In:Informality in Japanese: Getting close in a formal context
Edited by Haruko Minegishi Cook and Momoko Nakamura
[Pragmatics & Beyond New Series 357] 2027
► pp. 1–18
Chapter 1Introduction
This content is being prepared for publication; it may be subject to changes.
Article outline
- 1.The importance of informality construction
- 2.The importance of studying the plain form
- 2.1Addressee honorifics (desu/masu form)
- 2.2Plain form (da form)
- 3.The importance of multiplicity: Modalities, frames, and speech styles
- 4.Going beyond speech-style shift
- 4.1Multilevel resources: Frames, footing, and participation frameworks
- 4.2The use of multiple linguistic styles: Regional dialects and youth vernaculars
- 5.Conclusions
- 6.The structure of the volume
- Author queries
Acknowledgements Note References
References (65)
Barke, Andrew. 2018. “Constructing Identity in the Japanese Workplace through Dialectal and Honorific Shifts.” In Japanese at Work: Politeness, Power, and Personae in Japanese Workplace Discourse, ed. by Haruko M. Cook, and Janet S. Shibamoto-Smith, 123–149. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.
Bateson, Gregory. 1972. A Theory of Play and Fantasy. Reprinted in steps to an ecology of mind, 117–193. New York: Ballantine Books.
Bricker, Victoria. 1974. “The Ethnographic Context of Some Traditional Mayan Speech Genres.” In Explorations in the Ethnography of Speaking, ed. By Richard Bauman and Joel Sherzer, 368–388. London: Cambridge University Press.
Brown, Lucien. 2010. “Observations on Korean and Japanese Speech Style Shifting.” Journal of Korean Culture 14, 65–102.
. 2011. Korean Honorifics and Politeness in Second Language Learning. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Brown, Lucien, and Pilar Prieto. 2017. “(Im)politeness: Prosody and Gesture.” In The Palgrave Handbook of Linguistic (Im)politenss, ed. by Jonathan Culpeper, Michael Hauth, and Dániel Kádár, 357–379. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Brown, Penelope, and Stephen Levinson. 1987. Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bucholtz, Mary. 2009. “From Stance to Style: Gender, Interaction, and Indexicality in Mexican Immigrant Youth Slang.” In Stance: Sociolinguistic Perspective, edited by Alexandra Jaffe, 147–170. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bunka Shingikai. 2007. Keigo no Shishin [Honorifics Principles]. Tokyo: Bunka-shingikai Kokugo-bunseki Johosho.
Burdelski, Matthew. 2013. “ “I’m Sorry, Flower” Socializing Apology, Relationships, and Empathy in Japan.” Pragmatics and Society 4(1): 54–81.
Burgoon, Judee k., and Norah E. Dunbar. 2006. “Nonverbal Expressions of Dominance and Power in Human Relationships.” In The SAGE Handbook of Nonverbal Communication, ed. by Valerie Lynn Manusov and Miles L. Patterson, 279–2297. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Clancy, Patricia. 1986. “The Acquisition of Communicative Style in Japanese.” In Socialization across Cultures, ed. by Bambi Schieffelin and Elinor Ochs, 213–250. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Cook, Haruko M. 1996. “The Use of Addressee Honorifics in Japanese Elementary School Classrooms.” In Japanese/Korean Linguistics, Vol. 5, ed. by Noriko Akatsuka, Shoichi Iwasaki, and Susan Strauss, 67–81. CSLI.
1997. “The Role of the Japanese Masu Form in Caregiver-child Conversation.” Journal of Pragmatics 28: 695–718.
2008. “Construction of Speech Styles: The Case of the Japanese Naked Plain Form.” In Japanese Applied Linguistics: Discourse and Social Perspectives, ed. by Junko Mori, and Amy Snyder Ohta, 80–108. London and New York: Continuum.
2018. “Speech style shift.” In The Cambridge Handbook of Japanese Linguistics, ed. by Yoko Hasegawa, 628–648. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Coupland, Nikolas. 2014. “Sociolinguistic change, vernacularization and broadcast British media.” In J. Androutsopoulos (Ed.), Mediatization and sociolinguistic change (pp. 67–96). De Gruyter.
Culpeper, Jonathan, Michael Haugh, and Dániel Kádár. 2017. The Palgrave Handbook of Linguistic (Im)politenss. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Dunn, Cynthia D. 2020. “Reported Thought, Narrative Positioning, and Emotional Expression in Japanese Public Speaking Narratives.” In Bonding through Context: Language and Interactional Alignment in Japanese Situated Discourse, ed. by Risako Ide and Kaori Hata, 39–60. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Eckert, Penelope. 2000. Linguistic Variation as Social Practice: The Linguistic Construction of Identity in Belten High. Oxford: Blackwell.
Enyo, Yumiko. 2015. “Contexts and Meanings of Japanese Speech Styles: A Case of Hierarchical Identity Construction among Japanese College Students.” Pragmatics 25 (3): 345–367.
Ervin-Tripp, Susan. 1972. “On Sociolinguistic Rules: Alternation and Co-occurrence.” In Directions in Sociolinguistics, ed. by John Gumperz and Dell Hymes, 213–250. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Fang, Xianming. 2023. “Multimodality in Refusal in English as a Lingua Franca.” In Multimodal Im/politeness: Signed, Spoken, Written, ed. by Andreas H. Jucker, Iris Hubscher, and Lucien Brown, 101–130. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Fischer, John. 1972. “The Stylistic Significance of Consonantal Saddhi in Trukese and Ponapean.” In Directions in Sociolinguistics, ed. by John Gumperz and Dell Hymes, 498–511. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Fox, James. 1974. ““Our Ancestors Spoke in Pairs”: Rotinese Views of Language, Dialect, and Code.” In Explorations in the Ethnography of Speaking, ed. By Richard Bauman and Joel Sherzer, 65–85. London” Cambridge University Press.
