Article outline

• 7.1Introduction
• 7.2Data
• 7.3Case study: English terms in Latin acta of William I
  • 7.3.1Anglo-Latin data as evidence for low-frequency Old English lexis
  • 7.3.2English-source items in lists of franchises
  • 7.3.3English-source items in broader contexts
  • 7.3.4Necessity criterion: Direct loans vs. cultural equivalents
• 7.4Case study: French (and Gallo-Latin) terms in Latin acta of William I
  • 7.4.1Anglo-Latin data as early evidence for (Anglo-)Norman
  • 7.4.2Norman-source items in lists of addressees and witnesses
  • 7.4.3Other Norman-source items
  • 7.4.4Norman verbs
• 7.5Chancery, chancellors, scribes, and bishops of William I
• 7.6Conclusions
• Notes
• Appendix
• Notes