Article outline

• 3.1Introduction
  • 3.1.1Structure
• 3.2Languages, language varieties and speaker profiles
  • 3.2.1Dialectology and “family tree” structure
  • 3.2.2Glottonyms
    • Chaya-huita
• 3.3Grammatical profile
• 3.4Phonology
  • 3.4.1Phonemes
    • 3.4.1.1Details on pronunciation of consonants
      • Obstruents
      • Nasals
      • Tap
        • Neutralisation of ɾ in Shawi
      • Glides
    • 3.4.1.2Acoustic analysis of vowels
  • 3.4.2Syllable structure
  • 3.4.3Processes
• 3.5Orthography
• 3.6Open word classes
  • 3.6.1Nouns
    • 3.6.1.1Noun derivation
    • 3.6.1.2Noun inflection
      • 3.6.1.2.1Possessive markers
    • 3.6.1.3Oblique case system
    • 3.6.1.4The noun phrase
  • 3.6.2Verbs
    • 3.6.2.1Common morphological processes
      • Object forms and copula construction
      • Negation
    • 3.6.2.2Compound verbs and serial verbs
    • 3.6.2.3Associated motion and related phenomena
• 3.7Closed word classes
  • 3.7.1Adjectives
  • 3.7.2Pronouns
    • Unbound personal pronouns
    • Interrogative pronouns
  • 3.7.3Deictics
  • 3.7.4Numerals
    • 3.7.4.1Numeral classifiers
  • 3.7.5Adverbs
    • Place adverbs
    • Time adverbs
    • Modal adverbs
    • Quantity adverbs
  • 3.7.6Conjunctions
  • 3.7.7Interjections
• 3.8Major morpho-syntactic processes
  • 3.8.1Valency changing operations
• 3.8.2Nominalisation
  • 3.8.2.1Strong nominalisations
  • 3.8.2.2Weak nominalisations
• 3.8.3Grammatical relations and alignment
  • 3.8.3.1Case marking in Shawi
    • Word order variation
    • Omission of the O-NP
    • Contrastive focus
  • 3.8.3.2Participant reference marking in Shawi
• 3.8.4Discourse elements
• Notes