Foundings and futures
How to live like a Peranakan in the post-digital ecology
This chapter contemplates the positioning of the Peranakans (also known as Straits-born Chinese or Babas) – descendants of southern Chinese seafaring traders to the Malay archipelago who married local women, and settled in the region – across different eras and ecologies. We provide a critical digest of the contribution of scholarship on the Peranakans to Creole studies, World Englishes, and language endangerment – including a consideration of the Founder Principle in the ecology paradigm, as underscored by Mufwene, in establishing the Peranakans’ role as early adopters in the spread and evolution of English in the region. We examine sociological and communicative factors in their language practices in local, transnational, and digital ecologies, highlighting issues of postvernacular practice, authenticity indexing, and identity branding.
Article outline
- 1“Live like a Peranakan“
- 2.The making of the Peranakans: A snapshot
- 3.A study for the paradigms
- 3.1The persistence of founders
- 3.2Multilingualism matters
- 3.3The practice of postvernacularity, and beyond
- 3.4Maintenance of culture in the language of wider communication
- 3.5Commodification and branding in centre-periphery dynamics
- 4.Post-digital Peranakan practice
- 4.1What’s in a name?
- 4.2Culture, not language
- 4.3Postvernacular practice
- 4.4Vernacular costs
- 4.5The commodification of authenticity
- 4.6Heritage branding
- 5.Experience like a Peranakan
-
Notes
-
References
References (64)
References
AccorHotels. 2016. The Peranakans in Singapore: 5 ways to live like one. The Magazine. <[URL]> (23 January 2019).
Ansaldo, U.
2009. Contact Languages: Ecology and Evolution in Asia. Cambridge: CUP.
Ansaldo, U.
2010. Identity alignment and language creation in multilingual communities. The Native Speaker and the Mother Tongue. Language Sciences
32: 615–623.
Ansaldo, U. & Lim, L.
2014. The lifecycle of Sri Lanka Malay. Language Documentation and Conservation
7: 100–113.
Ansaldo, U. & Lim, L.
2018. Citizenship theory and fieldwork practice in Sri Lanka Malay communities. In
The Multilingual Citizen: Towards a Politics of Language for Agency and Change, L.
Lim, C.
Stroud & L.
Wee
(eds), 193–220. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
Ansaldo, U. & Matthews, S. J.
1999. The Minnan substrate and creolization in Baba Malay. Journal of Chinese Linguistics
27: 38–68.
Braddell, T.
1853. Notes of a trip to the interior from Malacca. Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia
7: 73–104.
Brennan, S. & Costa, J.
2013. Celtic commodified: The role of minority languages in Scottish and Irish national celebrations. Babel: Littératures Plurielles
27(8): 87–104.
Clammer, J. R.
1981. Straits Chinese literature: A minority literature as a vehicle of identity. In
Essays on Literature and Society in Southeast Asia: Political and Sociological Perspectives, S. C.
Tham
(ed.), 287–302. Singapore: Singapore University Press.
Coupland, N.
2010. The authentic speaker and the speech community. In
Language and Identities, C.
Llamas & D.
Watts
(eds), 99–112. Edinburgh: EUP.
Cramer, F.
2014. What is “post-digital”?
Post-Digital. <[URL]> (23 January 2019).
Davies, R.
2009. Meet the new schtick. <[URL]> (23 January 2019).
Duchêne, A. & Heller, M.
(eds). 2012. Language in Late Capitalism: Pride and Profit. New York NY: Routledge.
Eades, D.
1988. They don’t speak in an Aboriginal language, or do they?
In
Being Black: Aboriginal Cultures in “Settled” Australia, I.
Keen
(ed.), 97–115. Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press.
Earl, G. W.
1837. The Eastern Seas or Voyages and Adventures in the Indian Archipelago in 1832-33-34. London: Allen & Co.
Gensler, O. & Gil, D.
(eds). Forthcoming. Malay/Indonesian Linguistics. London: Curzon Press.
Gwee, T. H. W.
1993. Mas Sepuloh: Baba Conversational Gems. Singapore: Armour.
Gwee, T. H. W.
2006. A Baba Malay Dictionary. Singapore: Tuttle.
Hale, K., Krauss, M. & Watamohigie, L. J.
1992. Endangered languages. Language
68: 1–42.
Ho, M. L. & Platt, J.
1993. Dynamics of a Contact Continuum: Singaporean English. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Hornsby, M. & Vigers, D.
(eds). 2013. Breton: The Postvernacular Challenge. Special issue, International Journal of the Sociology of Language 223.
Kwachka, P.
1992. Discourse structures, cultural stability, and language shift. International Journal of the Sociology of Language
93(1): 67–73.
Kwok, K. W.
2000. Singapore. In
The Encyclopedia of the Chinese Overseas, L.
Pan
(ed.), 200–217. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.
Leow, R.
2016. Taming Babel: Language in the Making of Malaysia. Cambridge: CUP.
Lim, B. K.
1917. The Chinese in Malaya. In
Present Days’ Impressions of the Far East and Prominent and Progressive Chinese at Home and Abroad: The History, People, Commerce, Industries and Resources of China, Hong Kong, Indo-China, Malaya and Netherlands India, W.
