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Part of
A Construction Grammar of the English Language: CASA – a Constructionist Approach to Syntactic Analysis
Thomas Herbst and Thomas Hoffmann
[
Cognitive Linguistics in Practice
5] 2024
► pp.
311
–
315
◄
previous
Index
1st person
47, 52–54, 56, 57, 143
2nd person
47, 52–54, 57, 143
3rd person
25, 49, 52, 55–57, 143, 240, 259
A
A Grammar of Contemporary English
CGEL
3, 9, 26–27, 32, 39, 42–43, 49, 59, 70, 80, 95, 130, 138, 159, 161, 169, 182, 184–185, 191, 195, 209, 211, 223, 237, 244, 246, 249, 251, 252, 266, 273
Aarts, B.
27, 49, 182, 244, 246, 248
Aarts, F.
80–81, 95, 138, 156, 159, 167, 208–209
Aarts, J.
80–81, 95, 138, 156, 159, 167, 208–209
Abelson
206
ability
122
abstraction
5, 8, 73–77, 84, 91, 95, 156, 215–216, 240
accusative
23, 25, 143–144
action
101, 119–122, 127, 223
action discussed
227
active
46–48, 64–66, 89, 108–112, 203, 271
additive coordination
193–195
adjective
23–24, 62, 65, 114–128, 130, 155, 162–175, 181, 186, 226, 240, 244, 249, 253, 260, 268–270, 272
adjectival-valency cxn
113, 116
adjunct
38, 159, 184–191, 249, 256–257, 260, 262–263, 271–273, 276, 280, 282, 284
adjunct cxn
186–187, 278, 282–283
adverb
23, 25, 49, 72, 162–176, 195, 202, 245–250, 252, 256, 260–261, 265, 269–270, 272
adverbial
26, 28, 185, 191
æffected
64, 75–76, 79, 82, 86–91, 93, 96, 98, 101, 106–113, 203, 217, 220–221, 271
æffected-attributee
99
æffected-theme
94, 219
æffector
64, 75, 79, 86–91,93–95, 97, 99–109, 111, 113, 120–122, 126–127, 164, 203, 217, 219–221,223, 271, 276
æffector-theme
93
affected-attribute
97
agent
27, 29, 32, 72, 80, 85–86, 90, 93
Aktionsart
179
Allerton
239
Altenberg
10
alternative coordination
194–195
Ambridge
57, 74, 133
anchor
53, 147, 246
apodosis
228
argument (versus adjunct)
191
article
39, 137, 141–143, 160, 252–253, 258, 268–270
as
233, 264
aspect
35, 61–64, 66, 176, 178
asyndetic coordination
193–195, 297
attitude
120–122
Attr
81–82, 96–99, 113, 115–116, 164, 177, 188, 209–210, 235, 256, 260, 279–280, 282, 285
attribute
96–97, 114–116, 124–125, 163–164, 166–167, 169, 171–172
attributee
96, 98, 114–116, 118–119, 124–125, 163–164, 168–169, 171–172, 174, 229
attributive (use)
23, 62, 65, 114, 165, 235, 244
authority
227
B
Bauer, E.M.
40, 218,
Bauer, L.
15
BE
-
going
-
to
-V
59–60, 220
Behrens
2, 73, 80
beneficiary
64, 125, 180, 183
Bierwiaczonek
1, 137–138
blending
16–17, 112, 156, 166, 189, 192, 276–277, 285
Boas
1, 21, 74, 97, 98, 131
Booij
6
boundedness
142
Boyd
244
Bresnan
94
Brown
20, 204, 206
Brunner
228–229
Burgschmidt
15
Buysschaert
273
Bybee
2, 6–7, 19, 54, 60, 276
C
Cambridge Grammar of the English Language
CAMG
3, 9, 22, 26–27, 49, 59, 80, 130, 138, 159, 161, 246, 248
canonical
217, 218, 266
Cappelle
226, 267
cardinal
9
cardinal number/numeral
8, 24, 148, 161
case
23, 111, 131, 143, 255–256, 265
case grammar
70, 111, 130–131
Casenhiser
13
cataphor
124–127
cause
121
cause
199
c
aused-motion
(
cxn
)
71, 75, 93–94, 97, 113
causer
72, 80, 117, 199
change of location
189–190
change of state
71, 96–97, 100–101
Chomsky
3, 11, 108, 118, 216
chunk
8, 13, 19, 45, 73, 215–231, 248
circumstantial information
186
Clark, E.
