Chapter published in:
Translation in Transition: Between cognition, computing and technology
Edited by Arnt Lykke Jakobsen and Bartolomé Mesa-Lao
[Benjamins Translation Library 133] 2017
► pp. 18–54

Reading for translation

|
|
|
|
|
This chapter describes an eye tracking study which compared eye movements during reading for comprehension with reading for translation. In addition, the number of target words likely to be used for the translation of a single source word was manipulated. Results showed large significant task effect on Total Reading Time, Average Fixation Duration, Fixation Count, Regression Count and Progressive Saccade Amplitude and the manipulation had a 23ms effect on first fixation durations. This is the first eye tracking study which charts the time course of the effect of translation on source text reading in detail. The results are interpreted in terms of co-activation of the two linguistic systems during translation, in line with previous studies which used different methods.
Published online: 30 September 2017
https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.133.01sch
References

References

Alves, Fabio
2003 Triangulating Translation. Perspectives in process oriented research. (Benjamins Translation Library Volume 45). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Alves, Fabio, Adriana Pagano, and Igor da Silva
2011 “Towards an Investigation of Reading Modalities in/for Translation: An Exploratory Study Using Eye-tracking Data.” In Cognitive Explorations of Translation, ed. by Sharon O’Brien, 175–196. London: Continuum.Google Scholar
Alvstad, Cecilia, Adelina Hild, and Elisabet Tiselius
(eds) 2011 Methods and Strategies of Process Research: Integrative Approaches in Translation Studies. (Benjamins Translation Library Volume 94). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Baayen, R. Harald
2011 LanguageR: Data sets and functions with “Analyzing Linguistic Data: A practical introduction to statistics”. Available at: http://​cran​.r​-project​.org​/package​=languageR.Google Scholar
Balota, David A., Alexander Pollatsek, and Keith Rayner
1985 “The Interaction of Contextual Constraints and Parafoveal Visual Information in Reading.” Cognitive Psychology, 17 (3): 364–90. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Basnight-Brown, Dana M., and Jeanette Altarriba
2007 “Differences in Semantic and Translation Priming Across Languages: The Role of Language Direction and Language Dominance.” Memory and Cognition, 35 (5): 953–965. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bates, Douglas M., Martin Maechler, and Ben Bolker
2011 lme4: Linear mixed-effects models using S4 classes. Available at: http://​cran​.r​-project​.org​/package​=lme4.
Bernolet, Sarah, Robert J. Hartsuiker, and Martin J. Pickering
2013 “From language-specific to shared syntactic representations: the influence of second language proficiency on syntactic sharing in bilinguals.” Cognition 127 (3): 287–306. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2007 “Shared syntactic representations in bilinguals: Evidence for the role of word-order repetition.” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 33 (5): 931–49. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Biemann, Chris, and Gerhard Heyer
2007 “The Leipzig corpora collection-monolingual corpora of standard size.” In Proceedings of Corpus Linguistic. Birmingham, UK, pp. 1–13.
Cai, Zhenguang G., Martin J. Pickering, Hao Yan, and Holly P. Branigan
2011 “Lexical and syntactic representations in closely related languages: Evidence from Cantonese–Mandarin bilinguals.” Journal of Memory and Language 65 (4): 431–445. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Carl, Michael, and Barbara Dragsted
2012 “Inside the Monitor Model: Processes of Default and Challenged Translation Production.” Translation: Computation, Corpora, Cognition 2 (1): 127–145.Google Scholar
Desmet, Timothy, and Mieke Declercq
2006 “Cross-Linguistic Priming of Syntactic Hierarchical Configuration Information.” Journal of Memory and Language 54 (4): 610–632. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Dimitropoulou, Maria, Jon Andoni Duñabeitia, and Manuel Carreiras
2011a “Masked Translation Priming Effects with Low Proficient Bilinguals.” Memory and Cognition 39 (2): 260–75. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2011b “Two Words, One Meaning: Evidence of Automatic Co-Activation of Translation Equivalents.” Frontiers in Psychology 2 (August): 1–20.Google Scholar
Dragsted, Barbara
2010 “Coordination of Reading and Writing Processes in Translation: An Eye on Unchartered Territory.” In Translation and Cognition, ed. by Gregory M. Shreve, and Erik Angelone. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Drieghe, Denis, Keith Rayner, and Alexander Pollatsek
2005 “Eye Movements and Word Skipping during Reading Revisited.” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 31(5): 954–969. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Duñabeitia, Jon Adoni, Maria Dimitropoulou, Oxel Uribe-Etxebarria, Itziar Laka, and Manuel Carreiras
2010 “Electrophysiological Correlates of the Masked Translation Priming Effect with Highly Proficient Simultaneous Bilinguals.” Brain Research 1359: 142–154. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Duñabeitia, Jon Andoni, Manuel Perea, and Manuel Carreiras
2010 “Masked Translation Priming Effects with Highly Proficient Simultaneous Bilinguals.” Experimental Psychology 57 (2): 98–107. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Duyck, W., and Warlop, N.
