Chocoan languages
267–268, 270–273, 275, 279–282, 285
Chûgoku Japanese
94; see also Japanese
Classic Warlpiri
192–193
; see also Warlpiri
Classical Latin
154
Cocoliche
155
Creoles
16–19, 20, 22, 27, 70–71, 130, 132, 281–282, 286–287, 295, 298, 300, 305, 308, 321
; see also English-based Creole languages; Portuguese-based Creole languages; Spanish-based Creole languages
Czech
235
D
Danish
86
Dutch
20, 85, 91, 93, 95–98, 110, 112–121, 298
Berbice Dutch
298
Early Modern Dutch
20, 85, 95
Iowa Dutch
115
Middle Dutch
96
Surinamese Dutch
115
Virgin Island Dutch
115
E
Egyptian Arabic
68
Emberá
266, 270, 278–280, 282–283, 286
Emberá Catío
268–270, 275, 279–280
Emberá Chamí
268–269, 275, 280
Emberá Tadó
280
English:
Australian English
182, 185
Belfast English
301
Black South African English
138
British English
20, 132–133, 135–136, 139–140, 205, 307
Canadian English
10, 50, 89
Chinese Pidgin English (CPE)
30, 295, 297, 310, 312, 322
Hong Kong English (HKE)
130, 132, 135, 303
Indian English
22, 136, 139, 140
Latinx English
78
Middle English
49–50, 301, 320
Missouri English
23, 30, 212, 225
Multicultural London English (MLE)
132–133
New Englishes
138, 140, 307
New Zealand Englishes
23, 204
Nigerian English
307
North American Englishes
50, 204–206, 228
Philadelphia English
46, 66, 206–207
Scottish English
47
Singapore English
22, 119, 138, 140
Tristan da Cunha English
21
Wisconsin English
239, 241, 244–247, 259
see also English-based Creole languages
English-based Creole languages
282, 296, 303, 305
; see also Bahamian Creole; Caribbean English Creole; Gullah; Hawai’i Creole English; Jamaican Creole English; Kriol; Nicaraguan Creole English; Providence Island Creole; San Andrés Creole English
F
Frisian
98
G
German
30, 91, 96–98, 114, 121, 234–260, 322, 324
; see also Pennsylvania German; Wisconsin German
Germanic languages
95–96
Gothic
12
Guaraní
52, 152
Guinea Bissau Portuguese Creole
276–277, 279, 281
; see also Portuguese-based Creole languages
Gullah
298; see also English-based Creole languages
Gurindji Kriol
183, 188, 195
; see also Kriol
H
Hakka Chinese
310; see also Chinese
Hawai’i Creole English
130, 132, 135, 303
; see also English-based Creole languages
Hindi
139
Hispano Romance
154
I
Ibero-Romance
279, 283
Indo-Aryan languages
139
Israeli Sign Language
23
Italian
70, 140, 155, 257, 324
J
Jamaican Creole English
282; see also English-based Creole languages
Japanese
94; see also Chûgoku Japanese
K
Kikongo
266, 276–278, 281–283, 286
Korlai Portuguese
285; see also Portuguese-based Creole languages
Kriol
51, 182–197, 322
; see also English-based Creole languages
L
Light Warlpiri
23, 30, 179–198
M
Macau Pidgin Portuguese (MPP)
310; see also Portuguese
Malay
117; see also Ambon Malay
Mandarin Chinese
310; see also Chinese
Marathi
285
Montreal French
86
N
Nicaraguan Creole English
282; see also English-based Creole languages