Index

• Achenese111

• addressee-proximal § 3.1.2,60–65, 79, 125–126, 150

• Ainu124

• analogy15–16, 137

• anaphoric3, 4, 67

• antigrammaticalization88 fn. 24, 138

• Armenian80, 128

• Basque124

• Bengali129, 135

• bondedness16, 140

• bridging context30, 33, 145

• Burmese7, 15, 111, 113–115, 155

• chain reaction61–62

• Chinese66, 97, 102, 110, 111, 112, 116, 118, 131–132
  • dialect of Huojia80, 144

• Danish117

• decategoriarization16, 139, 142

• degrammaticalization137, 143

• deictic2, 3, 47–48, 56–57, 67

• demonstratives9, 13–14, 47–48, § 3.1.2, 67–68, 109–110, § 5.3, 144, 150, 152
  • anaphoric47–48
  • discourse deictic47
  • empathetic48
  • exophoric47
  • recognitional48, 49 fn. 11; see also addressee-proximal, speaker-and-addressee-distal, speaker-distal, speaker-proximal

• described event19–20, 22–24, 29, 73–74

• desemanticizationsee semantic bleaching

• discourse markers138; see also discourse particles

• discourse particles18

• displacement of semantic features §5.2, 151–152, 155; see also plurification, shift in deixis

• downtoners89

• Dutch112, 117

• Eastern Pomo124

• empathetic identification85

• empathetic perspective14, § 4.4, 151

• empathy23, 119, 135
  • hierarchies94
  • speech act hierarchy94–95, 99
  • surface structure hierarchy94–95
  • English5, 17, 70, 90, 116, 118, 123, 125, 137, 155
  • ergative-absolutive pattern8
  • erosion16, 139, 142; see also phonetic reduction
  • expressivitysee extravagance

• extension16, 139, 142, 143

• extra-linguistic factors13, 26

• extravagance30, 59, 65–66

• extravagant politeness14, § 4.2, 112, 151

• face-threat70

• first person pronouns5–6, 8–10, § 3.3, 67–68, 109–110, § 5.1, 124–125, 150

• formality5

• French2, 70, 79, 90, 111, 112, 115–116, 118, 120, 123, 125, 137, 142, 151, 155

• frequency16–17, 38, 43–44, 65, 89, 141, 150

• genbun-itchi53–57

• gender2, 3, 17

• German9, 65, 70, 72, 79, 84, 88, 90, 92, 107, 110, 115–116, 117, 118, 123, 129, 142, 147, 151

• grammatical relations hierarchy8

• grammaticalization13–14, 15–20, 25, 37–38, 43, 110, 125, § 5.5, 152
  • in a wide sense143–144, 146
  • parameters110, § 5.5.2, 152, 154
  • primary vs. secondary137

• Greek
  • Ancient
    • Classical80, 128, 142–143
    • Modern142–143
    see Classical

• hedges89

• Hindi129, 135

• historical characteristics of Japanese10–11

• honorifics18–20, 87, 95

• Hungarian135

• indefinite143

• Imbabura Quechua129

• impersonal pronouns110–11, 117, 118–119, 152

• impersonalization121, 131–132, 135–136, 154

• inflationary effect38–39, 150

• information structure7

• innovative usesee extravagance

• integrity16, 18, 31, 34, 139–141

• intensifiers14, 66, 109–110, 129, 154; see also reflexives

• internal change13, 26

• internal feelings2–3, 28

• intersubjectivity19–20, 73–75, 87, 137

• inference
  • generalized invited19, 23, 30, 75
  • invited19, 22

• intrapersonal pronoun shift83–87; see also person shift between first and second person