2009 Translation Priming between the Native Language and a Second Language: New Evidence from Dutch-French Bilinguals. Experimental Psychology, 56 (3): 173–179. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Ehrlich, Susan F., and Keith Rayner
1981 “Contextual Effects on Word Perception and Eye Movements during Reading.” Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 20 (6): 641–655. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Eskola, Sari
2004 “Untypical Frequencies in Translated Language: A Corpus Based Study on a Literary Corpus of Translated and Non-Translated Finnish.” In Translation Universals: Do they Exist? ed. by Pekka Kujamäki, and Anna Mauranen. (Benjamins Translation Library Volume 48). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Finkbeiner, Mathew, Kenneth Forster, Janet Nicol, and Kumiko Nakamura
2004 “The Role of Polysemy in Masked Semantic and Translation Priming.” Journal of Memory and Language 51 (1): 1–22. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Fleischer, Zuzanna, Martin J. Pickering, and Jeanette F. Mclean
2012 “Shared information structure: Evidence from cross-linguistic priming.” Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 15 (03): 568–579. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Gellerstam, Martin
1996 “Translation as a Source for Cross-Linguistic Studies.” In Languages in Contrast. Papers from a Symposium on Text-based Cross-linguistic Studies, 53–62. Lund: Lund University Press,Google Scholar
Gollan, Tamar H., Kennewth I. Forster, and Ram Frost
1997 “Translation Priming with Different Scripts: Masked Priming with Cognates and Noncognates in Hebrew-English Bilinguals.” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 23 (5): 1122–1139. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Göpferich, Susanne, Arnt Lykke Jakobsen and Inger M. Mees
(eds.) 2008 Looking at Eyes: Eye-Tracking Studies of Reading and Translation Processing. Copenhagen: Samfundslitteratur.Google Scholar
Grainger, Jonathan, and Cheryl Frenck-Mestre
1998 “Masked Priming by Translation Equivalents in Proficient Bilinguals.” Language and Cognitive Processes 13 (6): 601–623. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
de Groot, Annette M.B.
1997 “The Cognitive Study of Translation and Interpretation: Three Approaches.” In Cognitive Processes in Translation and Interpreting ed. by Joseph H. Danks, Gregory Shreve, Stephen B. Fountain, and Michael K. McBeath, 25–56. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Hemingway, Ernest
1952 The Old Man and the Sea. New York: Scribner.Google Scholar
1975 The Old Man and the Sea. London: Jonathan Cape.Google Scholar
1976 Der alte Mann und das Meer. Berlin: Suhrkamp.Google Scholar
Ivir, Vladimir
1981 “Formal Correspondence vs. Translation Equivalence Revisited.” Poetics Today 2 (4): 51–59. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Jakobsen, Arnt Lykke
2011 “Tracking Translators’ Keystrokes and Eye Movements with Translog.” In Methods and Strategies of Process Research: Integrative approaches in Translation Studies, ed. by Alvstad, Cecilia, Adelina Hild, and Elisabet Tiselius. (Benjamins Translation Library Volume 94), 37–55. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Jakobsen, Arnt Lykke, and Kristian T.H. Jensen
2008 “Eye Movement Behaviour Across Four Different Types of Reading Task.” In Looking at Eyes. Eye-Tracking Studies of Reading and Translation Processing, ed. by Susanne Göpferich, Arnt Lykke Jakobsen, and Inger M. Mees, 103–124. Copenhagen: Samfundslitteratur.Google Scholar
Jakobsen, Arnt Lykke, Inger M. Mees, and Susanne Göpferich
(eds.) 2009 Behind the Mind: Methods, Models and Results in Translation Process Research. Copenhagen: Samfundslitteratur.Google Scholar
Jensen, Kristian T.H.
