náladu. Facebook video, 13:24. [URL]
. (2025k, March 28). ČO SA NEZMESTILO NA TLAČOVKU XXXVI. Facebook video, 9:26. [URL]
. (2025m, April 4). SLAVÍN JE SLOVENSKÁ SOCHA SLOBODY. Facebook video, 13:28. [URL]
. (2025n, April 15). VÝSTRAHA A VYHRÁŽKA PANI KALLASOVEJ SÚ NEÚCTIVÉ A OHRADZUJEM SA PROTI NIM. Facebook. [URL]
Mobile Menu Logo with link to supplementary files background Layer 1 prag Twitter_Logo_Blue