Index

• 15-M 124–130 , 134–135 , 138, 140–145

• academia39, 67, 87, 282

• AfD 184–185 , 198, 203, 213, 225–226 , 285–314

• aggression70, 354

• agonism, agonistic40, 104–105 , 112, 120, 141, 145

• AKP 101–122 , 176

• alignment48, 51, 55–56 , 61, 204, 263

• alt-right232, 234

• Alternative für Deutschland See AfD

• antagonism29, 30, 32, 74–78 , 82, 83, 87, 104, 137, 141, 145, 151, 163, 176, 231, 242, 251, 252, 270, 276, 288, 290, 342

• antagonistic20, 22, 31, 32, 64, 77, 79, 80, 83, 87, 94, 102–105 , 112, 118, 120, 129, 135, 141–142 , 150, 152, 159, 162–168 , 231, 259, 265, 274, 279, 347, 350–358

• anti-democratic45, 102–107 , 110–111 , 120–121

• anti-intellectualism76, 231

• appraisal48, 70, 90

• argumentation 43–47 , 51, 62, 70–71 , 179, 199, 224, 227, 229, 233, 239, 240–241 , 246, 250–256 , 304, 354

• argumentative texts46

• articulation19, 21, 29, 36–40 , 74–75 , 96–97 , 102–111 , 119–123 , 143, 150–161 , 164–168 , 177, 198, 259, 263, 281

• articulatory practice37, 77, 81, 95

• austerity33, 51, 57, 73, 78, 80–83 , 87–98 , 125, 127, 163, 261, 270–276 , 279–281

• authoritarian26, 101, 103, 107–108 , 117–120 , 197, 261, 281

• authoritarian populism101, 118–119

• bad manners36, 181–182 , 196, 336

• befolkning 158

• Berlusconi, Silvio31, 79

• borgere 158

• Brexit20, 34, 43–47 , 50–55 , 58, 60, 62, 65–69 , 165, 194, 229–230 , 241, 244–247 , 251, 253–254

• Bürger201, 202, 206–207 , 213, 221, 224, 289–294 , 299–304 , 307–310

• casta 35, 83–84 , 129–130 , 133, 135, 137–142

• caste30, 35, 75, 190

• CDU 210–212 , 220, 286, 299, 300, 303, 312

• centre-left78, 80, 84, 261, 277

• centre-right80, 84, 155, 261

• chain of equivalence32, 37, 102, 104, 111, 113, 133

• charismatic leader158

• citizenry276, 301–302 , 307

• citizen, citizens19, 30, 38, 50–54 , 62–66 , 83–86 , 89–94 , 110, 128, 129, 134–137 , 142–143 , 158, 171, 173, 176, 201, 202, 204, 206–207 , 209, 213–216 , 220–264 , 267, 270–280 , 289–294 , 299–311 , 316, 320–323 , 332–344

• civil society113, 116, 131–132 , 136, 152, 165, 171, 183, 188–190 , 198

• class28, 53, 69, 81–84 , 95, 115, 124, 129, 130, 136, 140, 149, 150, 153, 159–164 , 169, 176, 185, 199, 205, 222–223 , 229, 236, 242–243 , 251, 253, 262, 270, 280–281 , 294, 302, 312, 349

• collective subject 149–153 , 158–159 , 161–162 , 168

• communicative style178, 288

• community30, 44, 48, 53, 56, 111, 141, 149–151 , 158–169 , 174–179 , 184, 186, 192–193 , 206, 220, 248, 254, 272, 291

• conservatism 37–38 , 110, 114, 235, 236

• conservative26, 37, 50–56 , 65, 80, 85–86 , 101–103 , 106, 109–122 , 127–129 , 154–156 , 164, 177, 184, 187, 191, 211, 261, 357–358

• Conservative Party 222–223 , 229, 235–237

• context19, 23, 26, 33, 40, 47, 70–75 , 78–90 , 96, 99, 105–110 , 117, 124–127 , 130, 135–139 , 147, 149, 150, 152, 156, 158, 162, 169–180 , 190, 207, 213–217 , 222, 224, 230–231 , 258, 268, 281, 285–288 , 301, 305, 310–312 , 319–320 , 329, 333, 339, 345, 348, 350, 354, 357–359

