Index

• abstract concepts1, 4–6, 23, 74–75, 86–87, 97–100, 129, 169–170, Chapter 11, 248–249, 293, 304, 306, 343–344

• acidity19, 26, 34, 38, 80, 130, 135–138
  • acidity is a high-pitched sound136–137
  • acidity is a sound137
  • alcohol/acidity is heat138
  • acidity is light136–137

• acquisition Chapter 17,see also development

• action132–133, 223–224, Chapter 13, 334, 356

• active187, 278, 351,see also action, touch
  • active conceptual frame332–334
  • active nouns56
  • active touch Chapter 11
  • active verbs77

• adjacency pairs256–258, 269

• aesthetic23, 25–26, 37, 39, 127

• affect57, 348, 361
  • affecting is touching48, 57
  • affection is warmth171

• American Sign Language279–280, 293, 297, 303, 305–306, 317

• ancient culture146

• anthropomorphic language131–132

• antonyms322

• apprehend24, 26, 35

• Arabic194, 196–197, 201–202

• argument is war170–171, 173, 214

• Aristotle29
  • Aristotelian hierarchy of senses,see Hierarchy of the Senses
  • Aristotelian senses117, 155

• Armenian191, 201

• aroma20, 79, Chapter 7, 331,; see also fragrance, odour, olfaction, smell

• articulation5, 9–10, 58, Chapter 14, Chapter 15

• ASLsee American Sign Language

• assertion5, Chapter 13, 354, 359, 361

• atmosphere
  • the general atmosphere of something is a gustatory perception336
  • the general atmosphere of something is a spiritual perception336
  • the general atmosphere of something is a tactile perception335
  • the general atmosphere of something is a visual perception336
  • the general atmosphere of something is an auditory perception335
  • the general atmosphere of something is an olfactory perception48, 77, 335

• attemptive meaning355

• audio recordings Chapter 17

• auditory modality2, 4, 18, 20–22, 25, 109, 112, 114, 118–119, 130, 133, 136–137, Chapter 9, 198–199, 204, 288–299, 297, 304, 316–318, 328, 335, 359–360,see also sound
  • the general atmosphere of something is an auditory perception335

• Australian languages10, 55, 239, 351

• Austrian Sign Language280, 297

• Balanced Corpus of Estonian Chapter 12

• basic meaning25, 39, 175, 216–217

• Basque49–50, 56, 59, 77

• Behavioural Profile Analysis Chapter 12

• Besleney Kabardian191

• bible17, 364–365

• bidirectional79–80, 118

• biological4, 46, 53, 278

• BISINDOsee Indonesian Sign Language

• bitter19, 21, 23, 26–27, 38, 56, 80, 88, 96, 198, 338, 352

• blind5, 19, 23, 27, 30, 282, 285–286

• BNCsee British National Corpus

• body parts189, 277–278
  • a nation is a body129

• Bosavi Chapter 17

• BP analysissee Behavioural Profile Analysis

• brain2, 4, 22, 112, 116, 119, 213, 337–338

• Brazilian Sign Language288, 293, 297

• bridging context256, 271

• brightness18, 109, 341–342

• British National Corpus176, Chapter 11

• British Sign Language279, 284, 289, 293–295, 297–298

• BSLsee British Sign Language

• C.It.see Italian

• CAsee Conversation Analysis

• Canberra distance237–239

• Catalan Sign Language58, 303, 363

• causation
  • causation is forced motion172,; see also force
  • causes are forces343–344,; see also force
  • causing smell is transferring the object340
  • effect for cause68

• ception140

• change
  • change is motion11, Chapter 9
  • change of state172, 175

• child-caregiver interaction Chapter 17

• Chinese18, 86, 108, 194–196, 201–202

• Chinese Sign Language5, 279–280, 282, 285, 290, 297

• Christianity364–365

• claim Chapter 13

• Classical Latinsee Latin

• classifiers10,Chapter 8

• CMTsee Conceptual Metaphor Theory

• codability270, 329

• cognition6, 9–10, 51, 54–56, 60, 78, 140, 181, 185, 256, 271, 278, 286, 293, 299, 304, 311, 313–314, 323, 348

• cognition is perception54–55, 60

• cognitive86–87, 97–100, 112, 129–130, 140, 158–159, 182, 188, 203, 299, 303–304, 313–314, 330–332, 334
  • cognitive accessibility111

• cognitive linguistics Chapter 3,119, 128, Chapter 8, 165, Chapter 11, 237, 328

• cognitive semantics56, 67, 232, 234, 329

• colexification Chapter 10

• collocation216–218, 225, 330, 339–344

• colour2–3, 17–18, 21, 28–34, 37–40, 72, 94, 112–115, 120, 130, 136, 138–139, 177, 187, 198–199, 328

• combinability190, 200, 203

• communicating is showing48

• communication is sending305

• compensatory strategy140

• complete linkage method237

• composure70, 74,; see also emotion

• conceptual metaphor theory45–47, 74, 80–81, 129, 150, 166, 168–174, 212, 214, 303–304, 314, 328, 330, 335, 337, 344