15
Clark, H.E.
15
co-headedness
138
cognitive
3, 17–19, 21, 29, 32–33, 42–43, 53, 57, 71, 74, 80, 104, 114, 130, 135, 159–160, 172, 175, 182–183, 188, 191–192, 203–204, 231, 236, 239–240, 244–245, 250, 252–253, 275–276, 285
Cognitive Grammar
2, 32, 136–137
cohesion
202
Colleman
74
collo-profile
8, 78–79, 218
collocation
3, 8, 10–11, 20, 50, 169, 215, 224–225, 284
comment
33, 181, 211, 233
comparative (cxn)
170–175, 240
comparative-correlative
cxn
10, 227–230, 251
comparison
170–175
complement
26, 28, 39, 65, 70, 81–82, 130–131, 155, 159, 187, 191, 246
compositionality
6–7, 67, 216, 224
comprehension
45, 268
conative
105–106
conceptual blending
16–17, 155, 276, 285
concord
27, 33, 35, 112, 142
condition
196, 200
condition
68, 180, 184, 196, 199–201
conjunction
23–24, 225–226, 245–248, 263
connectee
196–200
connection (cxn)
195–197, 202
connector
195–197, 200, 202, 226, 246, 262–263
constraint
21, 37, 75, 212, 214
construal
61, 76, 94, 106, 114, 127, 135, 140, 203–204
construct
4, 15–18, 42, 51, 67, 112–113, 153, 157, 189, 212, 217, 275, 277–285
constructicon
5–6, 14, 18, 21, 74–75, 100, 108, 129, 160, 191, 225, 230, 250, 277, 285
construction grid
18, 42, 48, 51, 54, 58, 62, 64, 66–67, 98, 112–113, 116, 157–159, 165, 186–187, 221–222, 231–232, 249–250, 252, 258, 263–264, 277–285
constructional space
12, 239, 241–242, 254
contextual anchor
115, 119, 120– 122, 148–151, 163, 171–173, 227, 247
contextual anchor
53, 147
contextually optional
83
contrast
23, 33, 141, 198, 266
coordinatee
194–197, 279, 283, 284
coordination
16–18, 27, 34, 173, 192–198, 202, 226, 275, 277, 279, 283–284
coordinator
194–195, 283, 284
corpus
10, 13, 20, 30–31, 43, 45, 71, 215, 224, 229, 239
count noun
23, 132, 139–141, 150, 160, 242, 255
Cowie
218
Croft
11, 37, 73–74, 87, 129, 203, 211, 216, 225, 230, 236, 253
Cruse
11, 37, 216–217, 225, 230, 236
D
Dąbrowksa
2, 5, 10, 13, 275–276
dative
23
De Knop
1, 21
Deacon
11
declarative-question
cxn
34, 42
declarative-statement
cxn
33–34, 41–42, 50–51, 57–58, 62, 64, 66, 112–113, 184, 186–187, 208, 222, 230, 232, 234, 265, 270–273, 278–285
definite
definite reference
139
definite-reciprocal
161
definite-referential
143
definite-reflexive
161
degree of difficulty
112
demonstrative
148
demonstrative
23–24, 137, 142, 147–148, 161, 242, 250, 252–253, 256–257
dependency grammar
130, 187
desired thing
107, 183, 208
determinative
23, 26, 159, 161
determiner
10, 23, 26, 82, 138, 158–159, 161, 172, 228, 231, 250, 256–258
determiner phrase
138
Diamond
16, 275
Diessel
5, 74, 240–242
direct object
28, 271
direction
93–94, 105, 219, 222
Dirven
49, 118, 137, 142, 239
discontinuous modifier
156–157, 159, 167
discourse
13, 41, 134, 136–137, 197–201, 204–206, 212–213
distributional semantics
242
ditransitive (cxn)
2, 15, 72, 74–80, 83–84, 88–91, 94–95, 108, 113, 191, 232, 242, 267, 271
dividing line
9, 11, 20, 175, 216, 222
do
-support cxn
16, 35, 37, 68–69, 259, 275, 280
Dugas
226
E
Ellis
