Subject index

• acoustic channel 34–36
  • contrast87
  • features 123–124, 130, 136, 138, 144, 146, 222, 227–230, 240, 242–243 ; See also under gesture

• action formation 292, 307

• affiliation 191, 199, 272, 278, 286 ; See also disaffiliation

• ah202

• argument-focus 89 ; See also information structure

• argumentative discourse 255, 272, 278
  • function 253, 277
  • reinforcement structure279
  • sequence207

• articulation rate 10, 124, 131, 136–141, 144–146 ; See also speech rate

• articulatory effort/energy 70, 86, 94–95, 107

• attentiveness 191, 209

• auditory channel 105 ; See also sound channel

• beats: hand 164, 166, 169
  • head 159–161, 169

• boundary cues 158–159, 163, 168, 178–181

• chunks 10, 133
  • phonetic 73, 87, 95, 97, 100–101, 104, 106–107

• Cognitive Grammar 155–157

• Cognitive Linguistics 18, 39, 157

• cognitive-functional approach192

• communication 17, 27–29, 30, 32–36, 39, 70, 105, 147, 274
  • multimodal 3, 26, 28, 36, 220
  • oral 2, 12

• composite utterance 29, 33–34, 36, 193

• compositionality 16, 43, 62–63, 120–122, 127–130, 138–147, 226
  • continuum of 121–122

• comprehensibility of reduced speech 70, 72, 78

• conceptual space 60 ; See also functional space

• conjuncts 119–123, 126–130, 133–134, 143–145, 147, 156, 173, 182 ; See also coordinands

• constructional representations 15, 51, 102, 117–118, 145–146

• constructions: deictic5
  • grammatical 4–6, 10, 12–16, 29, 35, 63–65, 104, 220, 229, 242, 285–286
  • interactional201
  • kinesic222
  • morphological104
  • multimodal 5, 15, 17–18, 28, 30, 59, 193, 215, 267, 272, 279
  • multimodal grammatical 6, 27, 35
  • prosodic 13–14, 16–18, 63, 103, 286, 307
  • schematic 4, 10, 13, 18, 29, 32, 146
  • unimodal 220, 223, 246
  • verbal 14, 17–18, 57–58, 60–62, 215, 221, 240, 242 ; See also under gesture

• content words 82, 87–88, 96, 106

• Contextualization Theory221

• conventional association 4, 13, 43, 60, 104
  • expectation 43, 107
  • meaning32
  • pattern254
  • relations12
  • sound shape103
  • unit 104; See also under gesture

• conventionality 14–15, 30–32, 34, 166, 173

• conventionalization 2, 18, 30–31, 35, 44, 58–59, 64, 193, 244, 255

• Conversation Analysis 6, 118, 122, 243, 245, 254

• coordinands 155, 162–163, 165, 168–169, 178–179 ; See also conjuncts

• coordination 119–120, 126, 301

• counter-expectation 192, 201

• cross-modal collostruction 16, 241–242, 246
  • resources193

• cue validity 221–223, 242

• cultural evolution 31, 35–36

• deletion test 5, 58

• depiction 7, 27–30, 33–35

• description 7, 27–30, 33–35, 168, 170–175, 256
  • constructional 40, 49, 51–52, 62
  • grammatical 6, 12, 14, 63–64, 286

• development 31, 35–36, 39, 41, 45, 180, 302

• directive action 290, 293, 306
  • function224
  • meaning226

• disaffiliation 123, 238–241, 272 ; See also affiliation

• discourse markers (DMs) 4, 41, 92–93, 100, 291, 293, 301–302, 304–307

• discourse sequence type 154, 159, 170–173, 180–181

• discourse-structuring level162

• disjunctive topic change 293, 296, 301, 305–306

• duality of patterning 35–36

• emblems 59, 161, 169, 177–179, 222

• entrenchment 2, 5–6, 17–18, 30–32, 40, 42, 45, 58, 64, 107, 223, 226, 236

• epistemic asymmetry 194, 214
  • authority 225–226, 246, 271
  • differential 192, 213–214
  • function 59, 104
  • knowledge226
  • markers200
  • meaning76
  • state 212, 214
  • status 194, 204, 227 ; See also under stance