• concrete concepts1, 4–6, 68, 78, 129, 212–213, 242, 304

• conditional241, 267, 269–270

• conduit metaphor181

• conflation348, 357

• contact39, 52–55, 111, 150–151, 155–156, 189, 211, 213, 224, 239, 336, 342–343, 360
  • emotional effect is physical contact156, 336
  • sensing an intense smell is coming into contact with a strong physical force342
  • sensing is contact343
  • the experiencer of an intense smell is a person coming into abrupt physical contact with a strong physical force342

• Contemporary Italiansee Italian

• contextual meaning174–175, 216

• control48, 220, Chapter 16, 356–357, 360
  • domain of control is range of vision48

• conventionalised57, 135, 305–306, 312, 330

• conversation10–11, 176, Chapter 13, 305, 336,Chapter 17

• conversation analysis Chapter 13

• co-occurrence patterns186

• coptic147, 151, 159

• corporeal129,; see also embodiment

• corpus10–11, 49–50, 65–66, 69, Chapter 5, 113–114, Chapter 7, 157–158, Chapter 9, Chapter 10, Chapter 11, Chapter 12, Chapter 17

• Corpus of Written Estonian235–236

• critics
  • wine critics Chapter 7
  • music critics Chapter 9

• cross-cultural18

• cross-linguistic7, 10–11, Chapter 3, Chapter 10, Chapter 14, Chapter 17

• cross-modal8, Chapter 6, 130, 135, 138–139, 199–200, 204, 341–342

• cross-sensory21, Chapter 7

• culture8–9, 46, 55, 59, 305, 320, 323

• CzSLsee Czech Republic Sign Language

• Czech Republic Sign Language293–294, 297

• deaf19, 30, 119, 153, Chapter 14, Chapter 15

• deaf cultureChapter 15

• deduction362–363

• deictic175, 179, 360

• demotic147,; see also Egyptian

• desemanticisation293

• determinatives148

• development23, 213, Chapter 17
  • diachronic development Chapter 2, Chapter 5,159, 200
  • grammatical development290–291

• DGSsee German Sign Language

• diachrony7, Chapter 4, Chapter 5, Chapter 8

• dictionaries Chapter 4, Chapter 5, Chapter 8,170, 174–175, Chapter 10, Chapter 11, 235, Chapter 15, Chapter 16, 355, 360

• Digital HumanitiesChapter 4

• directionality4–8, 11–12, 68, 71, 74, Chapter 5, 108, 130–131, 178, 200

• disagreement39, 259–263

• discourse43–45, Chapter 7, Chapter 9, Chapter 13, Chapter 17
  • discourse markers50, Chapter 13

• disgust23, 29, 31

• disputesChapter 13

• distal senses3, 53, 73, 81, 304

• distribution45–46, 49, 53–55, 60, 100, 134, 186

• DMCsee double mapping constraint

• domain matrix339

• double mapping constraint304–305

• double-stage metaphor281–285

• dreams235, 238, 243–244, 246

• dust19, 30–31, 35–36, 38

• ear10, 30, 58–59, 152–153, 199, 277–278, 287–288, 293, 297, 308, 316–319, 323–324

• echoic18, 20, 22–23, 39, 114,; see also onomatopoeia, sound symbolism

• EgyptianChapter 8

• emblemsChapter 3

• embodiment1–2, 4, 6, 11, 46, 51–55, 60, 119, 150, 209, 212, 226, 231, 233,; see also body

• emotion3–4, 23–24, 30, 34, 49, 67–68, 74–75, 107, 112–114, 119, 121, 152, 156–159, 167, 186, 200, 204, 278, 333–339, 343, 361
  • emotional effect is physical contact156, 336
  • emotion is feeling336–337
  • emotion is perception157, 333, 336–337
  • emotion is smell157–158, 336–337
  • emotion is taste157–159, 337–338
  • emotion is touch157–158, 336–337

• English3, 9, Chapter 2, 47, 49–50, Chapter 4, 86–88, 97–98, 106, 108, 113, 117, Chapter 7, 155–156, Chapter 9, 187, 190–192, 200–202, Chapter 11, Chapter 13, 295, 310, 318, Chapter 16, 347–348, 351, 361–363

• entrenchment248

• ESLsee Estonian Sign Language

• EstonianChapter 12

• Estonian Sign Language297

• etymology Chapter 2, Chapter 4, Chapter 5,155, Chapter 11

• Euclidean distance242–245

• evaluation48, 52–53, 80, 89, 107, 112–114, 121–122, 150–151, 157, 192, 200–201, 204, 320–324, 338–339, 362–363,see also negative/positive connotation, emotion, valence
  • evaluation is smell48, 322
  • negative evaluation89, 200–201, 320–322
  • negative evaluation is bad smell322
  • positive evaluation or valence8, 20, 56, 89, 113–114, 137, 190, 191, 200–204, 320, 322, 338–339, 343–344

• events Chapter 9,157, 244–246, Chapter 13, 317, 332, 336, 339, 343, 352, 356–357

