Cover not available
Article published In:
Asian Languages and Linguistics
Vol. 5:1 (2024) ► pp.104–131

Modern Uyghur evidentials in interrogative sentences

| Minzu University of China | Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities
Modern Uyghur has five terms for evidentiality in declarative sentences: direct, inferred-perceptive, inferential-assumptive, reportative, and quotative. The direct evidential is primarily expressed through markers of viewpoint aspect, while the remaining four terms are expressed through evidential markers and a combination of evidential markers with evidential strategies. Although most evidentials occur in interrogative sentences, not all of them do. In contrast to declarative sentences, certain evidentials are not utilized to convey evidentiality in interrogative sentences. Some of these evidentials are not present in questions when they are employed to describe the speaker’s actions, emotions, and physical condition.
In interrogative sentences in Modern Uyghur, the source of information can be either the addressee or someone else. The speaker may provide information obtained through personal observation or from a third party, seeking the addressee’s expertise. Some evidential markers serve only to confirm information, and some questions may simply be a polite repetition of the addressee’s information.
Keywords: Modern Uyghur, evidentiality, interrogative sentences, source of information, question
Article outline
  • Introduction
  • 1.Direct evidential in interrogative sentences
    • 1.1{-DI} and {-(V)vatidu}
    • 1.2{-GAn}
    • 1.3{ÄR-DI}
    • 1.4{-IDU}
    • 1.5The predicate nominal clauses and {TUR}
  • 2.The inferred-perceptive evidential in interrogative sentences
    • 2.1{-IB-DIR}
    • 2.2{ÄR-KÄN}
  • 3.The inferential-assumptive evidential in interrogative sentences
    • 3.1 oxša- in interrogative sentences
    • 3.2 däk tur- ‘seem(s) to be’ and däk ḳil- ‘appear(s) to be’ in interrogative sentences
  • 4.The reportative evidential in interrogative sentences
    • 4.1The evidential particle {Däk} in interrogative sentences
    • 4.2The evidential copula {ÄR-MIŠ} in interrogative sentences
  • 5.The quotative evidential in interrogative sentences
  • 6.Question of the information source
  • 7.Summary and concluding remarks
  • Note
  • References
Published online: 5 July 2024
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/alal.00019.yak
References (28)
References
Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. (2004). Evidentiality. Oxford University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
(Ed.). (2018). The Oxford handbook of evidentiality. Oxford University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y., & Dixon, R. M. W. (Eds.). (2003). Studies in evidentiality. John Benjamins Publishing Company. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bhadra, Diti. (2020). The semantics of evidentials in questions. Journal of Semantics, 371, 367–423. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Friederich, Michael in collaboration with Abdurishid Yakup. (2022). Uyghurisch: Lehrbuch. Reichert.Google Scholar
Johanson, Lars. (2000). Turkic indirectives. In Johanson, Lars, & Utas, Bo (Eds.). (2000), 61–87. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. (2000a). Viewpoint operators in European languages. In Dahl, Öz (Ed.), Tense and Aspect in the languages of Europe. Mouton de Gruyter, 27–187. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. (2003). Evidentiality in Turkic. In Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y., & Dixon, R. M. W. (Eds.), 273–290.Google Scholar
. (2018). Turkic indirectivity. In Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. (Ed.), 510–524.Google Scholar
. (2021). Turkic. Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. (2022). The history of Turkic. In Johanson, Lars, & Csató, Éva Ágnes, (Eds.), The Turkic Languages (2nd edition). Routledge, 83–120.Google Scholar
Johanson, Lars & Utas, Bo (Eds.) (2000). Evidentials: Turkic, Iranian and neighbouring languages. Mouten de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Lin, Qing 林青. (2019). Leixingxue shijiao xia de Hanyu Weiwueryu chuanxin fanchou biaoda duibi yanjiu 类型学视角下的汉语维吾尔语传信范畴表达对比研究 [A contrastive study of Chinese and Uyghur expressions of evidentiality from the point of linguistic typology]. Minzu Press.Google Scholar
Meliç, Benjamin S. (2016). Modelling indirect evidence. MA thesis, University of California, Santa Cruz.
Murray, Sarah E. (2017). The semantics of evidentials. Oxford University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Rentzsch, Julian. (2005). Aspekt im Neuuigurischen [Aspect in Modern Uyghur]. Harrassowitz Verlag.Google Scholar
San Roque, Lilla, & Simeon Floyd, Elisabeth Norcliffe. (2017). Evidentiality and interrogativity. Lingua, 1861, 120–143. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Tohti, Litip. (2013). Xiandai Weiwueryu de chuanju fanchou 现代维吾尔语的传据范畴 [Evidentiality in Modern Uyghur]. In Yakup et al. (Eds.), 53–72.Google Scholar
Tömür, Hämit. (1987). Hazirḳi zaman uyγur tili grammatikisi [A Grammar of Modern Uyghur]. Millätlär Näšriyati [Minzu Press].Google Scholar
. (2003). Modern Uyghur grammar (morphology). Translated by Anne Lee. Kitap Matbaası [Kitap Press].Google Scholar
Yakup, Abdurishid. (2011). Tujueyu chuanju de jiben leixing ji biaoji de zhuyao gongneng 突厥语传据的基本类型及标记的主要功能 [Evidentiality in Turkic and function of Turkic evidentiality markers]. Minzu Yuwen 民族语文 / Minority Languages and Scripts, 51, 3–14.Google Scholar
. (2013). Aertai yuxi yuyan de chuanju jiqi jiben leixing 阿尔泰语系语言的传据及其基本类型 [Evidentiality in the Altaic languages and its typology]. In Yakup et al. (Eds.), 1–38.Google Scholar
. (2013a). Weiwueryu qingtai xitong yanjiu yuliao 维吾尔语情态系统研究语料 [Annotated data for study of Uyghur modality]. In Yakup & Zhang (Eds.), 1–39.Google Scholar
. (2020). Uyghur and Uzbek, the southeastern Turkic Languages. In Robbeets, Martine, & Savelyev, Alexander (Eds.), The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages. Oxford University Press, 411–429. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. (2022). Uyghur. In Johanson, Lars, & Csató, Éva Ágnes (Eds.)., The Turkic Languages (2nd edition), Routledge, 409–423. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. (2024 forthcoming). Evidentiality in Modern Uyghur declarative sentences. In Demir, Nurettin, & Rentsch, Julian, Üzüm, Melike (Eds.), Evidentiality in Turkic Languages. Nobel Academic Press.Google Scholar
Yakup, Abdurishid, & Tohti, Litip, Zhang, Dingjing (Eds.). (2013). Aertai yuxi yuyan chuanju fanchou yanjiu 阿尔泰语系语言传据范畴研究 [Evidentiality in the Altaic languages]. China Minzu University Press.Google Scholar
Yakup, Abdurishid, & Zhang, Dingjing (Eds.). (2013a). Aertai yuxi yuyan de qingtai fenxi xing yuliao 400ju 阿尔泰语系语言的情态分析分析型语料四百句 [Modality in the Altaic languages: Analytic Linguistic materials: 400 Sentences]. China Minzu University Press.Google Scholar