Assuming that quoting utterances and thoughts is a universal property of natural languages, sign languages are also expected to have various linguistic means to mark quotation. Like spoken languages, sign languages have regular forms of indirect reported speech. However, sign languages mostly draw on a specific grammatical means for quotation called role shift. Role shift is a particularly interesting form of reported speech that combines properties of both direct and indirect speech. Based on a pilot corpus study, we discuss the formal and functional properties of role shift in German Sign Language (DGS). We argue that role shift can be analyzed as a nonmanual agreement operator that overtly agrees with the signer and the addressee of the reported utterance and triggers a context shift from the actual context to the context of the reported utterance.
2015. Quotation, demonstration, and iconicity. Linguistics and Philosophy 38:6 ► pp. 477 ff.
Frederiksen, Anne Therese & Rachel I. Mayberry
2019. Reference tracking in early stages of different modality L2 acquisition: Limited over-explicitness in novice ASL signers’ referring expressions. Second Language Research 35:2 ► pp. 253 ff.
Haiman, John
2020. Showing and not telling in a sign language. In Meaning, Life and Culture: In conversation with Anna Wierzbicka, ► pp. 291 ff.
2016. Children mix direct and indirect speech: evidence from pronoun comprehension. Journal of Child Language 43:4 ► pp. 843 ff.
Maier, Emar & Markus Steinbach
2022. Perspective Shift Across Modalities. Annual Review of Linguistics 8:1 ► pp. 59 ff.
Patel-Grosz, Pritty, Patrick Georg Grosz, Tejaswinee Kelkar & Alexander Refsum Jensenius
2022. Steps towards a Semantics of Dance. Journal of Semantics 39:4 ► pp. 693 ff.
Patel-Grosz, Pritty, Salvador Mascarenhas, Emmanuel Chemla & Philippe Schlenker
2023. Super Linguistics: an introduction. Linguistics and Philosophy 46:4 ► pp. 627 ff.
Sandler, Wendy
2018. The Body as Evidence for the Nature of Language. Frontiers in Psychology 9
Steinbach, Markus
2023. Angry lions and scared neighbors: Complex demonstrations in sign language role shift at the sign-gesture interface. Linguistics 61:2 ► pp. 391 ff.
Steinbach, Markus & Edgar Onea
2016. A DRT Analysis of Discourse Referents and Anaphora Resolution in Sign Language. Journal of Semantics 33:3 ► pp. 409 ff.
Vandenitte, Sébastien
2022. Making Referents Seen and Heard Across Signed and Spoken Languages: Documenting and Interpreting Cross-Modal Differences in the Use of Enactment. Frontiers in Psychology 13
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