• Event Structure Metaphor Chapter 9,339

• evidence49, Chapter 13, 291, 293

• evidentials59, Chapter 13, 352, 357, 362, 364

• excitement33, 74,; see also emotion

• existence
  • existence is being in a container340–341, 344
  • existence is possession340
  • (causing) existence is transfer340

• experiencing
  • experiencing is tasting159
  • experiencing something is tasting48

• experiments22, 66, 109, 112, Chapter 12, 322, 348

• experts11, Chapter 7, Chapter 9

• extra-linguistic111, 185–186

• eye5, 10, 27, 33, 152–153, 159, 239, 245, 278, 282–284, 287–288, 290–293, 295, 297, 308–311, 313–316, 318–319, 322–323
  • eyebrow276, 320
  • eye gaze29, 34, 276, 310

• Farsi9

• fear74, 119, 156, 333–335, 337,; see also emotion

• feeling20, 24, 35–37, 39, 50–51, 69–70, 75, 129, 132–135, 139, 153–157, 159, Chapter 11, 246, 277–278, 298, 331, 335–336, 360–361,see also touch
  • smell is touch/feeling342

• feelings5–6, 24, 37, 43, 48, 51, 56–57, 157, 159, 249, 294, 331, 336–338,see also emotion
  • having negative feelings is smelling48
  • producing a feeling is tasting (enjoying/disliking)48

• fictive motion11, Chapter 9,; see also subjective motion

• FinnishChapter 12

• Finno-UgricChapter 12

• five senses model3, 29, 117, 122

• flavour7, 19, 21, 23, 31–32, 34–35, 80, 116, Chapter 7, 331, 362,; see also smell & taste

• force32, 135, 137, 172, 212, 221, 240, 342–344,see also causation
  • causes are forces343–344
  • causation is forced motion172
  • intense smell is a strong physical force342
  • sensing an intense smell is coming into contact with a strong physical force342
  • smell is a physical force342
  • the experiencer of an intense smell is a person coming into abrupt physical contact with a strong physical force342

• fragrance20, 38,see also aroma, odour, scent
  • sweet fragrance106–107, 114, 116–120

• frames131–133, 138, Chapter 10, Chapter 16

• FrameNetChapter 5

• free sorting taskChapter 12

• French20, 27–28, 31–32, 34–36, 59, 156–157, 159, Chapter 10

• French Sign Language294, 297

• frequency
  • frequency of occurrence45–46, 90, 96, 99–100, 110, 114, 174–177, 215, 241, 248, 270
  • sound frequency118, 166

• friction189–190

• generic metaphors328, 344

• genre45, Chapter 7, 146, Chapter 9

• Genre AnalysisChapter 7

• German17, 26, 31, 108, 147, 156–157, 188, 213, 233, 248

• German Sign Language297

• gesture10, 57–59, 61, 181, 282

• goal211, 240–246, 249

• grammaticalisationChapter 14

• Greek19, 25–28, 30, 33, 39, 56, 87, 108

• Greek Sign Language294–295

• GSLsee Greek Sign Language

• gustation2, 17, 19–22, 106–107, 113, 116–118, 120, Chapter 7, Chapter 8, 198, 218, 336, 362,see also taste
  • the general atmosphere of something is a gustatory perception336

• hand orientation276–277, 313

• handshape276–278, 295, 306, 310–313, 316, 321

• haptic198–199, 204, 277–278,; see also touch

• harmony136, Chapter 9

• harsh20, 26–27, 32, 92, 96, 136

• hearing7, 9–10, 19, 21–22, 25, 30, 32–33, 38, 48–49, 51, 53–55, 57–59, 72–73, 80, Chapter 5, 134–136, 139, 152–153, 169, 199, 239, 276, 278, 281, 288–289, 294–297, 299, 305, 307, 310, 316–318, 320, 328, 338, Chapter 17
  • being receptive is hearing48
  • being told is hearing48
  • being trained is being heard48
  • having an agreement is hearing48
  • hearing to knowing288–289, 294, 299
  • obeying is hearing48–49
  • paying attention / heeding is hearing48
  • seeing is hearing328
  • understanding is hearing48

• Hierarchical Cluster AnalysisChapter 12

• hierarchy of the senses7, 73, Chapter 5, 108, 130–131

• hieratic147

• hieroglyphicsChapter 8

• historical perspective Chapter 4, Chapter 5,Chapter 8

• Historical Thesaurus of EnglishChapter 4

• Icelandic Sign Language293, 297

• iconicity114, 146, Chapter 14, Chapter 15

• ID-tagsChapter 12

• ideas
  • ideas are food158, 214
  • ideas are locations225
  • ideas are (physical, solid, manipulable) objects214, 225

• ideophones352, 360

• idioms295, 297, Chapter 15

• image schema212–213, 234, 237–240, 246

• imagery112, 140
  • imagining is seeing47, 49

• Indian Sign Language5, Chapter 14

• indirect meaning51, 54, 174–176, 225

• Indo-European9, Chapter 2, 87, 97, 157, Chapter 10, 232, 239, 248

• Indonesian Sign Language279, Chapter 14

• ineffability2, 5, 270, 329–330

• information-seeking359

• insensitive27

• institution for the people who work in the institution68

• intellect5, 8–9, 24–27, 32–33, 37, 49, 150, 152, 159, 236, 256, 271, 304, 311, 323, 354–355

