Chapter 6
Lexical bundles in news discourse 1784–1983
This paper aims to identify and trace the development of four-word lexical bundles characterising news discourse, using a corpus of news articles published in The Times of London between 1784 and 1983. In terms of frequency, there has been an increase until the end of the nineteenth century, followed then by a continual decrease. The explanations take into account the sociohistorical background of early newspapers, including improved technology, increased literacy and journalist movements, which in turn may have resulted in changes in news discourse. At the same time, we can see recurrent structural patterns and functions of such bundles over the two centuries, suggesting a high degree of stability underlying the use of lexical bundles, and by extension, news discourse itself.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Material and method
- 2.1Material
- 2.2Analytical steps
- 3.Results
- 3.1Frequency
- 3.2Structures
- 3.3Functions
- 4.Discussion
- 5.Conclusion
-
Notes
-
References
References
Bednarek, Monika & Helen Caple
2012 News discourse. London and New York: Continuum.

Bell, Allan
1991 The language of news media. Oxford: Blackwell.

Biber, Douglas, Stig Johansson, Geoffrey Leech, Susan Conrad & Edward Finegan
1999 Longman grammar of spoken and written English. London: Longman.

Biber, Douglas, Susan Conrad & Viviana Cortes
2003 Lexical bundles in speech and writing: an initial taxonomy. In
Andrew Wilson,
Paul Rayson &
Tony McEnery (eds.),
Corpus linguistics by the Lune: A festschrift for Geoffrey Leech (
Łódź Studies in Language 8), 71–92. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.

Biber, Douglas, Susan Conrad & Viviana Cortes
2004 If you look at…: Lexical bundles in university teaching and textbooks. Applied Linguistics 25(3). 371–405.


Bloor, Thomas and Meriel Bloor
2004 The functional analysis of English: A Hallidayan approach. London: Arnold.

Brown, Lucy
1985 Victorian news and newspapers. Oxford: Clarendon.

Chen, Yuhua & Paul Baker
2010 Lexical bundles in L1 and L2 academic writing.
Language Learning and Technology 14(2). 30–49.

Cortes, Viviana
2004 Lexical bundles in published and student disciplinary writing: Examples from history and biology.
English for Specific Purposes 23. 379–423.


Culpeper, Jonathan & Merja Kytö
2010 Lexical bundles. In
Jonathan Culpeper &
Merja Kytö,
Early modern English dialogues: Spoken interaction as writing, 103–141. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Fries, Udo & Hans Martin Lehmann
2006 The style of 18th-Century English newspapers. Lexical diversity. In
Nicholas Brownlees (ed.),
News discourse in early modern Britain. Selected papers of CHINED 2004, 91–104. Bern: Peter Lang.

Halliday, M. A. K.
1994 An introduction to functional grammar (2nd edn). London and New York: Routledge.

Harmsworth, Alfred C.
1903 Romance of the Daily Mail. London: Carmelite House.

Hyland, Ken
2008a Academic clusters: Text patterning in published and postgraduate writing.
International Journal of Applied Linguistics 18. 41–62.


Hyland, Ken
2008b As can be seen: Lexical bundles and disciplinary variation.
English for Specific Purposes 27. 4–21.


Hyland, Ken
2012 Bundles in academic discourse.
Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 32. 150–169.


Leech, Geoffrey, Paul Rayson & Andrew Wilson
2001 Word frequencies in written and spoken English: Based on the British National Corpus. London: Longman.

Liddle, Dallas
1999 Who invented the ‘leading article’?: Reconstructing the history and prehistory of a Victorian newspaper genre.
Media History 5(1). 5–18.


MacQueen, Donald S.
2009 The integration of MILLION into the English system of number words: A diachronic study. Uppsala University: Unpublished PhD thesis.

Matheson, Donald
2000 The birth of news discourse: Changes in news language in British newspapers, 1880–1930.
Media, Culture & Society 22. 557–573.


Rubery, Matthew
2009 The novelty of newspapers: Victorian fiction after the invention of the news. Oxford: Oxford University Press.


Scott, Mike
2007 WordSmith Tools (Version 4.0) [Computer software]. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Simpson-Vlach, R., & Nick C. Ellis
2010 An academic formulas list.
Applied Linguistics 31. 487–512.


Studer, Patrick
2008 Historical corpus stylistics: Media, technology and change. London and New York: Continuum.

Thompson, Geoff
2004 Introducing functional grammar (2nd edn). London: Arnold.

Vincent, David
1993 Literacy and popular culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Williams, Kevin
2010 Read all about it! A history of the British newspaper. Oxon: Routledge.

Ädel, Annelie & Britt Erman
2011 Recurrent word combinations in academic writing by native and non-native speakers of English: A lexical bundles approach.
English for Specific Purposes 31. 81–92.


Cited by
Cited by 2 other publications
Buerki, Andreas
2020.
Formulaic Language and Linguistic Change,

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 6 june 2023. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.