• Corbyn, Jeremy151, 253

• corpus linguistics70, 226–228 , 341, 348, 359

• counter-discourse74, 92, 94

• crisis23, 33, 41–42 , 51, 53–60 , 66, 71–83 , 87, 90–99 , 105–109 , 113, 119–122 , 125–130 , 134, 141, 143, 145, 151, 155–156 , 173, 177–187 , 195–199 , 232, 235, 238, 241–247 , 251, 253, 255, 258, 261, 270, 274–279 , 280, 288, 304, 313, 336, 342–343 , 360

• Critical Discourse Analysis, CDA34, 81, 97, 229, 230, 237–238 , 254, 256, 341, 355, 359, 361

• Danish People’s Party149, 155–158 , 163, 165, 169

• danskere 159–160

• definitional-evaluative cluster47, 51, 59, 61

• demand, demands19, 20, 29, 32–33 , 37, 49, 51, 55, 64, 74–80 , 83, 95–96 , 101–120 , 136, 126, 138, 142–144 , 152–154 , 161–162 , 166, 168, 180–181 , 193, 198, 221, 243, 247, 253, 257–259 , 262, 264, 268, 271, 274, 279, 281, 299

• democracy27, 31, 33, 38–41 , 53, 55–57 , 74, 76, 85–86 , 89, 91, 93–94 , 97–98 , 111, 113, 115, 121–122 , 126, 132–135 , 140–146 , 151–156 , 160, 162, 167–170 , 175, 184, 186–189 , 192–195 , 198, 202, 214–216 , 225, 230–233 , 241, 243, 251, 253, 255–260 , 279, 282, 301–306 , 309–312 , 318, 332, 337, 342–343

• democratic26, 32, 41, 45, 55–58 , 73, 78, 80, 93, 95, 98, 101–121 , 141, 144–146 , 150–163 , 166–169 , 175, 181, 187, 197, 231, 245, 251, 257–262 , 270–283 , 302–303 , 308–310 , 342–343

• democratic populism101, 105, 119

• Denmark 149–150 , 154, 156, 161, 164–168

• dialogical expansion and contraction43, 48

• dialogicity46, 48–49 , 51, 57–58 , 64–68

• dialogue43, 45–46 , 49, 58–68 , 70, 188, 215, 220, 226, 279

• disalignment48, 263, 351, 356

• discourse studies43, 70, 146, 171, 200, 253–255

• discourse theory19, 36, 39–40 , 81, 99, 101, 123–126 , 149, 237–238

• discursive strategy, strategies46, 68, 81, 95, 177, 229, 230, 232, 243, 288, 341–360

• dislocation79, 125–126

• diversity20, 24–25 , 32, 76–77 , 132, 134, 161, 189, 191

• DPP 149–150 , 155

• dramatization234, 351, 354, 357

• economic crisis56, 79–81 , 83, 87, 96, 106–107 , 113, 127, 129, 134, 151, 270, 280

• editorialists43, 45, 54, 60, 66–68

• elite, elites19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 44, 51–58 , 61, 66, 78, 80–88 , 96, 102–103 , 106–117 , 128–130 , 135, 137–8 , 140–141 , 143, 145, 149–153 , 159, 160–169 , 173, 175–177 , 180–181 , 184–186 , 190, 193–198 , 204, 206, 225, 229–234 , 238–239 , 242–245 , 251–254 , 257, 259, 267, 274, 276, 279–281 , 296, 303–304 , 318, 331, 342, 346, 347, 350, 354, 355, 357

• emotion52, 330, 331, 335

• emotional22, 52, 126, 351, 354–355 , 357, 361

• emotional appeals351, 354–355 , 357

• employment 91–93 , 154, 255, 272

• empty signifier101, 102, 104, 108, 119–120 , 230, 279

• En Comú 124, 127, 133–135

• En Marea 127, 135, 143

• engagement39, 43, 45, 48, 51, 61, 67, 70, 242, 263

• Essex School81, 99, 102, 151–153

• EU, European Union32, 51–57 , 62–66 , 75, 82, 89, 96, 107, 110, 112, 122, 149, 150, 162–171 , 194, 196, 210–212 , 222, 229, 235–236 , 241, 243, 245–252 , 266, 270, 278, 285, 344, 347, 350, 353–358

