The translatability into Italian of the German stance marking modal particles wohl, eben and ja
Between epistemicity and evidentiality
Contrary to Italian and many other languages, German has a linguistic means
to mark the speaker’s stance: the so-called modal particles, such as wohl, eben
and ja. This paper examines their occurrence in a German novel and their possible
translations in its Italian version. It analyses their complex meaning arising
from the intertwined relations between speaker – hearer – state of affairs as
the three key entities of stance they mark and the textual or situational context,
concluding that they have only covert epistemic and evidential features. This
cross-linguistic analysis proves that it is impossible not only to translate them,
but also to draw a clear borderline between epistemicity and evidentiality.