2011 “Distribution of Attention Between Source Text and Target Text During Translation 1.” In Cognitive Explorations of Translation, ed. by S. O’Brien, 215–237. London: Continuum.Google Scholar
Jensen, K.T.H., Sjørup, A.C., and Balling, L.W.
2009 "Effects of L1 Syntax on L2 Translation.” In Methodology, technology and innovation in translation process research: A tribute to Arnt Lykke Jakobsen, ed. by Fabio Alves, Susanne Göpferich, and Inger M. Mees, 319–336. Copenhagen: Samfundslitteratur.Google Scholar
Jiang, Nan
1999 “Testing Processing Explanations for the Asymmetry in Masked Cross-Language Priming.” Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 2 (1): 59–75. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Jiang, Nan, and Kenneth I. Forster
2001 “Cross-Language Priming Asymmetries in Lexical Decision and Episodic Recognition.” Journal of Memory and Language 44 (1): 32–51. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kaakinen, Johanna K., and Jukka Hyönä
2010 “Task Effects on Eye Movements during Reading.” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 36 (6): 1561–1566. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kantola, Leila, and Roger P.G. van Gompel
2011 “Between- and within-Language Priming is the Same: Evidence for Shared Bilingual Syntactic Representations.” Memory and Cognition 39 (2): 276–90. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Keatley, Catherine W., John A. Spinks, and Beatrice de Gelder
1994 “Asymmetrical cross-language priming effects.” Memory and Cognition 22 (1): 70–84. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kim, Jeesun, and Chris Davis
2003 “Task Effects in Masked Cross-Script Translation and Phonological Priming.” Journal of Memory and Language 49 (4): 484–499. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Liang, Percy, Ben Taskar, and Dan Klein
2006 “Alignment by Agreement.” In Proceedings of NAACL, 104–111.Google Scholar
Loebell, Helga, and Kathryn Bock
2003 “Structural Priming Across Languages.” Linguistics 41 (5): 791–824.Google Scholar
Lund, Kevin, and Curt Burgess
1996 “Producing high-dimensional semantic spaces from lexical co-occurrence”. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 28: 203–208. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Macizo, Pedro, and Maria Teresa Bajo
2004 “When Translation Makes the Difference: Sentence Processing in Reading and Translation.” Psicológica 25: 181–205.Google Scholar
2006 “Reading for Repetition and Reading for Translation: Do they Involve the Same Processes?” Cognition 99(1): 1–34. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Malmkjær, Kirsten
2005 “Norms and Nature in Translation Studies.” Synaps 16: 13–19.Google Scholar
Mees, Inger M., Fabio Alves, and Susanne Göpferich
(eds) 2009 Methodology, Technology and Innovation in Translation Process Research: A Tribute to Arnt Lykke Jakobsen. Copenhagen: Samfundslitteratur.Google Scholar
Mees, Inger M., Susanne Göpferich, and Fabio Alves
(eds) 2010 New Approaches in Translation Process Research. Copenhagen: Samfundslitteratur.Google Scholar
Meijer, Paul J.A., and Jean E. Fox Tree
2003 “Building Syntactic Structures in Speaking: A Bilingual Exploration.” Experimental Psychology 50(3): 184–195. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
O’Brien, Sharon
(ed) 2011 Cognitive Explorations of Translation. London and New York: Continuum.Google Scholar
Paradis, Michel
2004 A Neurolinguistic Theory of Bilingualism. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
1984 “Aphasie et Traduction.” Meta: Translators’ Journal 29 (1): 57–67. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
