Miscellaneous published in:
Asian Languages and Linguistics
Vol. 1:2 (2020) ► pp. 346–366
Notes and Discussions

The structural uniqueness of languages and the value of comparison for language description

| Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology | Leipzig University
This paper shows why it is not a contradiction to say that each language is structurally unique and must be described with its own categories, but language description profits enormously from typological knowledge. It has sometimes been suggested that the Boasian imperative (“each language should be described in its own terms”) leads to uninsightful analyses, and that language description should instead be “typologically informed”. But the Boasian imperative is not at all incompatible with an intimate connection between description and comparison: Comparative (or typological) knowledge is highly valuable both for making our descriptions transparent and comprehensible, and for helping describers to ask a wide range of questions that would not have occurred to them otherwise. Since we do not know whether any of the building blocks of languages are innate and universal for this reason, we cannot rely on general frameworks (of the generative type) for our descriptions, but we can use typological questionnaires and other kinds of comparative information as a scaffold. Such scaffolds are not theoretical components of the description, but are important methodological tools.
Keywords: language description, linguistic typology, comparative grammar, methodology of linguistics
Article outline
  • 1.Languages are comparable but structurally different
  • 2.Describing the structures of a language in its own terms
  • 3.Comparison is valuable for transparency
  • 4.Comparison is valuable for asking questions
  • 5.Scaffolds versus frameworks
  • 6.Expressing similarities between structurally different systems
  • 7.Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • References
Available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC) 4.0 license.

For any use beyond this license, please contact the publisher at rights@benjamins.nl.

Published online: 11 December 2020
https://doi.org/10.1075/alal.20032.has
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The structural uniqueness of languages and the value of comparison for language description