“We are going to our Portuguese homeland!”
French Luso-descendants’ diasporic Facebook conarrations of vacation return trips to Portugal
This article combines the study of online narratives as social practices and the linguistic anthropological study of imagined communities, to examine a set of non-canonical narrative practices in a Facebook group for the Portuguese diaspora in France. Instead of reports of individual members’ past experiences, these narratives function as invitations to other group members to co-tell typical, shared experiences. Specifically, we investigate how group members share vacation trips to Portugal with each other in ways that produce a sense of collective and simultaneous experience. They accomplish this through deictically-based narrative strategies that shift the social, spatial, and temporal perspectives of narrating and narrated frames in ways that link the following: individual I’s with collective we’s, one-time events with timeless event types, and co-presence online with co-presence on vacation. Through these strategies, participants connect Facebook narrations of vacations to the larger social project of diasporic longing for and return to Portugal.
Article outline
- Interactional approaches to narrative as social practice
- Narrating nationalism
- Narrating the ethnonational we’s on Facebook
- The Portuguese diaspora in France, offline and online
- Diasporic Facebook group: Tu sais que tu viens du Portugal Quand/ You know you come from Portugal when
- Posting about vacation trips to Portugal
- Creating collectivities and simultaneities
- Anticipating departure
- Simultaneity
- Narrating shared Return to France
- Conclusion
-
Acknowledgements
-
Notes
-
References
References (85)
References
Agha, A. (2005). Voicing, footing, enregisterment. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, 15(1), 38–59.
Agha, A. (2006). Language and social relations. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Anderson, B. (1991). Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Appadurai, A. (1996). Modernity at large. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Androutsopoulos, J. (2010). The study of language and space in media discourse. In P. Auer & J. E. Schmidt (Eds.), Language and space: An international handbook of linguistic variation. Volume I: Theory and methods (pp. 740–758). Berlin/New York: de Gruyter.
Axel, B. (2004). The context of diaspora. Cultural Anthropology, 19(1), 26–60.
Bakhtin, M. (1981). The Dialogic imagination. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Basch, L., Glick-Schiller, N., & Szanton-Blanc, C. (1994). Nations unbound. Transnational projects, postcolonial predicaments and deterritorialised nation-states. Amsterdam: Gordon & Breach Science Publishers.
Basu, P. (2007). Highland homecomings: Genealogy and heritage tourism in the Scottish diaspora. New York: Routledge.
Bauman, R. (1986). Story, performance, and event: Contextual studies of oral narrative. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Bauman, R., & Briggs, C. (2003). Voices of modernity. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Benveniste, E. (1971). Problems in general linguistics. Miami: University of Miami Press.
Bernal, V. (2005). Eritrea on-line: Diaspora, cyberspace, and the public sphere. American Ethnologist, 32(4), 660–675.
Bernal, V. (2006). Diaspora, cyberspace, and political imagination: the Eritrean diaspora online. Global Networks, 6(2), 161–179.
Billig, M. (1995). Banal nationalism. London: Sage.
Brettell, C. (2003). Anthropology and migration: Essays on transnationalism, ethnicity, and identity. Walnut Creek, California: Altamira.
Charbit, Y., Hily, M. A., & Poinard, M. (1997). Le va-et-vient identitaire. Migrants Portugais et villages d’origine. Paris: Persée.
De Fina, A. (2012). Analyzing narrative: Discourse and sociolinguistic perspectives. New York: Cambridge University Press.
De Fina, A. (2016). Storytelling and audience reactions in social media. Language in Society, 45, 473–498.
De Fina, A., & Georgakapoulou, A. (2015). Handbook of narrative analysis. Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell.
Derrida, J. (1986). Declarations of Independence. New Political Science, 15, 7–15.
De Villanova, R. (1988). Le portugais: une langue qui se ressource en circulant. In G. Vermès (Ed.), Vingt-cinq communautés linguistiques de la France (pp. 283–300). Paris: L’Harmattan.
Dick, H. (2010). Imagined lives and modernist chronotopes in Mexican nonmigrant discourse. American Ethnologist, 37(2), 275–290.
Dos Santos, I. (2010). Les brumes de la mémoire. Expérience migratoire et quête identitaire de descendants de Portugais de France (Doctoral thesis). Paris: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales.
Duranti, A. (1986). The audience as co-author: An introduction. Text, 6(3), 239–247.
Eisenlohr, P. (2004). Temporalities of community: Ancestral language, pilgrimage, and diasporic belonging in Mauritius. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, 14(1), 81–98.
Fono, D., & Raynes-Goldie, K. (2006). Hyperfriends and beyond: Friend and social norms on LiveJournal. In M. Consalvo & C. Haythornthwaite (Eds.), Internet research annual Volume 4: Selected papers from the Association of Internet Researchers Conference. (pp. 91–103). New York: Peter Lang.
Gal, S., & Woolard, K. (2001). Languages and publics. Manchester: St. Jerome’s.
Georgakapoulou, A. (2015). Introduction: Communicating time and place on digital media-multi-layered temporalities and (re)localizations. Discourse, Context, and Media, 9, 1–4.
Goffman, E. (1981) [1979]. Footing. In E. Goffman, Forms of talk (pp. 124–159). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Gonçalves, A. (1996). Imagens e Clivagens: Os residentes face aos emigrantes. Porto: Edições Afrontamento.
