This paper offers an analysis of the 1991 Census language data in relation to language maintenance and shift. It draws attention to the increased diversity, the rising importance of certain languages of international and regional significance in our population and the variations in maintenance patterns. It demonstrates the variation in language shift across a number of languages and attempts to identify factors responsible for this variation. Interstate differences are also explored. Language shift is compared between the first and second generation, between communities from different countries speaking the same language, and between the 1986 and 1991 Censuses.
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2022. “It’s like the root of a tree that I grew up from….”: parents’ linguistic identity shaping family language policy in isolated circumstances. Multilingua 41:5 ► pp. 529 ff.
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Hlavac, Jim
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2012. What role can community contact play in heritage language literacy development? Japanese–English bilingual children in Sydney. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 33:2 ► pp. 167 ff.
Cavallaro, Francesco
2010. From trilingualism to monolingualism? Sicilian-Italians in Australia. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2010:206
Smolicz, Jerzy & Margaret Secombe
2009. Globalisation, Identity, and Cultural Dynamics in a Multiethnic State: Multiculturalism in Australia. In Nation-Building, Identity and Citizenship Education, ► pp. 83 ff.
Pauwels, Anne
2005. Maintaining the Community Language in Australia: Challenges and Roles for Families. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 8:2-3 ► pp. 124 ff.
Chiro, Giancarlo
2003. Cultural Maintenance and Ethnic Self‐Identification: a Model of Cultural Types. Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism 3:2 ► pp. 2 ff.
Tanaka, Koichi
1999. Characteristics of Japanese residents in New Zealand: a comparison with other ethnic groups. Asian Studies Review 23:1 ► pp. 69 ff.
Smolicz, Jerzy J.
1998. Nation‐states and globalization from a multicultural perspective: Signposts from Australia. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 4:4 ► pp. 1 ff.
Clyne, Michael
1997. Some of the Things Trilinguals Do. International Journal of Bilingualism 1:2 ► pp. 95 ff.
Clyne, Michael
1997. Multilingualism in Australia. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 17 ► pp. 191 ff.
[no author supplied]
1999. References. In Pluricentric Languages in an Immigrant Context, ► pp. 345 ff.
[no author supplied]
2009. Book Reviews. Australian Journal of Linguistics 29:3 ► pp. 393 ff.
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