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Article published In:
Current trends in analyzing syntactic variation
Edited by Ludovic De Cuypere, Clara Vanderschueren and Gert de Sutter
[Belgian Journal of Linguistics 31] 2017
► pp. 30–55

Cognitive and geographic constraints on morphosyntactic variation

The variable agreement of presentational haber in Peninsular Spanish

| KU Leuven |

In this paper, I examine whether the variation patterns of haber pluralization (e.g., hubo/hubieron fiestas ‘there was/were parties’) in Peninsular Spanish corroborate the hypothesis elaborated in earlier work that the phenomenon constitutes a competition between two variants of the presentational construction with haber that is constrained by domain-general cognitive constraints on spreading activation. In addition, this paper examines whether haber pluralization is incrementing in frequency in particular Peninsular regions and whether or not the phenomenon is spreading geographically. To meet these objectives, I analyze a dataset of more than 7,500 cases of haber + plural NP, which were culled from two publicly available data sources: the Corpus Oral y Sonoro del Español Rural (which represents only rural speakers born before the 1940s; Fernández-Ordóñez 2005-) and Twitter (which represents mainly young and middle-aged speakers). The results of a mixed-effects logistic regression analysis that tests the effects of tense, the absence/presence of negation, typical action-chain position of the noun, the regional origin of the examples, and the data sources support the competition hypothesis. This model also supports that pluralized haber is spreading westward from its epicenters (Valencia, Barcelona, and Murcia), while also incrementing in frequency in northern, eastern and southern Spain. However, its frequency appears to be declining in central Spain. A geographically more detailed, but similar picture is obtained with three generalized additive mixed models that test the effects of geography on the total dataset as well as on each of the two subcorpora.

Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Methods
    • 2.1Data
    • 2.2Statistical analysis: Mixed-effects logistic regression and generalized additive mixed modeling
  • 3.Cognitive Construction Grammar and cognitive constraints on haber pluralization
  • 4.Cognitive constraints on presentational haber pluralization
    • Markedness of coding
    • Statistical preemption
  • 5.Results
    • 5.1General distribution
    • 5.2Cognitive constraints
    • 5.3Geographic constraints
  • 6.Conclusions
  • Notes
  • References


This article is currently available as a sample article.

Published online: 23 April 2018
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/bjl.00002.cla
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