Understanding signals and reading comprehension
This paper explores the issues of signals and reading comprehension. A study was made of the effect of logical connectives and paragraph headings on the reading comprehension of 577 Hong Kong Secondary 6 students learning English as a Second Language. A reading comprehension placement test with normal signals was used to create three ability groups. Four versions of a text were then produced. Version 1 was a non-signalled passage; versions 2, 3, and 4 were embedded with logical connectives, paragraph headings and these two signals in combination. All four versions had the same content and level of difficulty. All signals contributed to reading comprehension for the Low Ability Group except for logical connectives, which did not aid microstructure understanding. Implications for the teaching of reading to poor readers are discussed.
References (38)
References
Allison, D., S. Varghese, and S.M. Wu (1999) Local coherence and its limits: a second look at second sentences. Journal of Second Language Writing 8,1: 77–97.
Anderson, J.R. (1983) The architecture of cognition. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
De Beaugrande, R. (1997) New foundation for a science of text and discourse: cognition, communication, and the freedom of access to knowledge and society. Norwood, N.J., Ablex.
De Beaugrande, R. and W. Dressier (1981) Introduction to text linguistics. London, Longman.
Britton, B.K., S.M. Glynn, B.J F. Meyer and M.J. Penland (1982) Effects of text structure on use of cognitive capacity during reading. Journal of Educational Psychology 741:51–61.
Charrow, V.R. and J.C. Redish (1980) A study of standardized headings for warranties. (Technical Report No.6, Document Design Project). Washington, D.C., National Institute of Education.
Connor, U. and A.M. Johns (1990) Coherence in writing: research and pedagogical perspectives. U.S.A., Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages, Inc.
Davidson, J.E., R. Deuser, and R.J. Sternberg (1994) The role of metacogntion in problem solving. In J. Metcalfe and A.P. Shimamura (eds) Metacognition; knowing about knowing, 207–226. Cambridge, The MIT Press.
Evensen, L.S. (1985) Connectors in student writing: a methodological note. NORDTEXT Newsletter 41: 1–6.
Evensen, L.S. (1990) Pointers to superstructure in student writing. In U. Connor and A.M. Johns (eds) Coherence in writing; research and pedagogical perspectives. U.S.A., Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Language, Inc.
Geva, E. (1992) The role of conjunctions in L2 text comprehension. TESOL Quarterly 26,4: 731–747.
Geva, E. and E.B. Ryan (1985) Use of conjunctions in expository texts by skilled and less skilled readers. Journal of Reading Behaviour 171:331–345.
Glaser, R. and J.W. Pellegrino (1987) Aptitudes for learning and cognitive processes. In F.E. Weinert and R.H. Kluwe (eds) Metacognition, motivation, and understanding, 267–288. New Jersey, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Halliday, M.A.K. (1994) An introduction to functional grammar (2nd edition). London, Arnold.
Halliday, M.A.K. and R. Hasan, (1976) Cohesion in English. London, Longman.
Hartley, J., J. Kenely, G. Owen, and M. Trueman (1980) The effect of headings on children’s recall from prose text. British Journal of Educational Psychology 501:304–307.
Heath, R.L. and J. Bryant (1992) Human communication theory and research. New Jersey, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Hoey, M. (1983) On the surface of discourse. Allen and Unwin.
Hoey, M. (1991) Patterns of lexis in text. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Holley, C. D., D.F. Dansereau, S.H. Evans, K.W. Collins, L. Brooks and D. Larson (1981) Utilizing intact and embedded headings as processing aids with nonnarrative text. Contemporary Educational Psychology 61:227–236.
Irwin, J.W. (1982) The effects of coherence explicitness on college readers’ prose comprehension. Journal of Reading Behaviour 141:275–284.
Johns, A.M. (1986) Coherence and academic writing: some definitions and suggestions for teaching. TESOL Quarterly 20,2: 47–265.
Kintsch, W. and T.A. van Dijk (1978) Towards a model of discourse comprehension and production. Psychological Review 851:363–394.
Kintsch, W. (1988) The role of knowledge in discourse comprehension. The Construction-Integration model of text comprehension. Psychological Review 951: 163–182.
Loman, N.L. and R.E. Mayer (1983) Signalling techniques that increase the understandability of expository prose. Journal of Educational Psychology 751:402–412
Marshall, N. and M.D. Glock (1978) Comprehension of connected discourse: a study into the relationships between the structure of text and information recalled. Reading Research Quarterly 141:10–56.
Meyer, B.J.F. (1975) The organization of prose and its effects on memory. Amsterdam, North-Holland.
Meyer, B.J.F. (1979) Organizational patterns in prose and their use in reading. In M.L. Kamil and A.J. Moe (eds) Reading research: studies and applications. Clemson, S.C., National Reading Conference, Inc.
Meyer, B.J.F., D.M. Brandt, and G.J. Bluth (1980) Use of top-level structure in text: key for reading comprehension of ninth grade students. Reading Research Quarterly 161:72–101.
Otero, J. (1998) Influence of knowledge activation and context on comprehension monitoring of science texts. In D.J. Hacker, J. Dunlosky, and A.C. Grasser (eds) Metacognition in educational theory and practice, 145–164. New Jersey, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Reid, J. (1996) U.S. academic readers, ESL writers, and second sentences. Journal of Second Language Writing 51:129–161.
Spyridakis, J.H. (1986) Headings, logical connectives, and previews: effects on reading comprehension. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Washington.
Spyridakis, J.H. and T.C. Standal (1986) Headings, previews, logical connectives; effects on reading comprehension. Journal of Technical Writing And Communication 16,4: 343–354.
Spyridakis, J.H. (1989) Signalling effects: a review of the research, Part I. Journal of Technical Writing And Communication 19,3; 227–240.
van Dijk, T.A. (1980) Macrostructures. Hillsdale N.J., Lawrence Erlbaum.
van Dijk, T.A. (1981) Studies in the pragmatics of discourse. The Hague, Mouton.
van Dijk, T.A. (1995) In C.A. Weaver III, S. Mannes and C.R. Fletcher (eds) Discourse comprehension: essays in honour of Walter Kintsch, 383–410. New York, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
van Dijk, T.A. and W. Kintsch (1983) Strategies of discourse comprehension. New York, Academic Press
Cited by (2)
Cited by two other publications
Vasiljevic, Zorana
2013.
Assessing Learners’ Comprehension of Logical Connectives in L2 Texts.
Theory and Practice in Language Studies 3:1
Al-Surmi, Mansoor
2011.
Discourse Markers and Reading Comprehension: Is there an effect?.
Theory and Practice in Language Studies 1:12
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 30 july 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.