List of tables

Part of

Our People’s Language: Variation and change in the Lánnang-uè of the Manila Lannangs
Wilkinson Daniel Wong Gonzales
[Contact Language Library 62] 2025
► pp. xi–xiv

List of tables

Table 1.General language use of Lannangs in different settings

Table 2.Languages used by Lannang speaker-listener pairs based on my general observations from 2010 to 2020

Table 3.Languages used by Lannang speaker and non-Lannang Filipino listener pairs based on my general observations from 2010 to 2020

Table 4.Attitudes of Lannangs towards major languages used in the community based on my general observations and survey responses from 2010 to 2020

Table 5.Consonants using the Lannang orthography

Table 6.Vowels using the Lannang orthography

Table 7.Tones using the Lannang orthography

Table 8.Example Swadesh list elicitation task completed by a 24-year old male Lannang

Table 9.Proportion of speakers in selecting a particular source language variant to express basic Lánnang‑uè vocabulary

Table 10.Consonants of Lánnang‑uè

Table 11.Diphthongs in Lánnang‑uè

Table 12.Syllable type and examples (boldface indicates emphasis)

Table 13.Tones in Lánnang‑uè

Table 14.Tones in Mandarin and Mandarin-sourced words
in Lánnang‑uè

Table 15.The classifiers of Lánnang‑uè

Table 16.Personal pronouns

Table 17.Derivational prefixes in the noun phrase domain

Table 18.Modals in Lánnang‑uè

Table 19.Aspect markers in Lánnang‑uè

Table 20.Negative markers in Lánnang‑uè

Table 21.List of the most common verb phrase adverbs, with origin and distribution

Table 22.Frequency distribution of variants for selected adverbs

Table 23.Clause-level constituent orders

Table 24.The prepositions of Lánnang‑uè

Table 25.The conjunctions of Lánnang‑uè

Table 26.Common interjections in Lánnang‑uè
(with linguistic source)

Table 27.Discourse particles

Table 28.Distribution of participants by factors of interest
in this chapter

Table 29.Distribution of stimuli (prosody)

Table 30.Linear regression results for syllable duration

Table 31.Frequency of Lánnang‑uè words that did not have lexical tone, by source language

Table 32.Generalized linear mixed-effects regression (with logistic link function) results — likelihood to use lexical tone in a Lánnang‑uè word)

Table 33.Frequency syllables that did not adhere to the CVT/CV tone pattern, by syllable structure

Table 34.Frequency of syllables that did not adhere to the CVR-Tagalog/CVR-English tone pattern, by source language

Table 35.Linear regression results for final syllable pitch slope

Table 36.Conjunction variants by conjunction variable and source language (attested in the Lannang Corpus)

Table 37.Preposition variants by preposition variable and source language (attested in the Lannang Corpus)

Table 38.Distribution speakers by social groups of interest
in this study

Table 39.Factors that each conjunction and preposition token
was coded for

Table 40.Thomason and Kaufman’s (1988) borrowing scale

Table 41.Summary of main effects of selected robust variables

Table 42.Distribution of participants by factors of interest
in this chapter

Table 43.Blocks, condition, and stimuli for the wh-question production experiment

Table 44.Conditions, and items for the wh-question acceptability experiment

Table 45.Sample item set for argument wh-questions

Table 46.Sample item set for adjunct wh-questions

Table 47.Distribution of wh-phrases (in the questions) that did not conform to the position distributional pattern, by type

Table 48.Linear regression results for likelihood to put the wh-phrase sentence-initially

Table 49.Linear regression results for likelihood to put the why-phrase sentence-initially

Table 50.Linear regression results for likelihood to put the how/when/where/who/what-phrase sentence-initially

Table 51.Distribution of ratings that did not conform to the position distributional patterm, by type

Table 52.Spread scores by position and wh-phrase type

Table 53.Intra- and interspeaker variation scores by position
and wh-phrase type

Table 54.Linear regression results — likelihood to adhere to wh-question distributional pattern based on acceptability judgments

Table 55.Linear regression results — ratings of sentence-initial constructions featuring why-phrases

Table 56.Linear regression results — ratings of sentence-medial constructions featuring why-phrases

Table 57.Linear regression results — ratings of sentence-initial constructions featuring how/when/where/object who/object what-phrases)

Table 58.Linear regression results — ratings of constructions featuring sentence-medial how-/when-/where-phrases and sentence-final object who-/what-phrases

Table 59.Frequency and percentage distribution of source language variants by independent variables (conjunctions)

Table 60.Bayesian model posterior draw estimates for predictors inﬂuencing likelihood to use Hokkien-, English- and Tagalog-sourced conjunction variants

Table 61.Frequency and percentage distribution of source language variants by independent variables (prepositions)

Table 62.Bayesian model posterior draw estimates for predictors inﬂuencing likelihood to use Hokkien-, English- and Tagalog-sourced preposition variants

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