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In:Theoretical Issues in Second Language Research: Challenges and new directions
Edited by Junya Fukuta, John Matthews and Shigenori Wakabayashi
[Studies in Bilingualism 69] 2026
► pp. 209–232

Chapter 10
The continuity of research on the complexity of second language development

 | Meijo University
This content is being prepared for publication; it may be subject to changes.
Abstract
This chapter provides a selective review of previous studies on second language development to discuss how the key dimensions of the complex phenomena — namely, time and relation — have been approached in the field’s history. While pointing out the limitations of earlier studies (e.g., their narrow scopes on the variables involved, the premise of simple, direct causality, and the predominant use of group-based analyses), it argues against drawing a strict dividing line between those “legacy” studies and more recent research with explicit affiliation to Complexity Theory. It is suggested that the field would benefit from extending its traditional concerns through the modern complexity lens, rather than dismissing them as outdated. An emphasis is also placed on the importance of theoretical underpinnings of complexity-informed research, highlighting the potential of usage-based approaches to language and language development.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.The complex systems and the challenges in tackling them
    • 2.1The nature of complex systems
    • 2.2Challenges in researching complex systems
  • 3.Issues in the complexity of L2 development
    • 3.1Learning trajectory
    • 3.2Implied connections
    • 3.3Evolving relationships
  • 4.Continuity of L2 research
  • 5.Conclusion
  • Author queries
  • Notes
  • References
References (109)
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