• epistemically oriented action 289, 293, 305

• epistemicity 192, 213–214

• evidential marker200
  • meaning214

• evidentiality 192, 213

• exclamatives 13, 39–42, 51

• extra-clausal elements 92–94, 103

• facial display 191, 215
  • expressions 1–2, 39, 52, 190–191, 193, 210, 213–215, 229
  • features 40, 61
  • movement 59, 230
  • rise203
  • variation212

• frame representation104

• frowns 161, 169, 176, 215, 230–231, 243

• function words 35, 82, 87–88, 96, 106

• functional cohesion162
  • criteria103
  • distribution 264, 271, 278
  • features 145, 254
  • gesture correlates158
  • items88
  • prototype15
  • space 58, 60–61, 64 ; (see also conceptual space)
  • specialization 214–215
  • status 291, 306
  • typology 120, 128

• gesture 1–2, 5–6, 10–12, 15–18, 54–55, 64–65, 156–157, 221–222, 265–267
  • acoustic29
  • and grammar18
  • co-speech 15, 17, 34
  • constructions 16–18, 61, 63, 65
  • conventional 16, 63
  • deictic 54–55
  • hand 155, 159, 161, 164–170, 174–175, 177–179, 181, 194, 199, 201, 206
  • head 62, 155, 164, 169, 176, 205
  • hold 197, 199, 201, 212
  • iconic 16, 62, 169
  • interactional166
  • intersubjective213
  • metaphoric 55, 164, 166
  • metonymic261
  • phases11
  • pointing 161, 166, 211
  • pragmatic 255, 271–272, 277–279
  • precision grip 271, 274 ; (see also grappolo)
  • recurrent 5, 59, 61, 192–193, 213–215
  • referential 255–258, 261–264, 268, 278–279
  • salience 56–58, 64
  • stroke196
  • symbolic179
  • unit 158, 166, 177 ; See also beats

• grammatical component166
  • contribution98
  • descriptions 6, 12, 14, 63–64, 286
  • elements39
  • function 35, 87
  • information 95–96, 106–107
  • integration 14–15, 40
  • items96
  • knowledge 7, 254
  • markers 35, 200–201
  • meaning 1–2, 87
  • organization 73, 105–107
  • status 29, 32, 87
  • theory286
  • words 88; See also constructions

• grammaticalization 6, 35, 99, 118

• grappolo 271, 274 ; See also under gesture, precision grip

• head beatsSee under beats

• head nodsSee under nods

• iconicity 32, 36

• identifiability of words 72–74, 76, 79–80, 82–87, 92–93, 102

• information structure 89, 91, 95, 102, 106, 164, 178

• inheritance 3, 10, 13, 16–17

• intensity: acoustic 228, 302, 305
  • markers of 208, 212

• interaction 1, 3, 30–31, 70–72, 89, 91, 94, 107, 117, 125, 155, 157, 163, 170, 180–181, 220–222, 224, 230, 246, 254, 263, 288, 292
  • between constructions105

• interactional account286
  • competence107
  • contexts 2, 180, 307
  • functions 13, 155, 191, 221, 236, 243, 279
  • meaning 13–14, 215, 292–293
  • practices285
  • routines286
  • sequence304
  • strategy95

• Interactional Linguistics 118, 122–123, 201, 228, 243, 245–246, 254, 285–286, 292

• intersubjective core9
  • function 191, 212
  • reaction 192; See also under gesture

• intonation 49–51, 89, 125, 133–134, 165, 167–168, 286
  • fall/falling 47, 50–51, 64, 122, 169, 206, 287–288
  • fall-to-mid 300, 302
  • phrase 295, 304
  • rise/rising 46, 51, 122, 168, 192, 199, 289, 291, 295, 299, 302–306 ; (see also under tone)
  • rise-fall 123, 165–166, 304 ; (see also under tone)
  • unit 123, 304

• intonation(al) coherence74
  • contour 3–4, 42, 52, 117, 122–123, 131–133, 160, 206–209, 287, 295
  • features 4–5, 39–40, 46, 49–52, 62, 180
  • markers132

