Second-language (L2) listening ability is considered to consist of a diverse range of components that collectively help one to understand aural messages (e.g., Vandergrift & Goh, 2012). By building on and expanding previous meta-analyses, this chapter reports on a meta-analysis of L2 listening… read more
This chapter synthesizes the results of the six meta-analyses (Chapters 3, 5, 6, 8, 10, and 11) included in this volume and interprets the findings in reference to the theories and models of L2 proficiency and assessment. We first review influential theories and models of L2 proficiency starting… read more
The present study synthesizes the correlation coefficients between discourse-level L2 speaking and nine relevant correlates: L2 vocabulary knowledge, L2 grammar knowledge, working memory, L2 reading comprehension, L2 listening comprehension, L2 writing, language aptitude, metacognition, and… read more
The current meta-analysis examines relationships between second-language (L2) speaking (assessed using global ratings) and its internal features, such as fluency and accuracy (assessed using analytic ratings or measures) that were derived by analyzing speaking performance during the same… read more
The present meta-analysis examined the overall average correlation between second/foreign language (L2) writing performance and each of 11 key predictor variables frequently investigated in the research domain, and compared the relative importance of those variables. A series of moderator… read more