R. Development Core Team
2011 R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Available at: http://​www​.r​-project​.org/.
Rayner, Keith
1998 “Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research.” Psychological Bulletin 124 (3): 372–422. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2009 “Eye Movements and Attention in Reading, Scene Perception, and Visual Search.” Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 62 (8): 1457–506. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Rayner, Keith, Jane Ashby, Alexander Pollatsek, and Erik D. Reichle
2004 “The effects of frequency and predictability on eye fixations in reading: implications for the E-Z Reader model.” Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance 30 (4): 720–32. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Rayner, Keith and George W. McConkie
1976 “What Guides a Reader’s Eye Movements?” Vision Research 16 (8): 829–837. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Ruiz, Carmen, N. Paredes, Pedro Macizo, and Maria Teresa Bajo
2008 “Activation of Lexical and Syntactic Target Language Properties in Translation.” Acta psychologica 128 (3): 490–500. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Salamoura, Angeliki, and John N. Williams
2006 “Lexical Activation of Cross-Language Syntactic Priming.” Bilingualism 9 (03): 299–307. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Schaeffer, Moritz J., and Michael Carl
2013 “Shared Representations and the Translation Process: A Recursive Model.” Translation and Interpreting Studies 8 (2): 169–190. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Schoonbaert, Sofie, Robert J. Hartsuiker, and Martin J. Pickering
2007 “The Representation of Lexical and Syntactic Information in Bilinguals: Evidence from Syntactic Priming.” Journal of Memory and Language 56 (2): 153–171. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Schoonbaert, Sofie, Wouter Duyck, Marc Brysbaert, and Robert J. Hartsuiker
2009 “Semantic and Translation Priming from a First Language to a Second and Back: Making Sense of the Findings.” Memory and Cognition 37 (5): 569–586. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Schoonbaert, Sofie, Phillip J. Holcomb, Jonathan Grainger, and Robert J. Hartsuiker
2011 “Testing Asymmetries in Noncognate Translation Priming: Evidence from RTs and ERPs.” Psychophysiology 48 (1): 74–81. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Schoonbaert, Sofie, Robert J. Hartsuiker, and Martin J. Pickering
2007 “The Representation of Lexical and Syntactic Information in Bilinguals: Evidence from Syntactic Priming.” Journal of Memory and Language 56 (2): 153–171. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Shreve, Gregory M., and Erik Angelone
(eds) 2010 Translation and Cognition. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Tirkkonen-Condit, Sonja
2004 “Unique Items: Over- or Under-Represented in Translated Language?” In Translation Universals: Do they Exist? ed. by Pekka Kujamäki, and Anna Mauranen. (Benjamins Translation Library Volume 48), 177–184. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2005 “The Monitor Model Revisited: Evidence from Process Research.” Meta: Translators’ Journal 50 (2): 405–414. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Tirkkonen-Condit, Sonja, Jukka Mäkisalo, and Sini Immonen
2008 “The Translation Process – Interplay between Literal Rendering and a Search for Sense.” Across Languages and Cultures: A Multidisciplinary Journal for Translation and Interpreting Studies 9 (1): 1–15. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Toury, Gideon
1995 Descriptive Translation Studies and Beyond. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Cited by

Cited by 5 other publications

Halverson, Sandra L.
2019. ‘Default’ translation. Translation, Cognition & Behavior 2:2 ► pp. 187 ff. Crossref logo
Ma, Xingcheng, Dechao Li & Yu-Yin Hsu
2021. Exploring the impact of word order asymmetry on cognitive load during Chinese–English sight translation. Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 33:1 ► pp. 103 ff. Crossref logo
Ruíz, Jason Omar & Pedro Macizo
2021. Ambiguous Sentence Processing in Translation. Psicológica Journal 42:2 ► pp. 142 ff. Crossref logo
Schaeffer, Moritz J., Sandra L. Halverson & Silvia Hansen-Schirra
2019. ‘Monitoring’ in translation. Translation, Cognition & Behavior 2:1 ► pp. 1 ff. Crossref logo
Su, Wenchao & Defeng Li
2020. Exploring processing patterns of Chinese-English sight translation. Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 66:6 ► pp. 999 ff. Crossref logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 13 september 2021. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.