• irony5

• joint action298

• kinesic features 221, 230–232, 240
  • form 192–193, 196, 215
  • resources 194 ; See also constructions

• left-edge position 95; See also utterance-initial position

• lexical category and phonetic reduction 87–88, 94, 106

• lists: denotation 120–121, 145
  • reformulation 119–120

• loudness 4, 286, 289, 292

• metaphoric(al)See under gesture

• metonymic(al) projection191
  • relation 222; See also gesture

• minimal phonetic information (MPI) 102, 104

• mirativity192

• modality: oral-auditory193
  • verbal 169, 179
  • visual 196, 203–204, 211, 214–215
  • visuo-gestural193
  • vocal212

• modes of communication27

• morphological categories104
  • contextual cues70
  • explanatory principle73
  • features64
  • fixedness41
  • motivation 95, 100, 104
  • structural unit 104; See also redundancy

• morphology 87, 95, 107

• Natural Language Processing (NLP) 162, 182

• negation 199, 241

• network 3, 17
  • constructional 10, 16, 46, 49, 51, 65, 122, 145–146, 245–246

• nods 29, 59, 160–161, 169, 199, 204, 222–223, 230–231, 234–235, 238–239, 241, 245, 274, 277–278

• non-propositional meaning 94, 98–99, 103–104

• obligatoriness 40, 62–64

• oh 42, 200–203, 205–206, 212–213, 215

• Palm Up Open Hand gesture 58, 272, 276–277

• paratone103

• pauses (filled, silent) 13, 158, 160, 169, 171–172, 174

• perception 38, 70, 78
  • auditory/tonal 131, 143
  • experiment 76, 79, 82
  • tests 71, 83, 92, 94

• phonetic cues4
  • distance 74–76
  • features 12–15, 18, 76–78, 80, 87, 102, 117, 124, 130, 141
  • information 4, 103
  • knowledge 105, 107
  • patterns 95, 105
  • properties 70, 78, 87, 106–107, 286, 305, 307
  • realization 74, 103, 147
  • segmentation 100, 127
  • variability 76, 133, 147 ; See also chunks

• phonetics306

• pitchSee intonation

• polar interrogatives 286–291, 294–296, 298–299, 302, 304–306

• pragmatic contribution 201, 214
  • cues70
  • features 40, 42–43, 306–307
  • functions 4, 39, 44, 46–47, 51–54, 60–61, 64, 93, 99, 163, 214, 254, 286
  • marker 104; (see also visual pragmatic marker)
  • meaning 13–14, 16, 63, 286, 307
  • motivation70
  • particles301
  • profile 287–288
  • strategy203
  • word order 102; See also gesture

• prepositions 87–88, 97–98, 106, 147

• pronunciation variants 70, 74–75, 77–78, 102

• propositional content 41–42, 50, 103, 155, 224, 255
  • meaning 5–6, 99–100, 162 ; (see also non-propositional meaning)

• prosodic boundaries 158, 163
  • continuity167
  • cues 4, 306–307
  • features 3–4, 13–14, 46, 63–65, 95, 199, 221, 230–231
  • host94
  • profile 127, 136, 144, 146
  • properties 98, 103
  • unit 158, 175, 209
  • word 93; See also constructions; salience

• prosody 1, 4, 10, 13–14, 18, 71, 89, 103, 155–158, 160, 163, 165, 168, 209, 286, 292, 307

• prototypes 15, 221–222, 242–244, 246

• redundancy97
  • morphological 93, 96

• qualitative analysis 154, 168, 180, 200–201, 228
  • differential in discourse212

• quantitative analysis 131, 180–181, 229
  • approach228

• raised eyebrows 52, 58–62, 64, 191, 233–236, 240–242, 244, 246 ; See also under turn-final; turn-initial; turn-medial

• Raised Index Finger gesture 271, 275

• recognition 32, 39–40, 52, 57, 191–192, 204, 212, 214
  • automatic 127, 162

• redundancy97
  • morphological 73, 96

• reformulation 91–92, 119, 269, 291 ; See also under lists

• rejection 53, 241, 251, 268

• repair 263, 300
  • initiation 70, 288–289, 295, 305
  • other- 289, 295
  • self-300

