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Disempowered but not disengaged
Korean Australians in an age of political polarisation
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Abstract
Political extremism and polarisation are self-evidently detrimental to democracy in a general sense, but little is known about the effects of these forces at the micro level, such as their potential to reduce how engaged new and would-be citizens are in politics. We address this knowledge gap by focusing on the experience of Korean migrants in Australia, a notionally multicultural and inclusive democracy where nearly one-third of the population is overseas-born, at a time of heightened political polarisation and social discord. In the first half of the 2020s, we argue, migrants themselves became inadvertently embroiled in a host of contentious issues in Australia, such as responses to the Covid-19 pandemic, trust in electoral processes and public institutions, mis-/dis-information, and social cohesion. To explore the degree to which Korean Australians engaged in politics in these conditions of polarisation, this article analyses original data collected from a study of political engagement among Koreans in Australia, as well as reports in the local Korean-language media. The article finds that rather than Korean Australians being disengaged from politics, they are disempowered: they lack the capacity to engage with it as extensively as they would prefer.
초록
정치적 극단주의와 양극화가 일반적인 관점에서 민주주의에 해를 끼친다는 점은 자명하지만, 신규 및 예비 시민의 정치 참여도를 저하시킬 가능성과 같이 미시적 수준에서 이들 요인이 미치는 영향에 대해서는 알려진 바가 거의 없다. 본 연구는 인구의 약 1/3이 해외 출생자이며 관념적으로 다문화와 포용을 지향하는 민주주의 국가인 호주에서, 정치적 양극화와 사회적 갈등이 심화된 시기에 한인 이주민이 겪은 경험에 주목하여 이러한 지식의 공백을 메우고자 한다. 본 연구는 2020년대 전반기에 이주민 스스로가 코로나19 팬데믹 대응, 선거 절차 및 공공 기관에 대한 신뢰, 허위·오류 정보, 사회적 통합과 같은 호주 내의 수많은 논쟁적 이슈에 의도치 않게 휘말리게 되었다고 주장한다. 양극화 상황 속 재호 한인의 정치 참여도를 탐구하기 위해, 본 연구는 호주 내 한인의 정치 참여에 관한 연구에서 수집한 자체 데이터와 현지 한인 언론 보도를 분석한다. 본 연구는 재호 한인이 정치에서 ‘유리된(disengaged)’ 것이 아니라 ‘권한이 박탈된(disempowered)’ 상태에 있음을 확인하였다. 즉, 원하는 만큼 정치에 적극적으로 참여할 수 있는 역량과 여건이 부족한 실정인 것이다.
주제어: 호주 내 한인 이주민(재호 한인), 유리, 권한 박탈, 민주주의, 시민권
Article outline
- 1.Disengaged or disempowered?
- 2.Citizenship, political polarisation, and Korean Australians
- 2.1The case of Korean Australians
- 3.Methods and approach
- 3.1Demographic profile of research participants
- 3.2Data analysis
- 4.Korean Australians in an age of political polarisation, 2020–2025
- 5.Which political issues matter to Koreans in Australia?
- 6.Why the lack of interest in Australian politics?
- 6.1Disengagement: Boredom, political fatigue, and distrust
- 6.2Disempowerment (1): Sociolinguistic barriers as structural exclusion
- 6.3Disempowerment (2): A deficit of informational infrastructure
- 6.4Disempowerment (3): Non-citizenship and the absence of political agency
- 7.Conclusion: Disempowerment, not disengagement
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