Goodwin, M. H. (1990). He-said-she-said: Talk as social organization among Black children. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Hanks, W. (1990). Referential practice: Language and lived space among the Maya. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Haviland, J. (2005). Dreams of blood: Zincantecs in Oregon. In M. Baynham & A. De Fina (Eds.), Dislocations/relocations (pp. 91–127). Manchester, UK: Saint Jerome’s.
Heyd, T., & Honkanen, M. (2015). From Naija to Chitown: The new African diaspora and digital representations of place. Discourse, Context, and Media, 9, 14–23.
Hill, J. (1995). The voices of don Gabriel: Responsibility and self in a modren Mexicano narrative. In D. Tedlock & B. Mannheim (Eds.), The dialogic emergence of culture (pp. 97–147). Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
Jakobson, R. (1957). Shifters, verbal categories, and the Russian verb. Cambridge: Harvard University.
Jenkins, H. (2006). Convergence culture. New York: New York University Press.
Koven, M. (2002). An analysis of speaker role inhabitance in narratives of personal experience. Journal of Pragmatics, 34(2), 167–217.
Koven, M. (2004). Transnational perspectives on sociolinguistic capital among Luso-descendants in France and Portugal. American Ethnologist, 31(2), 270–290.
Koven, M. (2013). Speaking French in Portugal: An analysis of contested models of emigrant personhood in narratives about return migration and language use. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 17(3), 324–354.
Koven, M. (2016). Essentialization strategies in the storytellings of young Luso-Descendant women in France: Narrative, calibration, voicing, and scale. Language and Communication, 46, 19–29.
Koven, M., & Simões Marques, I. (2015). Performing and evaluating (non)modernities of Portuguese migrant figures on YouTube: The case of Antonio de Carglouch. Language in Society, 44, 213–242.
Labov, W. (1972). Language in the inner city. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Leal, J. (2000). Etnografias Portuguesas (1870–1970). Cultura popular e Identidade Nacional. Lisboa: Dom Quixote.
Lempert, M., & Perrino, S. (2007). Entextualization and the ends of temporality. Language and Communication, 27(3), 205–211.
Mandelbaum, J. (2013). Storytelling in conversation. In Sidnell, J. & Stivers, T. (Eds.) Handbook of conversation analysis (pp. 492–508). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Muhlhauser, P., & Harre, R. (1990). Pronouns and people: The linguistic construction of social and personal identity. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
Myers, G. & Lampropoulou, S. (2012). Impersonal you and stance-taking in social research interviews. Journal of Pragmatics 44/10: 1206–1218.
Ochs, E. (1994). Stories that step into the future. In D. Biber & E. Finnegan (Eds.), Sociolinguistic perspectives on register (pp. 106–135). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ochs, E., & Capps, L. (2000). Living narrative. New York: Cambridge University Press.
O’Connor, P. (1994). “You could feel it through your skin”: Agency and positioning in Prisoners’ stabbing stories. Text, 14(1), 45–75.
Page, R. (2012). Stories and social media. New York: Routledge.
Pereira, V. (2016). Portuguese migrants and Portugal: Elite discourses and transnational practices. In N. Green & R. Waldinger (Eds.), A century of transnationalism: Immigrants and their homeland connections. Urbana: University of Illinois.
Perrino, S. (2007). Cross-chronotope alignment in Senegalese oral narrative. Language and Communication, 27(3), 227–244.
Polanyi, L. (1979). So what’s the point? Semiotica 25 (3–4).
Rosen, C. (2007). Virtual friendship and the new narcissism. The New Atlantis, 17, 15–31.
Schiffrin, D. (1981). Tense variation in narrative. Language, 57(1), 45–62.
Silverstein, M. (1976). Shifters, linguistic categories and cultural description. In K. Basso, H. Selby (Eds.), Meaning in anthropology (pp. 11–55). Albuquergul, NM: University of New Mexico Press.
Silverstein, M. (1993). Metapragmatic discourse and function. In J. Lucy (Ed.), Reflexive language (pp. 33–57). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Silverstein, M. (2000). Whorfianism and the linguistic imagination of nationality. In P. Kroskrity (Ed.), Regimes of language (pp. 85–138). Santa Fe: School of American Research Press.
Silverstein, M. (2003). The whens and wheres – as well as hows – of ethnolinguistic recognition. Public Culture, 15(3), 531–557.
Silverstein, M. (2005). Axes of evals. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, 15(1), 6–22.
Stirling, L., & Manderson, L. (2011). About you: Empathy, objectivity, and authority. Journal of Pragmatics, 43/6, 1581–1602.
Tsuda, T. (2009). Diasporic homecomings: Ethnic return migration in comparative perspective. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press.
Urban, G. (2000). Metaculture: How culture moves through the world. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Van De Mieroop, D. (2015). Social identity theory and the discursive analysis of collective identities in narratives. In A. De Fina & A. Georgakapoulou (Eds.) Handbook of narrative Analysis (pp. 408–428). Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell.
Wagner, L. B. (2011). Negotiating diasporic mobilities and becomings: Interactions and practices of Europeans of Moroccan descent on holiday in Morocco (Doctoral thesis). London: University College London.
Wolfson, N. (1979). The conversational historical present alternation. Language, 55(1), 168–182.
Wortham, S. (1996). Mapping participant deictics: A technique for discovering speakers’ footing. Journal of Pragmatics, 25(3), 331–348.
Wortham, S. (2001). Narratives in action. New York: Teachers’ College Press.
Cited by (1)
Cited by one other publication
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 4 october 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.