2, 21, 57
Elman
241
emotion
105
emotion
23, 31, 104–105, 203, 263
encoding idioms
224
end weight
210
entrenchment
13–16, 32, 45, 144, 155, 188–189, 191, 230, 275, 285
Esser
27
evaluation
119, 126, 127
evaluative
41, 127, 154
Evert
10, 242
exception
17, 53, 80, 108, 185, 190, 193, 216, 226, 251
exclamative
cxn
39
expectation
60, 103, 268–270
experiencer
87
F
familiarity
110
family
138, 148, 154, 182, 236
family resemblance
250
Fauconnier
16–17, 112, 276
Feldmüller
21
Fillmore
1–2, 4, 9–10, 21, 26, 28, 70, 75, 83, 111, 131, 185, 206, 216, 224–226, 228, 230, 252
Fischer
2
fixed
2, 7, 17, 175, 215, 228, 268
Fluid Construction Grammar
4, 21
focus
209, 210
focus
32, 61–62, 102, 204, 206–211
Ford
94
form-meaning pairing
2–5, 11, 16, 18–19, 30, 71, 129, 138, 225, 248, 267–268, 275, 277, 285
fragment
39–42, 53, 126, 184, 218, 272
frame
19, 110–111, 127, 185, 206
frame element
110, 185
FrameNet
4, 21, 83, 93, 112, 130–131
frequency
5, 8, 10, 31, 44–45, 67, 78–79, 162, 188, 191, 217–218, 222, 224, 227, 230, 267, 285
future time
58–60, 90, 200
G
general issue
101–102
general quantifier
cxn
149–151, 258
generative
3, 11, 20, 26, 70, 108, 118, 216, 267
genitive
6, 23, 127, 143, 146–147, 161, 205, 240, 255–256
Gilquin
1, 21, 225
give up
219–220
given
60, 73, 204, 206, 272
Givón
43
goal
60, 72, 76–77, 92, 94–95, 103, 106, 108, 112, 116–117, 128–129, 190
goal
93, 94, 103, 113
goal-state
100–101
Goldberg
2, 5, 10–13, 15, 19, 21, 37, 40–41, 53, 70–76, 78, 80–81, 88, 90, 94, 97–98, 110, 125–126, 130–131, 176, 185, 212, 224, 240–242, 244, 268
gradable
166
gradient
49, 182–183, 217, 222, 225
grammaticalization
60, 220
Granger
217
Greenbaum
3, 224, 273
Gregory
212
Gries
13, 21, 36, 74, 94, 101, 216
ground
137
grouping
135–136, 243
H
Habermann
216
Haegeman
67, 188
Halliday
28, 75, 182, 202, 204, 206
Hampe
17
Hanks
240
Hausmann
10
Helbig
130
Herbst
2–3, 8–10,12, 15–17, 21, 26–27, 33, 40, 43, 53–54, 59, 70, 73, 75, 78–81, 83, 88, 93–95, 111, 116, 118, 125–126, 130–131, 138, 155, 159, 167, 184–185, 190, 209, 216, 218, 224, 227, 239, 242, 246, 248, 267, 271, 274, 276, 280–281
here
236, 248–249, 261
Hilpert
2, 50, 59, 206, 209–212, 268
Hoffmann
2, 6–7, 10, 16–17, 19, 31, 33, 37, 39–40, 51–53, 55, 57, 60–62, 66, 75, 78, 81, 108–109, 133, 138, 142–143, 167, 170, 204, 208–212, 218, 225, 228–230, 271, 275–276, 279–281, 285
Horsch
228–229
Huddleston
3, 246
hypothetical condition
200
I
idiom
3, 7–8, 11, 215–219, 221–231, 241, 284
idiom principle
20, 110, 215–216
idiosyncratic
8, 10, 68, 77, 225, 229–230, 243, 252
imperative-command
cxn (negative)
38, 279
imperative-command
cxn (positive)
37, 279
impersonal (cxn)
40–41, 60, 118, 123–129, 236–237
indefinite
6, 23–24, 82–83, 85, 134–139, 141–142, 157–158, 160, 205–206, 258
indefinite reference
134–137, 141
indirect object
28, 78, 90, 271
indirect speech
46, 234
infinitive
4, 25, 27–28, 45, 48–52, 68, 88, 91, 117–126, 128, 130, 156, 167, 195, 226, 248, 251, 259–260, 262, 270