• Europe19, 23, 25, 33, 37, 39–41 , 44, 45, 49–50 , 60, 62, 65, 73, 80, 82, 86–89 , 94, 98–105 , 122, 131, 136, 153, 165, 167, 170–171 , 175, 178, 181, 183, 189, 194–210 , 213, 215, 219–220 , 222–228 , 235, 236, 248, 252, 257, 278, 281–283 , 286–287 , 313, 337–338 , 359–360

• Euroscepticism51, 222–223

• Eurozone crisis74, 79–80 , 82, 96, 99

• evaluation 46–48 , 51, 54, 59, 60, 66–67 , 70–71 , 264, 273

• evidential markers352, 355, 359

• exclusion40, 245, 257–259

• fӕlesskab 159, 161

• fantasmatic logics29, 126, 142

• Farage, Nigel34, 53, 229, 230–237 , 240, 243, 245–248 , 252, 254

• FIDESZ343, 345, 347, 350, 352, 357–359

• floating signifier129, 133

• folkelighed 158

• folket 158

• France62, 136, 186, 201–202 , 213–214 , 220, 226–227 , 283

• free trade166

• Front National34, 40, 338

• GDR173, 175–177 , 188, 189–195 , 198

• gente 35, 83–84 , 123, 128

• Germany24, 87–89 , 127, 136, 173–179 , 183–202 , 209, 213, 220, 226, 278, 285–288 , 292–297 , 302, 306–313 , 338

• globalisation23, 52–56 , 60, 65, 69, 76–79 , 219–220

• globalist discourse165

• Glynos, Jason20, 21, 23, 29, 39–40 , 79, 98, 105, 121, 123–126 , 141, 145

• Gramsci, Antonio74, 89, 124, 126, 132, 141, 145

• Great Recession78, 98

• Grillo, Beppe81, 85

• Haider, Jörg311

• hegemonic, hegemony20, 24, 28, 38, 40, 41, 73, 74, 75, 78, 79n3, 83, 89, 90, 94–98 , 103–106 , 112, 114–118 , 143–146 , 150, 163–165 , 169, 177, 181, 239, 255, 278, 360

• heterogeneity159, 191, 195, 223

• heteroglossia43, 48–49 , 57–58 , 65–66

• historic bloc138, 141, 160

• Howarth, David 21–24 , 27, 29, 37, 40, 79, 81, 98–99 , 123–126 , 141, 145

• Hungary 341–344 , 348, 354, 359, 360

• Hunston, Susan46, 71

• hybrid74, 143, 149–154 , 157, 159, 166, 169, 179, 281

• identities, identity23, 30–33 , 37, 40, 42, 44, 51–54 , 66–68 , 76, 79, 80, 83, 86, 89, 96, 99, 104, 110, 122, 125, 133–134 , 139, 147, 155, 156, 159–162 , 164, 169, 170, 173, 179, 184, 187, 198–200 , 210, 234, 238–239 , 254, 268, 270, 277, 283, 311, 331, 342, 347, 350, 353–357 , 360–361

• ideological frames124

• ideological, ideology 20–29 , 31–33 , 37, 39–42 , 47, 49, 60, 74–77 , 80–81 , 85, 87–89 , 95–99 , 101, 103, 105–107 , 110, 115, 121–124 , 127, 153, 155–156 , 162, 167, 175, 177, 178, 180, 186–187 , 191, 195–197 , 199, 203, 213, 225, 227, 230, 236, 242, 252–253 , 256, 258–259 , 261, 277–278 , 282, 288, 295, 337–338 , 342, 353

• Iglesias, Pablo83, 86, 98, 123–124 , 127, 129, 132–134 , 136–141 , 144

• illiberal45, 107, 231, 302, 342–343

• imaginaries, imaginary79, 81, 125, 133, 135, 139, 140, 146, 166, 196, 356

• immigrant, immigrants55, 63, 66, 230, 236, 245, 250–255 , 288, 292, 294, 332, 347, 350, 358