• intelligence25, 27–28, 33, 37, 239, 248–249

• intensity6, 28, 32–33, 133, 137, 200–201, 238, 240, 339, 341–344
  • intensity is brightness341–342
  • intensity is quantity342
  • intensity is sharpness341–342
  • intensity is strength341–344
  • intensity of smell is quantity of a substance341
  • intensity of smell is the degree of brightness of light341–342

• interaction Chapter 13,Chapter 17

• International Sign280

• intonationChapter 13

• intrafield Chapter 1, Chapter 5,152, 155, 176, 204

• intuition48, 56, 59, 245, 247, 249, 281, 289, 291–294

• ISsee International Sign

• ISLsee Indian Sign Language

• Israeli Sign Language280, 290–294, 297

• IsraelSLsee Israeli Sign Language

• Italian7, 58–59, Chapter 5, 108, 198–199

• Italian Sign Language297

• ÍTMsee Icelandic Sign Language

• Japanese187, 193–194, 213, 278, Chapter 15

• Japanese Sign Language278, 297, Chapter 15

• joint attention353

• JSLsee Japanese Sign Language

• KaluliChapter 17

• Kata Kolok278

• kinaesthesia17–18, 24–25, 211, 226

• knowing5–6, 9–10, 24–25, 36, 39–40, 47–48, 51, 56, 59, 87,158–159, 236–240, 242–244, 246, 282, 286, 285–290, 294, 299, 309, 314–315, 328, 354–355, 365
  • an aid to knowing is a light source47
  • hearing to knowing288–289, 294, 299
  • knowing from a ‘perspective’ is seeing from a point of view47
  • knowing is hearing48
  • knowing is seeing47, 286, 289, 294, 299, 328
  • knowing is tasting6, 48, 159
  • sensing (knowing intuitively) is smelling48, 56, 59, 134, 212, 342–343
  • seeing to knowing47, 286, 289, 294, 299, 328

• knowledge5, 9, 25, 37, 40, 47, 51, 54–55, 59, 78, 87, 129, 158, 240, 249, 352–355, 357, 363
  • acquiring knowledge is eating158
  • impediments to knowledge are impediments to vision47

• Kpelle9

• landmark180, 189

• language socialisationChapter 17

• language universals2, 6–7, 9, 46, 55, 59, 159, 166

• Lat.see Latin

• Latin7, 18–20, 23, 25–39, Chapter 5, 155–156, 159, 198, 222–224

• Latvian Sign Language280, 297

• learning5, 23, 26, 37, 288, 307–308, 314–315, 347–348, Chapter 17

• lexical
  • lexical approachChapter 16
  • lexical classifiersee classifiers
  • lexical distributionsee distribution
  • lexical domain185, 187
  • lexical field185–186
  • lexical marking191–193
  • lexical meaning representation114, 116, 286, 289
  • lexical polysemysee polysemy
  • lexical senses86,; see also senses
  • lexical typologysee typology
  • lexical unit174–177, 216–217, 234

• lexicalisation Chapter 3,191–197, 203

• LGPsee Portuguese Sign Language

• LIBRASsee Brazilian Sign Language

• life is a journey149

• light17–18, 21, 24, 28–34, 36, 39, 53, 91, 109, 120, 133, 136–138, 339, 341–342
  • acidity is light136–137
  • an aid to knowing is a light source47
  • intensity of smell is the degree of brightness of light341–342
  • light touch136
  • light weight9, 166

• linguistic anthropology66

• linguistic codabilitysee codability

• linguistic synaesthesiasee synaesthesia

• LISsee Italian Sign Language

• listening48, 58, 287, 350–351, 358, 360, 363–365
  • taking something seriously is listening48

• literacy364–365

• location of articulationChapter 15

• logogram147–148

• look19, 22, 29, 32, 36, 38–39, 47–48, 50, 132, 232, 236, 265, 283–284, 310, 312, 314–315, 331, 336, 347–348, 350–354, 357, 363–365
  • paying attention is looking at48

• loud8, 19–21, 28, 32–34, 80, 109, 112–114, 121, 130, 136–137, 139, 198–199, 328

• love is a journey45–46, 214

• love and friendship74,; see also emotion

• LSCsee Catalan Sign Language

• LSEsee Spanish Sign Language

• LSFsee French Sign Language

• LSLsee Latvian Sign Language

• Mapping Metaphor6, Chapter 4

• material culture146

• mathematical concepts181

• meaning loss Chapter 5,292

• medium22, 187, 211

• melody11, 21, 38, 107, 112–113, 118–119, 167, 169, 178, 180–181

• memory25, 171, 180, 306

• mental metaphors9, 24, 33, 35–37, 39, 49, 68, 72, 75, 77–78, 97–98, 152, 158–159, 199, 204, Chapter 11, 271, 313–314, 348, 354
  • smelling is mental detection78

