Article published In:
Asian Languages and LinguisticsVol. 5:1 (2024) ► pp.91–103
Corpus-based variationist linguistics
Lexical change in a century in Turkish
This paper aims to identify what archaic words/word groups were still known and used both among language speakers and Turkish National Corpus (TNC) as an indication of lexical change in Turkish from 1900 to 2020. The present study explores the diachronic variation of lexical change in Turkish by combining the corpus-based variationist sociolinguistic approach with the perspective of historical sociolinguistics. The words/collocations thought to be outdated from the original version of “Eylül” novel, written in 1900, were selected and randomly subsampled using a computer-based randomization algorithm. A survey was formed using the outdated words/collocations along with the context. The results indicated that demographical variables did not affect word knowledge and that the archaic words were unfamiliar to all participants uniformly. The overall comparison of words/collocations tested in TNC and survey indicated similar results as the most and the least frequently used words were also the most and least abundantly present in TNC.
Keywords: language change, variationist sociolinguistics, corpus-based approach, historical sociolinguistics, Eylül
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Methodology
- 2.1Corpus
- 2.2Data collection tool
- 2.3Statistical analysis
- 3.Results and discussion
- 4.Conclusion
-
References
References (29)
Aytürk, İ.
(2004) Turkish
linguists against the West: The origins of linguistic nationalism in Atatürk’s Turkey. Middle
Eastern
Studies,
40
(6), 1–25. 
Backus, A.
(2004) 26
Turkish as an Immigrant Language in Europe. The Handbook of
Bilingualism, 6891.
Backus, A., Jørgensen, J. N., & Pfaff, C.
(2010) Linguistic
effects of immigration: Language choice, codeswitching, and change in Western European
Turkish. Language and Linguistics
Compass,
4
(7), 481–495.
Bailey, G., Wikle, T., Tillery, J., & Sand, L.
(1991) The
apparent time construct. Language Variation and
Change,
3
(3), 241–264.
Bijeikienė, V., & Tamošiūnaitė, A.
(2013) Quantitative
and qualitative research methods in sociolinguistics: Study guide: a resource book for
students.
Chambers, J. K.
(1992) Dialect
acquisition. Language,
68
(4), 673–705.
(1995) Sociolinguistic theory: linguistic variation and its social significance. Oxford: Blackwell.
Chambers, J. K., & Hardwick, M. F.
(1986) Comparative
sociolinguistics of a sound change in Canadian English. English
World-Wide,
7
(1), 23–46.
Chambers, J. K., & Trudgill, P.
(1998) Dialectology. Cambridge University Press.
Çolak, Y.
(2004) Language
policy and official ideology in early republican Turkey. Middle Eastern
Studies,
40
(6), 67–91.
Erdem, M.
(2004) Eski
Anadolu Türkçesinde fiiller ve unsurları. V. Uluslararası Türk Dili Kurultayı Bildirileri
I,
20
(26), 951–958.
(2015) Türk
dillerinde belirtme-yönelme durum eki değişmesi: Bir
değerlendirme. Türkbilig,
30
1, 167–186.
Günay, V. D.
(1991) Dil
Konuşucunun Özelliğini Ne Oranda Yansıtır? Dilbilim Araştırmaları
Dergisi,
2
1, 71–74.
Huber, E.
(2008) Multilingual
Yabancı Dil Yayınları. İstanbul.
Kara, M., & Teres, E.
(2013) NEW
LEXICAL, SEMANTIC AND STRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENTS IN
TURKISH. Folklor/Edebiyat, 811.
Karahi̇sar, T.
(2013) Dijital
Nesil, Dijital İletişim ve Dijitalleşen (!) Türkçe. AJIT-e: Online Academic Journal of
Information
Technology,
4
(12), 71–83.
Labov, W.
(1990) The
intersection of sex and social class in the course of linguistic change. Language Variation and
Change,
2
(2), 205–254.
Nadasdi, T., Mougeon, R., & Rehner, K.
(2008) Factors
driving lexical variation in L2 French: A variationist study of automobile, auto, voiture, char and
machine1. Journal of French Language
Studies,
18
(3), 365–381.
Queen, R.
(2012) Turkish-German
bilinguals and their intonation: Triangulating evidence about contact-induced language
change. Language, 791–816.
Queen, R. M.
(2001) Bilingual
intonation patterns: Evidence of language change from Turkish-German bilingual
children. Language in
Society,
30
(1), 55–80.
Rehbein, J., Herkenrath, A., & Karakoç, B.
(2009) Turkish
in Germany-On contact-induced language change of an immigrant language in the multilingual landscape of
Europe. STUF-Language Typology and
Universals,
62
(3), 171–204.
Seza Doğruöz, A., & Backus, A.
(2007) Postverbal
elements in immigrant Turkish: Evidence of change? International Journal of
Bilingualism,
11
(2), 185–220.
Turan, D., Antonova-Ünlü, E., Sağın-Şimşek, Ç., & Akkuş, M.
(2020) Looking
for contact-induced language change: Converbs in heritage Turkish. International Journal of
Bilingualism,
24
(5–6), 1035–1048.
Turkish National Corpus
Wickham, H.
(2016) ggplot2:
Elegant Graphics for Data
Analysis. Springer-Verlag, New York. ISBN 978-3-319-24277-4.
Wickham, H., Averick, M., Bryan, J., Chang, W., McGowan, L. D., François, R., Grolemund, G., Hayes, A., Henry, L., & Hester, J.
(2019) Welcome
to the tidyverse. J. Open Source
Softw.
4
(
43
), 1686 (2019)
Wickham, H., François, R., Henry, L., & Müller, K.
(2023) dplyr:
A grammar of data manipulation. p156.
Yaş, E.
(2021) TÜRKÇEDE
BAZI DİL BİLGİSEL KATEGORİLERİN DEĞİŞİMİ: ZARF İŞLEVLİ KELİMELER. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal
Bilimler Enstitüsü
Dergisi,
43
1, 163–178.
Yavuzarslan, P.
(2011) Türk
dilinde kişi eklerinin tarihsel gelişimi ve değişimi. 38. ICANAS (10–15.09. 2007) Bildiriler
(Dil Bilimi, Dil Bilgisi ve Dil
Eğitimi), 1953–1966.