• request/requesting 44, 94, 223–227, 230–236, 239–244, 288–289, 291, 295–296, 299–300

• Ring gestures 169, 271

• salience 56–58, 61, 64, 178, 201, 206, 208–209, 212–214
  • perceptual87
  • prosodic 199, 289, 305
  • vocal 208See also gesture

• sarcasm 5, 241

• second assessment 226, 246

• self-repairSee under repair

• semantic classification147
  • consistency163
  • features 127, 130, 156, 306
  • field 192, 200–201, 212
  • fluency179
  • pole166

• semantics: deictic43
  • predictable 43, 73, 144

• sentence-focus 91; See also information structure

• sequential position 194, 196–197, 200–201, 210, 212, 214–215, 306

• shakes 161, 169, 199, 221, 228, 230–231, 233, 241

• sign(ed) languages 6, 34, 36, 62, 162

• signs 35, 62–63, 161
  • symbolic 29, 34–35
  • unimodal220

• sound channel 29; See also acoustic channel; auditory channel

• speech: comprehensibility 70, 72, 78
  • pathological182
  • rate 4, 10, 70, 124, 131, 136–137, 144–146, 167, 174 ; (see also articulation rate)
  • spontaneous 117, 122, 125, 144, 147, 158, 174, 182

• stance 59, 123, 194, 211, 239, 272, 277
  • epistemic 73, 224, 227, 271
  • visual199

• surprise 59, 191–192, 202–204, 212, 214, 289

• syllable duration 10, 124, 131, 136–137, 144

• symbolic assemblies 157, 165, 168, 179–180
  • descriptions35
  • function178
  • meaning180
  • structures 155, 157, 162 ; See also gestures; signs

• syndesis 119, 127–130, 133, 138–144

• textual marker301

• Throwing Away gesture 10–11, 16–17, 58

• tilts 58–59, 161, 169, 228, 230–231, 234–235, 238–239, 241, 245

• tonal parallelism 122–123, 134–135, 141–146

• tone 132–134, 169
  • rising 165–168, 202–203, 210–211, 213
  • rising-falling 165–166
  • units 155–156, 160, 162, 165, 167, 170, 172 ; See also intonation

• tonic accent 195, 197–199, 201, 208–209, 212

• topic change 286, 306
  • proffer 294, 296, 299–300, 302, 304–306
  • transition306

• topic-focus 87, 89, 92, 95, 98, 102–103 ; See also information structure

• turn: conversational 39, 41–43, 45, 50, 103, 125, 173, 175, 194, 199–200, 204, 214, 225, 236–237, 244, 255, 272, 289, 307
  • head 230–231, 233, 240–241
  • multimodal196
  • constructional unit (TCU) 294–300, 306

• turn-final position 194, 196, 199–200, 210, 212–213, 215
  • raised eyebrows 201, 213

• turn-initial position 41, 50–51, 194, 196, 198–201, 204, 212, 214–215, 255, 269, 278
  • raised eyebrows 199, 201, 213

• turn-medial position 194, 196, 199–200, 206, 209, 212, 293, 297
  • raised eyebrows 201, 213

• unimodal collostructions222
  • signs 220; See also constructions

• utterance 35, 74 (see also composite utterance)
  • boundary 92–95, 100

• Utterance Construction Grammar 221–222

• utterance-final word 92, 95, 100

• utterance-initial position 93–94, 96 (see also left-edge position)
  • word string82

• variable elements34
  • density of occurrence196
  • pronunciation75
  • word types75

• verbal features 155, 180, 222 ; See also constructions; modality

• visual channel 28–29, 34, 36
  • features 222, 227–230, 240, 242–243
  • pragmatic marker 192, 194, 214–215 ; See also modality

• vocal features 154, 180, 215
  • forms 155–156, 162, 202, 215
  • markers208
  • realization 165, 167
  • resources 192–193
  • rise203
  • units 208–209 ; See also modality

• word reduction rate (WRR) 73, 76–78
  • distribution 80–81, 88–90, 93–94, 102, 107
  • method 74, 76–78
  • patterns 100–101, 103