information structure
87, 109–110, 203–214, 266, 270
instrument
104–105, 111, 179
instrument/means
179
intention reading
204
interjection
23
interrogative
33–37, 39, 51, 69, 152, 228, 251–252, 259, 263, 270
into
-causative cxn
100–101
intonation
19, 34, 41, 207–208
intransitive cxn
86, 279
inversion
201, 274
it
124–127
it
-cleft cxn
208–211, 214
item-related(ness)
76–79, 108, 128, 156, 165, 253, 258
item-specific(ity)
20, 80, 104, 160, 250, 258
J
Jackendoff
97, 204, 206, 229
joint attention
204–205
Jurafsky
45, 242
juxtaposition
275–276
K
Kaltenböck
204
Kay
2, 9–10, 216, 224–230, 252
Keizer
138
Kibrik
53
Kim
209–210
Kiparsky
126
Klotz
10
L
Lakoff
2, 238
Lambrecht
204, 206, 209, 211–212, 214
Langacker
1–3, 11–12, 14, 16, 20–21, 23, 28, 32, 43, 49, 94, 130, 133–137, 139–140, 142, 153, 182, 189, 192, 215–216, 236, 239–240, 246, 248, 253, 267
Lapesa
242
Lea
10
Lee-Goldman
21
Leech
3, 42, 61, 204, 273
left-dislocation (cxn)
211–213
Leino
204, 206, 214
lemma
6, 135, 239–240, 242
lexicogrammatical continuum
11
lexicogrammatical space
11
Lieven
2, 13, 57, 74, 132, 215, 276
ligature
8, 231, 248
likelihood
181
Lohndahl
67
low level (of abstraction)
73, 76, 80, 216
Lyngfelt
21
M
Mackin
218
MacWhinney
14, 30
Makkai
224
manner
179, 185, 187, 189, 249, 272
Martin
242
mass noun
23, 138–140, 149–151, 160
Matthews
4, 138
McCaig
218
meaning potential
239–240, 243, 255
meaning
see
form-meaning pairing
2–5, 11, 16, 18–19, 30, 71, 129, 138, 225, 248, 267–268, 275, 277, 285
mediopassive
76, 111–112, 119
Meibauer
132
mental space
176, 185
metaphor
17, 74, 91, 105, 110, 134, 178, 187, 203, 236, 242, 261, 267
Michaelis
1, 209–210, 212
Minsky
206
modal cxn
18, 50, 51, 64
modal(s) (cxn)
18, 25, 27, 33, 35, 44–51, 53, 57, 59, 64, 66, 68, 80, 88–89, 121–123, 181, 186–187, 231, 234, 259–260, 270, 274, 278–279, 284–285
monotransitive (cxn)
4, 16, 18–19, 83–91, 106, 109, 203, 208, 220–222, 233, 275, 278, 282
more
-comparative cxn
173
more
-
than
cxn
171–174
most
/
least
cxn
168–169, 171, 182
mover
92–93
Müller
21
N
name
152–154, 207, 279
Nesselhauf
224
network
2, 5, 12, 37, 128–129, 183, 239–263, 268
new
206–213, 278
nominal
32, 78, 113, 126–129, 132–161
nominative
23, 143
non-derivational
108
noun
4, 8, 15, 62, 79–80, 114, 127–128, 138–161, 165, 168–170, 173–174, 177, 244–246, 249–250, 252, 255, 260
noun phrase
10, 18–19, 23–24, 26, 28, 32–33, 82, 85, 88, 109, 129–130, 132–161, 191, 226, 229, 236, 246–248, 252, 268–271
NP cxn 18
null instantiation
83
number
149
number
8, 23–25, 27, 33, 54, 139, 143, 148–151, 154, 235, 255, 257
numeral
24, 26, 161, 253, 257–258
O
O’Connor
2, 9–10, 216, 224–230, 252
Obj
79, 88– 91, 94, 97, 99, 101, 107–108, 113, 116, 172, 186–187, 209, 217, 221, 223, 232, 278–279, 281–285
object
18–19, 22, 26, 28, 70, 72, 78–79, 81–82, 84–91, 96–109, 116, 118, 123, 133–134, 164, 168, 195, 233, 267, 270–271, 278
Obj
PP
93–94, 101–108, 281–283
object-attribute cxn
97, 116, 164, 285
OED
127, 219