Geyer, Naomi. 2013. “Discernment and Variation: The Action-Oriented Use of Japanese Addressee Honorifics.” Multilingua 32 (2): 155–176.
Goffman, Erving. 1974. Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience. New York: Harper and Row.
Gossen, Gary. 1974. “To Speak with a Heated Heart: Chamula Canons of Style and Good Performance.” In Explorations in the Ethnography of Speaking, ed. By Richard Bauman and Joel Sherzer, 389–413. London” Cambridge University Press.
Hwang, J-R. 1990. “‘Deference’ versus ‘Politeness’ in Korean Speech.” International Journal of the Sociology of Language 82. Aspects of Korean Sociolinguistics: 41–55.
Ide, Risako, and Kaori Hata. 2020. Bonding through Context: Language and Interactional Alignment in Japanese Situated Discourse. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Ide, Sachiko. 1982. “Japanese Sociolinguistics: Politeness and Women’s Language.” Lingua 57: 357–385.
. 1989. “Formal Forms and Discernment: Two Neglected Aspects of Linguistic Politeness.” Multilingua 8 (2/3), 233–248.
Idemaru, Kaori, Bodo Winter, and Lucien Brown. 2019. “Cross-cultural Multimodal Politeness: The Phonetics of Japanese Deferential Speech in Comparison to Korean.” Intercultural Pragmatics 16 (5): 517–555.
Ikuta, Shoko. 2008. “Speech Style Shift as an Interactional Discourse Strategy: The Use and Non-use of Desu/Masu in Japanese Conversational Interviews.” In Style Shifting in Japanese, ed. by Kimberly Jones and Tsuyoshi Ono, 71–90. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Irvine, Judith T. 1979. “Formality and Informality in Communicative Events.” American Anthropologist 81: 773–790.
Jones, Kimberly, and Tsuyoshi Ono. 2008. Style Shifting in Japanese. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Jucker, Andreas H., Iris Húbscher, and Lucien Brown. 2023. Multimodal Im/politeness: Signed, Spoken, Written. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Kita, Sotaro, and James Essegbey. 2001. “Pointing Left in Ghana: How a Taboo on the Use of the Left Hand Influences Gestural Practice.” Gesture 1 (1): 73–95.
Kita, Sotaro, and Sachiko Ide. 2007. “Nodding, Aizuchi, and final Particles in Japanese Relationships.” Journal of Pragmatics 39 (7): 1242–1254.
Makino, Seiichi. 1983. “Speaker/listener-Orientation and Formality Marking in Japanese.” Gengo Kenkyu 84: 126–145.
Maynard, Senko K. 1993. Discourse Modality: Subjectivity, Emotion and Voice in the Japanese Language. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: Benjamins.
Nakamura, Momoko. 2020. Shinkeigo “majiyabaissu”: Shakaigengogaku no shiten kara [The new honorifics “majiyabaissu”: A sociolinguistic approach]. Tokyo: Hakutakusha.
. 2021. “The Indexical Regimentation of a Polite Style of Young Men: Two Approaches of Metapragmatic Discourse on a Q&A Website.” East Asian Pragmatics 6 (1): 9–37.
. 2022. “Easy-going Masculinity: Persona Creation, Reindexicalization, and the Regimentation of Sociolinguistic Styles.” KGU Journal of Business and Liberal Arts 1: 51–67.
Niyekawa, Agnes. 1991. Minimum Essential Politeness: A Guide to the Japanese Honorific Language. Tokyo: Kodansha International.
Ochs, Elinor. 1992. “Indexing Gender.” In Rethinking Context: Language as an Interactive Phenomenon, ed. by Alessandro Duranti, and Charles Goodwin, 335–358. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Oh, Eunhae, and Mao Cui. 2020. “The Acquisition of Acoustic Correlates of Politeness by Native Chinese Speakers.” Linguistic Research 37:113–134.
Okamoto, Shigeko. 1999. “Situated Politeness: Manipulating Honorific and Non-honorific Expressions in Japanese Conversations.” Pragmatics, 9 (1): 51–74.
. 2008a. “Speech Style and the Use of Regional (Yamaguchi) and Standard Japanese in Conversation.” In Style Shifting in Japanese, ed. by Kimberly Jones, and Tsuyoshi Ono, 229–250. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
. 2008b. “The Use of ‘Regional’ and ‘Standard’ Japanese in Conversations: A Case Study from Osaka.” In Japanese Applied Linguistics: Discourse and Social Perspectives, ed. by Junko Mori, and Amy Snyder Ohta, 132–159. London and New York: Continuum.
. 2011. “The Use and Interpretation of Addressee Honorifics and Plain Forms in Japanese: Diversity, Multiplicity, and Ambiguity.” Pragmatics, 43: 3673–3688.
Okamoto, Shigeko, and Janet S. Shibamoto Smith. 2016. The Social Life of the Japanese Language: Cultural Discourses and Situated Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Orie, Olanike Ola. 2009. “Pointing the Yoruba Way.” Gesture 9 (2): 237–261.
Thornborrow, J. and Montgomery, M. (2010). Special issue on personalization in the broadcast news interview. Discourse & Communication, 4(2), 99–104.