• mental imagerysee imagery

• mental scanning11, 173, 179, 181–182

• Metaphor Identification Procedure68, 174–176, 216

• metonymy68, 119–121, 130, 139, 181, 232, 278, 311, 314, 317

• Middle EnglishChapter 2

• mind
  • mind-as-body47, 87, 214, 356
  • mind is a container214, 225
  • mind is a tool225
  • mind is an entity225
  • MIPsee Metaphor Identification Procedure

• MIPVUsee Metaphor Identification Procedure

• missionisation349, 353, 364–365

• modification311–313

• monosensory140

• Moscow Semantic School186

• motion11, 29, 33, 133, Chapter 9, 187, 211, 217–218
  • form is motion173

• motivation Chapter 3,137, Chapter 9, 287, 289, 306

• mouth17, 115–116, 129, 133–134, 138–139, 150, 152, 159, 213, 278, 292–295, 297, 306, 320, 336

• mouthfeel129, 131–132, 135–136

• mouthing284, 309

• movement37–38, Chapter 9, 189, 211, 220, 223, 232, 234, 276–278, 282–284, 294–295, 297, 303, 305–306, 310–313, 316

• multimodal3, 46, 58–61, 115

• multisensory7, 54, 107, 115, 118, 122, 218

• music6, 10–11, 20, 29, 33, 113, 121, 131–133, 135–136, Chapter 9, 192
  • circle of fifths167–168
  • keys, meters, rhythms are locations172
  • musical changes are changes of location172

• National Corpus of PolishChapter 11

• near-synonym186, 190, 241

• negative connotation20, 112, 192, 204, 322,; see also emotion, evaluation, valence

• Nihon-shuwasee Japanese Sign Language

• noise18, 29, 31, 35, 71–73, 80,; see also sound

• nominating348, 353

• non-manual10, 276–277

• nose10, 17, 20, 25, 35, 58–59, 78, 116, 130, 133, 135–138, 198–199, 278, 289, 291–294, 297, 303, 320–324, 331, 351–352

• notice236–238, 241–242, 246, 255, 262, 264–266, 268–269, 271, 313
  • noticing48, 258
  • noticing is hearing48

• NSsee Japanese Sign Language

• obedience25, 348
  • obeying is hearing48–49
  • obeying is seeing48

• object of Perception52–54, 59, 150–151, 155

• objectificationsee Theory of Objectification

• objective11, 24, 53, 127–128, 212, 239–240, 247, 249, 253, 269–271

• odour2, 8, 19–20, 22, 28, 31–32, 35, 37–39, 99, 106, 198, Chapter 16, 351, 362, 365,; see also aroma, fragrance, olfaction, scent, smell

• OEDsee Oxford English Dictionary

• ÖGSsee Austrian Sign Language

• Old English27–33, 35–40, 66, 71, 75, 80

• Old French27, 31–32, 34–36

• Old High German31

• Old Norse27

• Old Swedish32

• olfaction6, 8, 19–22, 26, 48, 56, 77, 106–107, 116, 118, 120, 139, 198, 309, 320, 322–323, Chapter 16, 362,see also aroma, fragrance, odour, scent, smell
  • the general atmosphere is an olfactory percept6, Chapter 16
  • the general atmosphere of something is an olfactory perception48, 77, 335

• Ongee55

• onomatopoeia18, 31,; see also echoic, sound symbolism

• organic frame131, 133,; see also wine

• organisation is physical structure131

• organoleptic133

• Oxford English Dictionary Chapter 4,217, 219–224

• pain107, 117, 186–187, 202–203, 211, 244, 248, 337, 339

• pair-part257, 269,; see also adjacency pairs

• Papua New Guinea347–349, 351

• parallel corpus50, 60

• parameter9, 276, 278, 306

• path86, 149, 171, 173, 178–181, 212, 231–232, 238–240

• perceptual simulationsee embodiment

• perceptual synaesthesiasee synaesthesia

• perfume19–20, 35, 56, 112–113,; see also aroma, fragrance, odour, scent

• persistence93, 96–97, 133

• phenomenological primacy210, 212

• phonology147, 293, 305–306

• physiology132–133, 169, 171, 173, 211

• pitch2, 9, 11, 31–32, 34, 38, 136–137, Chapter 9, 199

• PJMsee Polish Sign Language

• place of articulation58, Chapter 14, Chapter 15

• play76, 253, 262, 265, 353, 356–357, 359–360

• pleasant23, 34–35, 38, 78–79, 89, 106, 133, 157, 322, 336, 338–339
  • pleasant is sweet338

• pleasure113, 121
  • pleasure is sweet113

• PoAsee place of articulation

• Polish6, Chapter 11

• Polish Sign Language287, 293–294, 297

• polycentric structure232

• Portuguese Sign Language293–294, 297

• positive connotation or metaphor190, 200–202, 204,; see also evaluation, negative connotation, valence, emotion