operator (verb)
34–36, 42, 51, 68, 234–235, 274
optional
25, 83, 185, 191
or
-coordination
17–18
ordinal
151
P
Palmer
217, 242, 268
Paquot
217
participant
32, 64, 75–78, 87, 94, 106, 110–111, 130, 206, 259, 271
particle
68, 82, 132, 218–223, 233, 245–250, 261–262, 264
partner
103–104, 115–116, 127
passive
64–66, 108–112, 271, 283
past
-
tense cxn
47, 51–57, 58, 62–63, 66
Patel
21
path
92–94, 185, 190, 219
path
93, 94
patient
29, 64, 72, 87, 90
Patten
21
Perek
21, 106
perfective cxn
63–64, 232
personal name cxn
Petruck
111
phraseological unit
217
plural
6, 8, 23, 33, 52–54, 57, 67, 141–143, 148–150, 240, 242–244, 255
point in time
60, 90, 178, 187–189, 248
point of location
92, 177, 184–185, 188–189, 247–248
polysemy
108, 241–242
possessive pronoun
146, 161, 256
possessor
146
possessum
146
postmodifier (cxn)
116–117, 127–128, 138–139, 158–160, 166–167, 184, 186, 190
potential æffector
120, 122
pragmatic (meaning/information)
19–20, 31, 37, 41, 210, 214, 216, 225
pre-emption
14–15, 74–75
pre-head
137, 159–161
pred
34–39, 42, 51, 58, 62, 64, 66, 72, 113, 186, 222, 232, 278–285
predicative possessive cxn
147
predicative use
165
PRED
REST
35–36, 38–39, 42, 113
premodifier (cxn)
25–26, 146, 154–155, 157–160, 165–168, 227, 244, 247, 249, 252, 256, 260, 262–263, 268–270, 272
preposition
4, 24, 26, 62, 72, 82, 84, 99–109, 116, 118, 123, 130, 133, 155, 166–167, 176–177, 183, 195, 219, 222–223, 244–248, 261–262
present-tense (cxn)
46–47, 52–58, 63–64, 66–67, 112, 232, 280. 283–285
presupposition
120
principle of no synonymy
212
processing effort
265–270
production
45, 191, 224
progressive cxn
60, 62, 285
pronoun
8, 23–24, 26, 77, 132, 137, 143–146, 152, 160–161, 172, 205, 209, 211–213, 223, 235, 250, 255–256, 265
proper noun
23, 132, 138–140, 153, 160, 255
proposition
186
protasis
228
prototype
43, 88, 97, 104, 140, 216, 245, 252–253
proverb
216–217
pseudo
-
cleft cxn
152, 209, 251
Pullum
3, 246
purpose
4, 180, 183, 187, 199
put up with
223
Q
quantifier
138–139, 149–151, 161, 166, 174, 232, 250, 252, 257–258
quantifier
150–151, 172–173
quasi-modal
121–123
question
4, 13, 16, 20, 32, 34–36, 39, 41–42, 49–51, 152, 184, 207–208, 251, 263, 265, 274–275
Quirk
3, 26, 224, 273
quotative (cxn)
232–233
quote
232–233
R
Radden
49, 118, 137, 142, 239
Radford
138
Radical Construction Grammar (Radical CxG)
129
ranking (cxn)
151, 161
realistic condition
201
reason
180, 199
recipient
64, 72, 74, 76–77, 79, 82, 88–91, 94–95, 103, 108, 113, 116, 127–128
recipient-goal
103
reciprocal pronouns
145–146, 161, 256
recurrent
191, 215, 248
reference
58–60, 133–143, 147, 154, 163, 204–206, 209, 247, 255–258
referent
148, 149, 150, 151, 173
reflexive pronoun
144–145, 161
reification
135–136
replacement
107
reporting clause
232–234
result
98, 99
rheme
87, 204, 206, 211, 237
Rhomieux
21
right-dislocation (cxn)
211–213
role
71–82, 84, 86–89, 94–98, 102–111, 113, 116, 123, 127, 129–131, 146, 163, 181, 190, 196, 203, 223, 238, 262
