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In:Diachronic and Typological Perspectives on Anticausativization
Edited by Guglielmo Inglese, Giulia Mazzola and Eugenio Goria
[Typological Studies in Language 138] 2026
► pp. 153–195

Chapter 6
The causal-noncausal alternation in Akkadian

Inherited and innovated strategies

 | Hebrew University of Jerusalem
This content is being prepared for publication; it may be subject to changes.
Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the various strategies featured in Akkadian (East-Semitic) for the encoding of the causal-noncausal alternation. Akkadian could mark either the causal, the noncausal, or more rarely both alternants in the alternation. To mark causatives, Akkadian inserted its lexical roots into one of two causative templates, known as D and Š. To mark anticausatives, Akkadian marked verbal forms with the templatic morphemes t- and n-. Among inherited strategies to encode the alternation, roots more commonly make use of causative marking than anticausative marking. At least the anticausative markers are inherited from Afroasiatic, while the two causatives can only be reconstructed up to Semitic. Another strategy to mark anticausatives was innovated in Akkadian, however, and involved the productive resultative conjugation in all template patterns to denote states resulting from events with no specified causer.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Akkadian templates
  • 3.Simple verbs
    • 3.1Noncausal roots
    • 3.2Labile verbs
    • 3.3The diachrony of labile verbs
  • 4.Inherited strategies
    • 4.1The t-morpheme
    • 4.2The n-morpheme
      • 4.2.1Derived N anticausative
      • 4.2.2Base N anticausatives
    • 4.3Diachrony
  • 5.Innovated strategies
  • 6.Conclusion
  • Author queries
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • References
References (126)
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