• pragmatic314–315, 347–348, 359, 363

• PreC.Itsee pre-Contemporary Italian

• pre-Contemporary Italian85–100

• predictive87, 100, 262, 268

• presence52, 133–137

• primary metaphor46, 105, 107, 119–121, 131, 171

• Primary metaphor theory119, 171

• priorChapter 13

• proprioception211, 226

• prosody260, 265, 271

• Proto-Afroasiatic155

• Proto-Indo-European87, 97

• prototype70, 189, 232, 327–329, 332–334, 343

• prototypical51–55, 60, 70, 78, 135, 152, 156, 175, 181, 186–187, 191, 197, 199, 201, 212, 226, 248, 332–334

• provable258–269, 271

• proximal senses3, 7, 53, 73, 81, 210, 304

• Proximal Stimulus Criterion210

• psychological87, 89, 95, 119, 121, 140, 234, 298
  • psychological saliency90

• questionnaire186–188

• quiet19, 35, 38, 114, 198–199

• radial categories181

• receptor3, 188, 203, 211, 331

• referent114, 148, 263, 289,; see also classifiers

• register10, 149, 176, 216,; see also genre

• re-metaphorisation275, 297

• repair (sequence or initiator)257–259, 269–270, 360
  • other-initiated repair257–258, 269

• request267–268, 270, 358

• response (verbal, in conversation)113, Chapter 13, 354, 358

• response (physiological)4, 188, 203, 333

• rhetorical device170

• ritual152–153

• RNCsee Russian National Corpus

• root Chapter 2,71, 87, 97, 148, 151, 155, 355

• Russian9, 186–188, 190–193, 198–199, 233

• Russian National Corpus186, 187

• Russian Sign Language188, 193–194

• Ryukyuan languages308

• sadness23–24, 27, 119–120, 333,see also emotion
  • sadness is down119–120

• salience45–46, 49, 117, 139, 174

• Sanskrit19

• scent20, 22, 25, 29, 33–34, 36, 40, 56, 78, 320, 322, 331,; see also aroma, fragrance, odour, smell

• schema128, 137, 212–213, 226, 234, 237–240, 246

• scope
  • referential scope107, 115, 120, 197, 267, 338
  • scope of metaphor Chapter 3,73, 77

• see5, 7, 9, 20, 23–24, 33, 36–37, 40, 47–50, 55, 87, 153, Chapter 12, Chapter 13, 277–278, 281–284, 286, 289–290, 294, 297, 299, 304, 309–316, 328, 348, 350–357, 360–361, 363–365
  • being involved is having to see48
  • considering is seeing47, 49
  • escorting is seeing47
  • finding out is seeing47
  • foreseeing is seeing47, 49
  • getting on badly with somebody is being unable to see47
  • having a relationship is seeing somebody47, 49
  • knowing from a ‘perspective’ is seeing from a point of view47
  • making sure is seeing47
  • meeting with somebody is seeing somebody47
  • obeying is seeing48
  • paying a visit is seeing somebody47
  • refraining is seeing48
  • seeing is hearing328
  • seeing is touching328, 356
  • seeing is understanding47, 49, 239, 304, 313
  • seeing to knowing47, 286, 289, 294, 299, 328
  • studying / examining is seeing47
  • suffering is seeing48
  • taking care is seeing/looking after47
  • understanding is seeing47, 49, 304, 313
  • witnessing is seeing48–49

• semantic
  • semantic associations256, 348–349, 360, 363
  • semantic change20, 65, 85, 87, 91–93, 97, 99–101, 198, 293
  • semantic dimensions329
  • semantic extension7, 9, 49, 54, 78, 198, 233, 294–295
  • semantic field65, 186, 190, 197, 275
  • semantic shift85–87, 91–94, 97, 100–101, 199–200, 203, 281, 291–292
  • semasiological variation232,; see also polysemy
  • sense organ3, 152, 278, 289–290, 297, Chapter 15,; see also eye, ear, nose, mouth
  • sense prefix275, 290–293, 297

• sensing48, 56, 59, 134, 212, 342–343
  • sensing an intense smell is coming into contact with a strong physical force342
  • sensing is contact343
  • sensing (knowing intuitively) is smelling48, 56, 59, 134, 212, 342–343

• sequence171, 179, 181, Chapter 13, 276, 317, 350, 352–353, 357–360, 362
  • action-sequencing257
  • prospective sequence258–259 269–270
  • retro-sequence256–258, 269
  • retrospective sequence258, 269

• Serbian9, 188, 194–196, 198

• sharp2, 6–7, 19–21, 23, 25–31, 33, 35, 37–39, 79–80, 92, 95, 106, 110, 118–119, 136–139, 154, 177, 198–199, 219, 290–292, 341–342

• Shona9, 166

• sight20–22, 25, 27, 30, 38, 71–73, 85–87, 89, 92–98, 130, 134–137, 210, 213, 231, 238–239, 295, 310, 313, 351–352, 357, 363

