List of figures

Part of

Figure 1.1The semantics-pragmatics continuum of Discourse Structuring Markers 4

Figure 1.2Hierarchy of Pragmatic Markers (drawing on Schiffrin 1987) 5

Figure 1.3Discourse Structuring Marker Trajectory Hypothesis 8

Figure 2.1Minimal architectural representation of a constructional hierarchy 26

Figure 2.2The symbolic structure of a construction (based on Croft 2001: 18) 26

Figure 3.1Steps from innovation to change 43

Figure 4.1The pragmaticality continuum of Discourse Structuring Markers 64

Figure 4.2The default symbolic structure of a DSM (based on Croft 2001: 18) 65

Figure 4.3The connectivity.schema and its chief daughters 66

Figure 4.4Discourse Structuring Marker Trajectory Hypothesis (= Figure 1.3) 73

Figure 4.5Functional split of after all (Lewis 2007: 129) 83

Figure 4.6Outline of the rise of DM uses of after all up to c1900 82

Figure 6.1A constructional model of the development of DM also 109

Figure 6.2The development of further 112

Figure 6.3The development of furthermore 113

Figure 6.4The development of moreover 115

Figure 7.1Partial model of the rise of DM but 126

Figure 7.2Partial model of the development of DSM all the same 135

Figure 7.3Partial model of the development of DSM instead 137

Figure 7.4Revised Discourse Structuring Marker Trajectory Hypothesis 137

Figure 8.1Partial model of the development of DM by the way 147

Figure 10.1The development of DM now then 187

Figure 11.1Partial model of the development of DM by the way showing the outcome of textualization, subjectification and intersubjectification 201

Figure 11.2Default features inherited at the time of constructionalization as a [[Conjunct] ↔ [DSM]] 201

Figure 12.1DM after all: main correlated tendencies between position and discourse function in COHA release 2009 and changes to them 219

Figure 12.2DM by the way: main change in correlated tendencies between position and discourse function in COHA 222

Figure 13.1A simple network with nodes 226

Figure 13.2Partial taxonomic network of the connector.Cxn in present day English 228

Figure 13.3Model of characteristics of a connector.subschema 228

Figure 13.4Dutch finite clauses as a constructional network (based on Van de Velde 2014: 150) 229

Figure 13.5Modern English ditransitive.schema 232

Figure 13.6Partial sketch of network links in the development of after all 233

Figure 13.7Partial sketch of the network change undergone by by the way c1500 234

Figure 13.8Partial sketch of changes in the development of by the way in terms of network connections and context 237

Figure 14.1Discourse Structuring Marker Trajectory Hypothesis (= Figure 7.4) 240

Figure 14.2Model of characteristics of a connector.subschema (= Figure 13.3) 241