Article published In:
Australian Review of Applied LinguisticsVol. 8:1 (1985) ► pp.87–104
Constraints on copula realisation in learners’ language
References
Al-Jumaily, A.
1982 A developmental study of the acquisition of certain syntactic features by Arabic-speaking learners. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis. University of Edinburgh.
Anshen, Frank.
1975 Varied objections to various variable rules. In Analyzing Variation in Language, Ralph W. Fasold and Roger W. Shuy (eds.). Washington D.C., Georgetown University Press. 1–10.
Bailey, Beryl L.
1966 Jamaican Creole Syntax: a transformational approach. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press.
Bailey, Charles-James N.
1974 Variation and Linguistic Theory. Washington D.C., Georgetown University Press.
Bickerton, Derek.
1971 Inherent variability and variable rules. Foundations of Language. 71:457–492.
Cedergren, Henrietta J. and David Sankoff
1974 Variable rules: performance as a statistical reflection of competence. Language. 51:333–355.
Dahl, Osten
1979 Typology of sentence negation. Linguistics. 171:79–106. 
DeCamp, David
1968 Towards a generative analysis of a post-creole speech continuum. Paper delivered at the conference on Pidginization and Creolization of languages. Mona, Jamaica 1968 In Pidginization and Creolization of Languages. Dell Hymes (ed.) 1971 Cambridge. Cambridge University Press. 349–370.
DeCamp, David.
1971 Implicational scales and sociolinguistic linearity. Linguistics. 731:30–43.
Dickerson, Lonna J.
1975 The learner’s interlanguage as a system of variable rules. TESOL Quarterly. 91:401–407.
Ferguson, Charles A.
1971 Absence of copula and the notion of simplicity: a study of normal speech, baby talk, foreigner talk and pidgins. In Pidginization and Creolization of Languages 1971 Dell Hymes (ed.). Cambridge. Cambridge University Press. 141–150.
Guttman, Louis
1944 A basis for scaling qualitative data. American Sociological Review. 91:139–150.
Hyltenstam, Kenneth
1977 Implicational patterns in interlanguage syntax variation. Language Learning. 271:383–411.
1978 Variation in interlanguage syntax. Working Papers. Department of Linguistics. Lund University. 18.
1981 The use of typological markedness conditions as predictors of second language acquisition: the case of pronominal copies in relative clauses. Paper presented at European-North American Workshop on Cross-Linguistic Second Language Acquisition Research. Los Angeles.
Keenan, Edward L. and Bernard Comrie
1977 Noun phrase accessibility and universal grammar. Linguistic Inquiry. 81:63–99.
Kleinmann, Howard H.
1977 Avoidance behaviour in adult second language acquisition. Language Learning. 271:93–107.
Labov, William
1969 Contraction, deletion and inherent variability of the English copula. Language. 451:715–762.
Platt, John T.
1976 Implicational scaling and its pedagogical implications. Working Papers in Language and Linguistics. 41/46–60.
1979 Variation and implicational relationships: copula realization in Singapore English. General Linguistics. 191:1–14.
Platt, John T. and Heidi Weber
1980 English in Singapore and Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur. Oxford University Press.
Quirk, R., S. Greenbaum, G. Leech and J. Svartvik
1972 A Grammar of Contemporary English. London. Longmans.
Schachter, Jacqueline
1974 An error in error analysis. Language Learning. 241:205–214.
Simukoko, Youngson T.
1981 Some aspects of the English of Bantu speakers in Urban Primary Schools in Zambia. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis. University of Edinburgh.
Wolfram, Walt
1969 A Sociolinguistic Description of Detroit Negro Speech. Washington D.C. Center for Applied Linguistics.
1973 On what basis variable rules. In New Ways of Analysing Variation in English. Charles-James N. Bailey and Roger W. Shuy (eds.). Washington D.C. Georgetown University Press. 1–12.
1974 The relationship of southern white speech to vernacular Black English: copula deletion and invariant be. Language. 501:498–577.