• Sign Language TypologyChapter 14

• signing space9–10

• singing styles177

• single-stage metaphor275, 281, 285, 290, 294

• situatedness45–46

• size6, 18, 32, 72, 74, 78, 213, 218–219, 222, 225–226, 329

• skill is located on one’s arm306

• SKSLsee South Korean Sign Language

• SLIsee sublexical iconicity

• smell4, 6–8, 10, 19–23, 25–26, 28, 31–38, 48, 50–51, 53–59, 72–74, 76–80, 86–88, 92, 94–98, 100, 105–108, 110–113, 116–120, 130, 132, 135–136, 139, 152, 157–158, 198, 278, 289, 291, 293, 294, 297, 320, 322–324, Chapter 16, 351–352, 362–363
  • bad is smelly6, 335, 338
  • bad smell is bad character78
  • becoming bad (spoiling, corrupting) is smelling48, 56
  • becoming instinctively aware of/guessing something is smelling something335
  • being oblivious is not to smell48
  • causing smell is transferring the object340
  • evaluation is smell48, 322
  • guessing (realising) is smelling48, 56, 77–78, 335, 343
  • having negative feelings is smelling48
  • intensity of smell is the degree of brightness of light341–342
  • intensity of smell is quantity of a substance341
  • investigating (searching) is smelling/sniffing around2, 48–50, 56, 77–78
  • prophesying is smelling48
  • negative evaluation is bad smell322
  • sensing an intense smell is coming into contact with a strong physical force342
  • sensing (knowing intuitively) is smelling48, 56, 59, 134, 212, 342–343
  • smell is a substance340
  • smell is a physical force342
  • smell is an object340
  • smell is touch/feeling342
  • smell is vision342
  • smelling is mental detection78
  • source of smell is a surface340
  • suspicion is smelling4, 6, 10, 12, 48, 58–59, 335, 338, 343
  • the existence of smell is for the substance to be in the container340–341
  • the existence of smell is the possession of an object340
  • the object/location that has the smell is a container340

• smoke19, 27, 30–31, 35–37

• smooth20–21, 27, 34, 38, 106, 109–110, 112, 114, 118–119, 136, 138, 198–199

• sniffing48–49, 78, 321, 332, 334, 352
  • investigating (searching) is smelling/sniffing around2, 48–50, 56, 77–78
  • showing contempt is sniffing48

• social action253, 256

• socialisation347, 358, 363–364

• sociality348

• sociocultural46, 99

• soft19, 23, 25, 27, 30, 33–34, 38, 70, 136, 138–139, 198–199, 322

• sorting task231, 233–237, 242, 245–247, 249

• sound2–4, 18–23, 27–28, 30–34, 36–39, 53–54, 60, 72, 86, 95, 100, 106, 108–110, 112, 114, 118–119, 130, 135–140, 169–170, 198–199, 204, 289, 317–318, 335, 347, 352, 356, 360, 362

• sound symbolism 289,; see also onomatopoeia, echoic

• sour3, 7, 17, 19–20, 26–27, 31, 37–38, 80, 91–92, 106, 112–113, 116, 137, 198, 338, 341

• source3–6, 8, 45–47, 50–51, 59, 67–68, 70–75, 77–80, 86–87, 110, 112–114, 120, 129, 132, 134–136, 138, 150–151, 170, 174–176, 199, 202, 204, 240–241, 243, 246–247, 276, 289–291, 294, 296, 299, 304–306, 320, 322–323, 328–329, 332–340, 343–344, 351, 359

• South Korean Sign Language5, 279–280, 282, 285, 288, 290, 295, 297

• Southern Italian58–59

• Spanish10, 47, 49–50, 57–59, 77, 159, 188, 191

• Spanish Sign Language297

• spatial2, 72, 109, 167, 173, 179–182

• spatial relations167

• states are locations172

• structural5, 131–132, 167, 182, 234, 237

• structure2, 7–8, 11, 45, 51, 67–68, 131–132, 137, Chapter 9, 185, 191, 200, 204, 214, 221, 223–224, 232, 234, 237, 239–240, 246, 249, 304, 328–330, 333–336, 343

• STSsee Swedish Sign Language

• subjective4, 81, 128, 139, 157, 173, 175, 203, 241, 247, 308, 338–339, 362

• subjective motion173,; see also fictive motion

• subjectivity52–53, 127, 150–151 240

• sublexical iconicity275, 281, 289–290, 294, 299

• Sululib350, 364, 366

• supramodal107, 115–116

• Suyá9

• Swahili248

• Swedish32, 50, 233

• Swedish Sign Language297

• sweet4, 7–8, 17, 19–21, 23, 29–30, 34, 38, 80, 89, 106–107, 109, 112–114, 116–122, 130, 136, 139, 198, 218, 336–338, 341

• synaesthesiaChapter 6
  • synaesthetic metaphor2, 8, 80, 86, Chapter 6, Chapter 7

• synchronic100–101, 198, 217, 279

• synonymy70, 186, 190, 241, 331, 343

• synsets331

• tactile6, 17–22, 24–25, 86, 92, 95, 108, 118, 130, 132, 134–136, 139–140, 156, 188–189, 198–199, 203, Chapter 11, 335, 341, 361
  • the general atmosphere of something is a tactile perception335

• tanninsChapter 7
  • tannins are cloth138

• target3–6, 8, 45–46, 49, 51, 67, 69, 71–74, 76–77, 79–80, 86, 112, 120, 129, 132, 134, 150–151, 166, 170, 176, 178, 199, 202, 204, 216, 256, 289, 291, 294, 297, 299, 304, 322, 328–329, 335–339, 343–344