Rothweiler
132
S
Sag
152, 212
Sanchez-Stockhammer
216, 239
Schank
206
Scheibman
19
Schenkel
130
Schmid
7, 14, 16–17, 206, 216, 224
Schönefeld
17, 225
Schüller
26, 33
Schumacher
130
scope-construction
182
self
-
motion construction
93, 190, 218–219, 222
semantic coherence principle
76
semi-fixed
215
sentence-type construction
30–42
sequence
198
Siepmann
21
Sign-based Construction Grammar
4, 21
Sinclair
10, 14, 20, 110, 202, 215–216
singular
23, 25, 33, 52–57, 141–143, 150–151, 157–158, 206
so
263
Sommerer
138
source
93–94, 190
source-state
101
specific issue
101–102
state
121, 187
Steels
1
Stefanowitsch
2, 11, 36, 38, 92, 101, 131, 268
stimulus
87
stranded preposition
109
structural(ism)
30, 47, 55, 138, 185, 232, 268
structuring construction
182, 273
subj
18, 34–39, 42, 51, 58, 62, 64, 66, 113, 186–187, 209–210, 217, 222, 232, 278–285
Subj
18, 79, 81–86, 88–91, 93–94, 96–99, 101–108, 112–113, 115, 164, 172, 186–187, 221–223, 232, 278–285
subject-attribute cxn
96, 113, 164, 279–281
substitute
108
superimposition
257–276
superlative constructions
168–169, 171–172
Svartvik
3, 234, 273
syndetic
192–197, 262, 283
Szczerbinski
13
T
tag
234–235
target
105–106
Taylor
43, 244
Tesnière
130, 187
that
-clause
88, 123–124, 128–129
theory of mind
204
there
, existential there
235–236
thing
134–137
thing disliked
123
thing indicated
247
Thomas corpus
13–14, 30, 43, 49, 71, 204, 206
time
51–60, 178–179
time-duration
178–179
time-frequency
178–179
time-sequence
178–179
time-span
178–179
title construction
152–154
Tobin
226
Tomasello
2, 13, 15, 31–32, 57, 73–74, 204, 215
tone
192, 207, 272
topic
211–213
topic-area
82, 99, 117
topicalization
211–214
Torrent
21
transitional probability
45, 222
transparent
218–219, 224
Traugott
60, 187
Trousdale
2
Turner
16–17, 112, 276
Tyler
21
U
Uhrig
10, 19, 85, 93, 94, 118, 184, 190, 212, 216, 237, 267, 276
uncount noun
23, 132, 225, 255
undergoer
86, 120–121, 203
unrealistic condition
68
usage conditions
37, 41–42, 52–53, 57, 184, 212, 268, 273
V
V-EN
63–66, 232, 283
V-ING
61, 62, 222, 285
valency
70, 74–84, 104, 115–116, 128, 130–131, 187
Valency Dictionary of English
83, 124, 130
Van Trijp
33
V
BASE
37, 38, 51, 54–55, 57, 64–65, 113, 278, 283
vector
242
verb
24–25, 43–69, 74–80, 259–260, 270
verb-particle
218–223
V
M
50–51, 64, 113, 283
vocative
38, 191
V
T
54–58, 62, 64, 66, 113, 222, 232, 279–284
V
TM
34–37, 39, 42, 51, 58, 62, 64, 66, 113, 186–187, 222, 232, 278–285
W
weather verbs
236–237
Welke
98, 131
Wells
207
wh-clause
117, 128, 167, 211, 237, 251
wh-cleft
209–211, 263
wh
-
nonsubject
-
question cxn
36, 64
wh
-
subject question cxn
36
wh-to-infinitive
128
wh-word
162, 234, 251–252
Wittgenstein
182
word
2, 4, 6–8, 10–11, 239–264
word class
22–25, 82, 113–114, 128–129, 160–161, 195, 240, 243–264
word cxn
17
word order
34, 57, 81, 189, 196, 208, 214, 219, 233, 265–274
Wulff
21
Y
yes-no-question cxn
18, 35, 42, 51, 58, 113
Yule
20, 204, 206
Z
zero
52
Ziem
2, 21, 111