References (67)
References
Aina, Carmen, Casalone, Giorgia, & Raitano, Michele. (2020). Age at graduation and its reflections in early career prospects. Studies in Higher Education, 45(6), 1121–1132. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Alexander, Brittany L., Janssen, Jayley, Fraser, Ashely M., Bryce, Crystal I., & Fabes, Richard A. (2022). A multimethod examination of hope and adolescent STEM career expectancies. Journal of Adolescence, 94(8), 1163–1178. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Banerjee, Pronobesh, Chatterjee, Promothesh, & Sinha, Jayati. (2012). Is it light or dark? Recalling moral behavior changes perception of brightness. Psychological Science, 23(4), 407–409. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Barsalou, Lawrence W. (2008). Grounded cognition. Annual Review of Psychology, 59(1), 617–645. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Brysbaert, Marc. (2019). How many participants do we have to include in properly powered experiments? A tutorial of power analysis with reference tables. Journal of Cognition, 2(1), 16. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Caramazza, Alfonso, Anzellotti, Stefano, Strnad, Lukas, & Lingnau, Angelika. (2014). Embodied cognition and mirror neurons: A critical assessment. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 37(1), 1–15. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Caspi, Avshalom, Wright, Bradley R., Moffitt, Terrie E., & Silva, Phil A. (1998). Early failure in the labor market: Childhood and adolescent predictors of unemployment in the transition to adulthood. American Sociological Review, 63(3), 424–451. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Chancer, Lynn S., Sánchez Jankowski, Martín, & Trost, Christine. (2018). Youth, jobs, and the future: Problems and prospects. Oxford University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
China’s overqualified youth taking jobs as drivers, labourers and film extras. (2025, October 2). BBC News. Retrieved from [URL]
Chotimah, Chusnul. (2025, October 22). China youth unemployment rate. Trading Economic. Retrieved from [URL]
Cohen, Jacob. (1988). Set correlation and contingency tables. Applied Psychological Measurement, 12(4), 425–434. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Corn, Benjamin W., Feldman, David B., & Wexler, Isaiah. (2020). The science of hope. The Lancet Oncology, 21(9), e452–e459. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Da Rold, Federico. (2018). Defining embodied cognition: The problem of situatedness. New Ideas in Psychology, 511, 9–14. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Diemer, Matthew A., & Blustein, David L. (2007). Vocational hope and vocational identity: Urban adolescents’ career development. Journal of Career Assessment, 15(1), 98–118. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Dudovitz, Rebecca N., Chung, Paul J., Nelson, Bergen B., & Wong, Mitchell D. (2017). What do you want to be when you grow up? Career aspirations as a marker for adolescent well-being. Academic Pediatrics, 17(2), 153–160. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Egan, Mark, Daly, Michael, Delaney, Liam, Boyce, Christopher J., & Wood, Alex M. (2017). Adolescent conscientiousness predicts lower lifetime unemployment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(4), 700–709. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Foglia, Lucia & Wilson, Robert A. (2013). Embodied cognition. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science, 4(3), 319–325. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Forest, Amanda L., Kille, David R., Wood, Joanne V., & Stehouwer, Lindsay R. (2015). Turbulent times, rocky relationships: Relational consequences of experiencing physical instability. Psychological Science, 26(8), 1261–1271. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Furnham, Adrain. (1985). Youth unemployment: A review of the literature. Journal of Adolescence, 8(2), 109–124. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Garcia Marques, Leonel & Ferreira, Mario B. (2009). The scaffolded mind: The why of embodied cognition? European Journal of Social Psychology, 39(7), 1272–1275. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Gibbs, Raymond W. (2011). Evaluating conceptual metaphor theory. Discourse Processes, 48(8), 529–562. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Ginevra, Maria C., Santilli, Sara, Di Maggio, Ilaria, Nota, Laura, & Soresi, Salvatore. (2020). Development and validation of visions about future in early adolescence. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 48(2), 155–167. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Goldinger, Stephen D., Papesh, Megan H., Barnhart, Anthony S., Hansen, Whitney A., & Hout, Michael C. (2016). The poverty of embodied cognition. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 23(4), 959–978. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Goodwill, Janelle R., & Hope, Meredith O. (2024). Religion and suicide in Black emerging adults: Examining pathways through hope and meaning in life. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 53(5), 1119–1133. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hartmann, Matthias & Mast, Fred W. (2012). Moving along the mental time line influences the processing of future related words. Consciousness and Cognition, 21(3), 1558–1562. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hodge, David R., Hong, Philip Y. P., & Choi, Sangmi. (2019). Spirituality, employment hope, and grit: Modeling the relationship among underemployed urban African Americans. Social Work Research, 43(1), 43–52. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hong, Philip Y. P., & Choi, Sangmi. (2013). The employment hope scale: Measuring an empowerment pathway to employment success. International Journal of Psychology Research, 8(3). [URL]
Hong, Philip Y. P., Hong, Rana, & Choi, Sangmi. (2020). Validation of the Employment Hope Scale (EHS) among summer youth employment program participants. Children and Youth Services Review, 1111, 104811. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Ionescu, Thea. (2017). The variability-stability-flexibility pattern: A possible key to understanding the flexibility of the human mind. Review of General Psychology, 21(2), 123–131. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Irwin, Sarah. (2021). Young people in the middle: Pathways, prospects, policies and a new agenda for youth research. Journal of Youth Studies, 24(8), 1033–1051. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Jeffrey, Anne & Mehari, Krista. (2023). The primacy of hope for human flourishing. The Monist, 106(1), 12–24. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Jia, Yin, Hou, Zhijin, & Shen, Jie. (2022). Adolescents’ future time perspective and career construction: Career adaptability as mediator and hope as moderator. Journal of Career Development, 49(1), 202–217. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Jostmann, Nils B., Lakens, Daniël, & Schubert, Thomas W. (2009). Weight as an embodiment of importance. Psychological Science, 20(9), 1169–1174. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Juntunen, Christine L., & Wettersten, Katherine B. (2006). Work hope: Development and initial validation of a measure. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53(1), 94–106. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kertész, András & Rákosi, Csilla. (2009). Cyclic vs. circular argumentation in the Conceptual Metaphor Theory. Cognitive Linguistics, 20(4), 703–732. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kille, Daniel R., Forest, Amanda L., & Wood, Joanne V. (2013). Tall, dark, and stable: Embodiment motivates mate selection preferences. Psychological Science, 24(1), 112–114. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kukla, Marina, McGuire, Alan B., Weber, Kenneth C., Hatfield, Jessi, Henry, Nancy, Kulesza, Eric, & Rollins, Angela L. (2024). An investigation of employment hope as a key factor influencing perceptions of subjective recovery among adults with serious mental illness seeking community work. Behavioral Sciences, 14(3), 246. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lakoff, George & Johnson, Mark. (1980). Metaphors we live by. University of Chicago Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Leventhal, Tama, Graber, Julia A., & Brooks Gunn, Jeanne. (2001). Adolescent transitions to young adulthood: Antecedents, correlates, and consequences of adolescent employment. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 11(3), 297–323. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Li, Heng & Cao, Yu. (2025). Moving through time: The influence of body motion on temporal concepts of future in Chinese sighted and blind people. Consciousness and Cognition, 1341, 103920. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lindblom, Jessica. (2015). Embodied social cognition (Vol. 261). Springer. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lu, Jackson G., Quoidbach, Jordi, Gino, Francesca, Chakroff, Alek, Maddux, William W., & Galinsky, Adam D. (2017). The dark side of going abroad: How broad foreign experiences increase immoral behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 112(1), 1–16. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Martin, Adrienne. (2013). How we hope: A moral psychology. Princeton University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Moreau, David. (2022). How malleable are cognitive abilities? A critical perspective on popular brief interventions. American Psychologist, 77(3), 409–423. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Mouton, Angela. (2023). Hope and work: From the pandemic to possibility, purpose, and resilience. Current Opinion in Psychology, 491, 101550. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Murphy, Elijah R. (2023). Hope and well-being. Current Opinion in Psychology, 501, 101558. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Murphy, Gregory L. (1996). On metaphoric representation. Cognition, 60(2), 173–204. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Ostarek, Markus & Huettig, Falk. (2019). Six challenges for embodiment research. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 28(6), 593–599. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Paredes Aguirre, M., & Fernandez Solis, Carla. (2025). How digital self-efficacy boosts employment hope: A multigroup analysis across organizational levels. Advances in Public Health, 2025(1), 4055012. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Prentice, Deborah A., & Miller, Dale T. (1992). When small effects are impressive. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 160–164. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Razpurker Apfeld, Irene & Tal Or, Nurit. (2025). Sweet love, bitter breakup: Exploring the impact of food intake on identification with media characters. Media Psychology, 29(3), 540–565. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Santilli, Sarah, Marcionetti, Jenny, Rochat, Shékina, Rossier, Jérôme, & Nota, Laura. (2017). Career adaptability, hope, optimism, and life satisfaction in Italian and Swiss adolescents. Journal of Career Development, 44(1), 62–76. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Shapiro, Lawrence. (2019). Embodied cognition. Routledge. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Snyder, Charles R. (2002). Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 249–275. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Snyder, Charles R., Lopez, Shane J., Shorey, Hal S., Rand, Kevin L., & Feldman, David B. (2003). Hope theory, measurements, and applications to school psychology. School Psychology Quarterly, 18(2), 122–139. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Stoddard, Sarah A., & Pierce, Jennifer. (2015). Promoting positive future expectations during adolescence: The role of assets. American Journal of Community Psychology, 56(3–4), 332–341. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Sung, Yoonhee, Turner, Sherri L., & Kaewchinda, Marid. (2013). Career development skills, outcomes, and hope among college students. Journal of Career Development, 40(2), 127–145. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Thompson, Mindi N., Nitzarim, Rachel S., Her, Pa, Sampe, Maggie, & Diestelmann, Jacob. (2017). Financial stress and work hope beliefs among adolescents. Journal of Career Assessment, 25(2), 254–267. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Valero, Domingo, Hirschi, Andreas, & Strauss, Karoline. (2015). Hope in adolescent careers: Mediating effects of work motivation on career outcomes in Swiss apprentices. Journal of Career Development, 42(5), 381–395. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Varga, Somogy. (2025). Scaffolded minds: Integration and disintegration. MIT Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Watson, David, Lee, Anna C., & Tellegen, Auke. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Williams, Lawrence E., & Bargh, John A. (2008). Experiencing physical warmth promotes interpersonal warmth. Science, 322(5901), 606–607. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Williams, Lawrence E., Huang, Julie Y., & Bargh, John A. (2009). The scaffolded mind: Higher mental processes are grounded in early experience of the physical world. European Journal of Social Psychology, 39(7), 1257–1267. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Wilson, Margaret. (2002). Six views of embodied cognition. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 9(4), 625–636. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Zestcott, Colin A., Stone, Jeff, & Landau, Mark J. (2017). The role of conscious attention in how weight serves as an embodiment of importance. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 43(12), 1712–1723. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Zhong, Chenbo & Liljenquist, Katie. (2006). Washing away your sins: Threatened morality and physical cleansing. Science, 313(5792), 1451–1452. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Zwaan, Rolf A. (2021). Two challenges to “embodied cognition” research and how to overcome them. Journal of Cognition, 4(1), 14. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Mobile Menu Logo with link to supplementary files background Layer 1 prag Twitter_Logo_Blue