Feldwisk
(ed.). 875–882. London: Globe Encyclopedia Co.
Lim, L.
2010. Peranakan English in Singapore. In
The Lesser-Known Varieties of English: An Introduction, D.
Schreier, P.
Trudgill, E. W.
Schneider & J. P.
Williams
(eds), 327–347. Cambridge: CUP.
Lim, L.
2016a. Multilingual mediators: The role of the Peranakans in the contact dynamics of Singapore. In
Multilingualism in the Chinese Diaspora World-Wide, L.
Wei
(ed.), 216–233. London: Routledge.
Lim, L. & Ansaldo, U.
2007. Identity alignment in the multilingual space: The Malays of Sri Lanka. In
Linguistic Identity in Postcolonial Multilingual Spaces, E. A.
Anchimbe
(ed.), 218–243. Cambridge: CUP.
Lim, S.
1988. Baba Malay: The language of the “Straits-born” Chinese. In
Papers in Western Austronesian Linguistics 3, H.
Steinhauer
(ed.), 1–61. Canberra: The Australian National University.
Liu, G.
1999. Singapore: A Pictorial History 1819-2000. Singapore: National Heritage Board & Editions Didier Miller.
Mufwene, S. S.
1985. The linguistic significance of African proper names in Gullah. Nieuwe West-Indische Gids /New West Indian Guide
59: 149–166.
Mufwene, S. S.
2001. The Ecology of Language Evolution. Cambridge: CUP.
Mufwene, S. S.
2002. Colonization, globalization and the plight of “weak” languages. Journal of Linguistics
38: 375–395.
Mufwene, S. S.
2004. Language birth and death. Annual Review of Anthropology
33: 201–222.
Mufwene, S. S.
2008. Language Evolution: Contact, Competition and Change. New York: Continuum.
Nathan, J.
1922. The Census of British Malaysia, 1921. London: Waterloo & Sons.
Negroponte, N.
1998. Beyond digital. Wired. <[URL]> (12 January 2019).
Outakoski, H., Cocq, C. & Steggo, P.
2018. Strengthening indigenous languages in the digital age: Social media-supported learning in Sápmi. Media International Australia
169(1): 21–31.
Pakir, A.
1986. A Linguistic Investigation of Baba Malay. PhD dissertation, University of Hawai‘i.
Pietikäinen, S., Jaffe, A., Kelly-Holmes, H. & Coupland, N.
2016. Sociolinguistics from the Periphery: Small Languages in New Circumstances. Cambridge: CUP.
Pine, J. II & Gilmore, J. H.
1998. Welcome to the experience economy. Harvard Business Review. <[URL]> (12 January 2019).
Proudfoot, I.
1986. A formative period in Malay book publishing. Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
59: 101–132.
Reershemius, G.
2009. Post-vernacular language use in a Low German linguistic community. Journal of Germanic Linguistics
21: 131–147.
Reid, A.
2000. Charting the Shape of Early Modern Southeast Asia. Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books.
Rudolph, J.
1998. Reconstructing Identities: A Social History of the Babas in Singapore. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Shandler, J.
2006. Adventures in Yiddishland: Postvernacular Language and Culture. Berkeley CA: University of California Press.
Simon, C.
2010. Baba Bling: Domestic signs of prosperity in Singapore – Review. Guardian Weekly. <[URL]> (19 October 2010).
Song, O. S.
1923. One Hundred Years’ History of the Chinese in Singapore. London: John Murray. (Reprinted 1967, Singapore: University of Malaya Press).
Tan, C. B.
1988a. Structure and change: Cultural identity of the Baba of Melaka. Bijdragen tot de Taal, Land- en Volkenkunde
144: 297–314.
Tan, C. B.
1988b. The Baba of Malacca: Culture and Identity of a Peranakan Community in Malaysia. Petaling Jaya, Selangor: Pelanduk Publications.
TPAS (The Peranakan Association of Singapore). 1994-2008. The Peranakan. Singapore: The Peranakan Association.
TPAS (The Peranakan Association of Singapore). 2013. The Peranakan. Singapore: The Peranakan Association.
Tredinnick-Rowe, J.
2017. The semiotics of minority language branding: A study of the Celtic languages. International Journal of Marketing Semiotics
25: 2–16.
Thomson, J. T.
1875. The Straits of Malacca, Indo-China and China, or Ten Years’ Travels, Adventures and Residence Abroad. London: Sampson Low; Marston: Low & Searle.
Van Zanten-Wervelman, E. A. & Goedemans, R.
2009. Prominence in Indonesian: Stress, phrases, and boundaries. Wacana. Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Budaya
11(2): 197–225.
Vaughan, J. D.
1879. Manners and Customs of the Chinese in the Straits Settlements.
Singapore: The Mission Press. (Reprinted by Oxford University Press, 1971, 1992).
Vermeulen, E. P. M.
2017. We are already living in the future: Why everyone must understand the digital age now. Hackernoon
[URL] (12 January 2019).
Woodbury, A. C.
2005. Ancestral languages and (imagined) creolisation. In
P. K.
Austin
(ed.), Language Documentation and Description, Vol. 3, 252–226. London: SOAS.
Cited by (1)
Cited by one other publication
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 4 july 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.