• invisible-hand37–38

• Iraya128 fn. 37

• irony39–40

• Italian58, 84, 117

• Japanese readingsee kun-reading

• Jaqaru124

• kana12, 26, 27

• Kannada129, 135

• Kashimiri129, 135

• Khmer111, 129

• kinship terms4, 9, 17, 85, 111, 125, 127, 134, 155

• Korean84, 97, 113, 124, 125, 128, 129, 131–132, 144, 145, 152, 154

• Kono111

• kun-reading/kunyomi57, 72

• lateral shift142–143

• Latin111, 117, 129

• leading the addressee’s thought97–98, 100–102

• Lezgian124

• logophoric context85–87

• Malay6–7, 111

• Malayalam129

• Mandarinsee Chinese

• Marathi129, 135

• Meiji reform32

• melioration38

• metaphor90, 119

• metonymy90

• Mundari124

• nominative-accusative pattern8–9

• non-deictic47–48

• non-referential2, 18–19

• Norwegian117

• number2–3, 17, 70, 116, 118, 151

• occupational names5, 9, 111, 113, 125, 127, 134, 155

• on-reading/onyomi57, 72

• paradigmatic parameters16–18, § 5.5.2

• paradigmatic variability16, 18, 140

• paradigmaticity16, 18, 23, 34–35, 75, 140

• pejoration38

• person2–3, 17, 70, 118, 127, 151
  • hierarchy8
  • non-first51–52

• person shift
  • between first and second person14, ch 4, 92, 94–98, 151
  • from third person to first/second person14, ch. 2, 88–91, 92, 151

• personal name4

• personal pronouns2–4, 7, 13–14, 133–134, 136; see also first person pronouns, second person pronouns, third person pronouns

• personalization83–86, 90–91; see also person shift from third person to first/second person

• phonetic reduction25, 43

• phonological attrition24, 139, 141; see also phonetic reduction

• plural suffix6, 70

• plurification14, 109–110, § 5.2, 155

• politeness2, 6, 61–62, 88, 155
  • distancing14, 69–72, 90–91, 120, 127, 147, 150–151, 155
  • hierarchy112
  • negative120, 121–123, 155
  • off record119
  • positive85–86, 121–123, 155

• Portuguese65, 84, 89, 112, 117
  • Brazilian111

• positional names5, 9, 125

• pragmatic depreciation13, § 2.4, § 4.4.1, § 4.4.2, 113–115, 149–150

• pragmatic shift14, 92–93

• pragmaticalization138, 153

• principle of informativeness/relevance41–43

• Punjabi135

• reanalysis15–16, 64, 137

• referential18–19

• reflexives14, 109–110, § 5.4, 133–134, 136, 144, 145, 152, 154

• relation-acknowledging39–43, 150

• Romanian111, 112, 142

• Russian116, 129

• Sango116

• second person pronouns5–6, 8–10, § 3.3, 67–68, 109–110, § 5.1, 124–125, 150

• self-objectification94–98, § 4.4.1, 130–136, 152, 154

• self-reflection94–98, § 4.4.1, § 4.4.2, 130–136, 154

• semantic bleaching13, 20, 37, § 2.4, 139, 149–150

• semanticized shift14, 92–93

• Serbo-Coratian124

• shift in deixis14, § 5.2

• shifter2–3, 4, 37

• Sino-Japanese readingsee on-reading

• social titles17

• space70, 151

• Spanish15, 58, 65, 84, 88, 89, 90, 112, 117, 142

• spatial deixis14, 109–110

• spatial perspective14, § 4.3, 151

• speaker-and-addressee-distal9, § 3.1.2, 61–65, 69–72, 121, 125–126, 150–151

• speaker-distal9, § 3.1.2, 60–65, 125–126, 150

• speaker-proximal§ 3.1.2, 60–65, 79, 125–126, 150

• speaker innovationsee extravagance

• speech event3, 18–20, 22–24, 27, 29, 73–74

• speech role2, 34

• structural scope16, 140

• subjectivity19–20, 30, 73–74, 137

• Susu111

• Swedish117

• syntagmatic parameters16, 139–140

• syntagmatic variability16, 140

• taboo39–40

• Tamil116, 118, 121, 147, 155

• tense127

• Tetelcingo Nahuatl129, 135

• Thai15, 17, 58, 84, 89, 111, 112, 113–115, 125, 129, 131–132, 134, 135, 145, 147, 152, 154, 155

• third person pronouns5–6, 8–10, 13–14, § 3.2, 109, 124

• time70; see also tense

• Turkish129, 135

• unidirectionality13, 37–28, 42, 137–138, 143, 146

• Urdu135

• Venda124

• Vietnamese7, 15, 58, 80, 111, 113–115, 124–125, 131–132, 135, 144, 145, 154, 155

• !Xun110

• Zande110