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Strategies for handling ambiguity and untranslatability in Chinese–English interpreting
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Abstract
This study examines the core challenges of untranslatability and ambiguity in Chinese–English interpreting. Rather
than pursuing perfect linguistic equivalence, a goal often unattainable under time pressure, we argue that successful interpreting
in this context requires a dynamic, cognitively-grounded balance that prioritizes communicative coherence. The significant
typological and discourse-level differences between Chinese (e.g. parataxis, culture-loaded expressions like
chéngyǔ, and classical allusions) and English (e.g. hypotaxis, explicitness) create inherent processing and
cognitive barriers. These challenges are compounded by the immediacy and (to a certain extent) irreversibility of interpreting,
forcing practitioners into rapid strategic decisions. Analyzing authentic examples mostly from high-level political discourse,
this study identifies a repertoire of core tactics, including conceptual simplification, functional compensation, and strategic
omission, which interpreters may employ to manage cognitive load and bridge cultural gaps. We conclude that the success of
interpreting is not achieved through formal equivalence but through pragmatic, context-sensitive adaptation, where cultural
nuances may be partially sacrificed for informational clarity and logical coherence. The interpreter’s role is thus
reconceptualized as a cognitive-strategic manager of meaning under severe processing constraints. We situate this illustrative
approach relative to existing corpus-based accounts of authentic government interpreting, and suggest directions for testing our
framework against such data.
Résumé
Cette étude examine les principaux défis liés à l’intraduisibilité et à l’ambiguïté dans l’interprétation
chinois-anglais. Plutôt que de rechercher une équivalence linguistique parfaite, objectif souvent impossible à atteindre sous la
pression du temps, nous soutenons qu’une interprétation réussie dans ce contexte exige un équilibre dynamique, fondé sur les
processus cognitifs et privilégiant la cohérence communicative. Les importantes différences typologiques et discursives entre le
chinois (par exemple, la parataxe, les expressions culturellement marquées telles que les chéngyǔ, ainsi que les allusions
classiques) et l’anglais (par exemple, l’hypotaxe et l’explicitation) créent des obstacles inhérents au traitement cognitif de
l’information. Ces difficultés sont encore exacerbées par l’immédiateté et, dans une certaine mesure, l’irréversibilité de
l’interprétation, contraignant les praticiens à prendre rapidement des décisions stratégiques. À partir de l’analyse d’exemples
authentiques, principalement issus du discours politique de haut niveau, cette étude identifie un ensemble de tactiques
fondamentales, parmi lesquelles la simplification conceptuelle, la compensation fonctionnelle et l’omission stratégique,
auxquelles les interprètes peuvent recourir afin de gérer la charge cognitive et de combler les écarts culturels. Nous concluons
que la réussite de l’interprétation ne repose pas sur l’équivalence formelle, mais sur une adaptation pragmatique et sensible au
contexte, dans laquelle certaines nuances culturelles peuvent être partiellement sacrifiées au profit de la clarté
informationnelle et de la cohérence logique. Le rôle de l’interprète est ainsi reconceptualisé comme celui d’un gestionnaire
cognitivo-stratégique du sens, opérant sous de fortes contraintes de traitement. Nous situons cette approche illustrative par
rapport aux travaux existants fondés sur des corpus d’interprétations gouvernementales authentiques et proposons des pistes
permettant de confronter notre cadre analytique à de telles données.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- Data and approach
- 2.Translation equivalence, (un)translatability and ambiguity
- 2.1The fundamental pursuit of translation: Equivalence
- 2.2(Un)translatability and ambiguity
- 2.3Cognitive and pragmatic frameworks for interpreting
- 3.Core challenges in dealing with untranslatability and ambiguity in interpreting
- 3.1Specificities of the Chinese language
- 3.2Interpreting-specific challenges
- 4.Navigating untranslatability and ambiguity in interpreting: Coping tactics
- 4.1Coping with untranslatability in interpreting
- 4.1.1Interpreting Chéngyǔ [ready-made (or ‘formulaic’) expressions] and four-character expressions
- 4.1.2Interpreting historical allusions and classical quotations
- 4.1.3Interpreting proverbs and popular sayings
- 4.2Coping with ambiguity in interpreting
- 4.1Coping with untranslatability in interpreting
- 5.Conclusion
- COI
- Notes
References
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