• taste7–8, Chapter 2, 48–49, 51, 53–55, 72–74, 76, 79–80, 86–87, 91–92, 95–98, 100, Chapter 6, Chapter 7, Chapter 8, 181, 198, 218, 278, 284–285, 295–297, 304, 306, 336–338, 343, 351–352, 362, 365,see also gustation
  • taste for smell106, 117, 119
  • experiencing is tasting48, 159
  • knowing is tasting6, 48, 159
  • producing a feeling is tasting (enjoying/disliking)48
  • someone’s preference (favour) is someone’s taste48, 306
  • tasting notesChapter 7
  • unpleasant is bitter/sour/bad tasting338

• taxonomic class199–200, 204

• temperature3, 6, 34, 79, 91–92, 94–95, 98, 115–117, 135–136, 198, 203, 210–211, 218, 222–226, 295, 337, 361
  • alcohol/acidity is heat138

• tempo179,; see also music

• textile129–131, 138

• textual evidence65, 67, 146, 153, 155

• texture2, 4, 22, 30, 34, 38, 129–130, 133, 135, 138, 211,; see also tactile, touch

• Theory of ObjectificationChapter 11

• thought1, 4, 6, 18, 24–26, 33, 40, 59, 117, 170, 181, Chapter 11, 244, 306, 312
  • thinking is perceiving150
  • thinking is weighing225

• TİDsee Turkish Sign Language

• time1, 9, 11, 72, 74–75, 81, 85, 87–91, 96, 99–101, 146, 149, Chapter 9, 186–187, 200, 209, 213, 240, 278, 306
  • time is motion11, Chapter 9

• tone19, 21, 39, 80, 133–134, 136–137 169–170, 180–181, 331, 335

• tongue27, 152, 155, 277–278, 284

• touch3, 6–7, 18–25, 32–33, 35, 38–39, 48–51, 53–55, 57, 69–78, 86–87, 91–92, 94–98, 106, 108, 110, 114, 118–119, 132, 134–136, 138–139, 152–153, 155–159, 198, Chapter 11, 298, 304, 328, 335–338, 342–343, 351, 356, 360–361, 363,see also haptic
  • affecting is touching48, 57
  • asking for a loan is touching48
  • being a relative is being touched by somebody48
  • considering is touching48–49
  • dealing with is touching48
  • falling to somebody to do something is being touched48
  • seeing is touching328, 356
  • smell is touch/feeling342
  • persuading is touching48
  • reaching is touching48
  • touching is tasting159

• trajector189

• Trans New Guinea349–350

• transfer5, 20, 22–23, 86–87, 107, 112–113, 127, 170, 181, 210, 225–226, 289, 291–292, 305, 340

• transfield2–3, 5–7, 11, 85–88, 93, 96–100, 152, 204, 311–313

• Transfield I2–3, 86–87

• Transfield II2–3, 6, 9, 86–87, 99, 166

• translation88, 186

• Transparency Principle277, 281, 289, 299

• trouble source257–258

• Turkish Sign Language278–279, 283–285, 293–295, 297

• turnChapter 13

• typology60, Chapter 10, 248, Chapter 14

• understanding5, 30, 32–33, 47–49, 69, 167, 238, 240, 244, 281–283, 290, 304, 309, 313
  • understanding is grasping47
  • understanding is hearing48
  • understanding is seeing47, 49, 304, 313

• unidirectional87, 97, 232

• unpleasant23, 26–27, 78, 106, 157, 322, 338, 340–341,see also emotion
  • unpleasant is bitter/sour/bad tasting338

• valence (emotional)113–114

• vindicationChapter 13

• vision3, 5, 7, 9, 17–25, 27–28, 32–33, 38, 47–51, 53–55, 86, 91, 108, 130, 134, 136, 139, 151–152, 198–199, 204, 210, 218, Chapter 12, 256, 269–271, 276, 278, 284, 286, 288–291, 293, 295–298, 304–305, 309–316, 318, 323, 328, 336, 342, 347–348, 351–357
  • deception is purposefully impeding vision48
  • domain of control is range of vision48
  • impediments to knowledge are impediments to vision47
  • smell is vision342
  • the general atmosphere of something is a visual perception336
  • vision-attention348
  • vision-knowledge348

• Vulgar Latinsee Latin

• Ward’s amalgamation242

• West, Western3, 17–19, 22, 24, 26, 55, 117, 166–167, 174, 232

• wine8, 11, 30, 32, 35, Chapter 7, 180–181
  • wine commentary135
  • wines are (inanimate) 3d artefacts132–134
  • wines are buildings131–132
  • wines are containers131–132
  • wines are geometrical artefacts131–132
  • wines are human beings131–132
  • wines are living organisms129, 131–132
  • wines are (animate) organic beings132–134
  • wines are textiles132, 134
  • winespeak8, 11, Chapter 7

• wisdom texts146, 149

• WordNet331–332, 335, 344

• yoghurt/facial cream is cloth138

• ZGSsee Chinese Sign Language