• immigration23, 33, 51–54 , 57, 60, 63–66 , 69, 101, 155, 164–165 , 184–185 , 197, 229, 234–236 , 240–241 , 245–247 , 250, 252, 254, 283, 311, 331, 341–345 , 352

• inclusion159, 163, 257, 259, 260, 276

• indirect speech219, 355

• inequality149, 150, 151, 153, 160, 164, 166, 169, 178

• institutionalism77

• Islam33, 113, 121, 182–185 , 189, 191, 193, 278, 331–332

• Islamic populism102

• Italy43, 50, 73, 79, 80–81 , 87–90 , 93, 97, 99, 136, 312, 337

• Jobbik345, 359

• Justice and Development PartySee AKP

• justified grievances 51–54 , 69

• knowledge124, 245–247 , 251, 254, 271, 296, 333, 352

• Laclau, Ernesto 19–42 , 73, 74, 77, 79, 81, 95, 98–111 , 120–128 , 142–146 , 180, 181, 203, 225, 227, 230, 237–238 , 254–255 , 259, 282

• Labour Party 52–54 , 151, 221–223 , 229, 235–236 , 245, 253

• left-wing21, 25, 27, 31–38 , 42, 45, 54, 75, 81, 98–101 , 127, 138, 145–146 , 149–163 , 166, 168, 171, 213, 220, 277, 279, 281, 283, 344, 347, 349, 354, 357

• left-wing populism25, 36, 42, 81, 98–99 , 145–146 , 149–153 , 156, 160, 168, 171, 281, 283

• Le Pen, Marine167, 171, 344

• lexicography73, 75, 82, 282

• liberal31, 41, 52, 55, 65–67 , 106–121 , 152, 154–158 , 160, 163–167 , 181, 184, 231, 236, 244, 258–262 , 264, 268, 270, 272–279 , 282, 302, 304, 318, 341–345

• liberal democracy31, 55, 113, 152, 160, 279, 302, 342

• logic, logics 19–21 , 24, 28–38 , 40, 44, 45, 47, 52, 68, 73–75 , 77–83 , 87, 90–98 , 102–104 , 121, 123–126 , 140–142 , 145, 153, 162–163 , 166–167 , 178, 180, 187, 190, 226, 230, 233, 251, 259, 260, 274, 277, 281–282 , 313, 342, 359

• logic of difference79, 142

• logic of equivalence32, 78, 83, 141, 259

• logics of critical explanation29, 40, 98, 145

• M5S 73–78 , 80–90 , 92–96 , 98, 312

• Martin, James R.42, 48, 69–70 , 255, 283, 361

• media 34–39 , 43–44 , 65, 70–71 , 75, 87, 89, 113, 116, 126, 132, 138, 147, 151, 155, 179, 182–189 , 192–193 , 195–198 , 215, 227, 229, 232–237 , 240, 254–256 , 261, 263, 290, 292, 302, 306, 319, 339, 342, 359, 361

• mennesker 158, 170

• menschen 202–203 , 205, 209–210 , 216–217 , 219–221 , 223, 291, 296–300 , 302–303

• mensen 35

• Merkel, Angela87, 220, 286, 292, 295, 299, 304, 309

• meta-narratives125

• metadiscourse, metadiscursive61, 65, 67, 255

• metaphor, metaphors62, 73, 75, 82–83 , 87–89 , 92, 97, 98–99 , 123–126 , 130–131 , 135–137 , 139–140 , 145–146 , 181, 244, 246, 251, 255, 269, 271, 282, 287, 303, 336, 338

• metapolitical160, 171, 177

• migrant, migrants56, 157, 189, 229, 238, 245–247 , 253, 285, 303–304 , 308, 344, 348, 357–358

• migration40, 52, 156, 161, 165, 173, 176, 184–185 , 189–190 , 194, 239–240 , 245–246 , 251, 253, 311, 342, 344, 348, 357–358

• millet 102, 111, 115–116 , 120, 176

• monoglossia49, 57–58 , 65

• Mouffe, Chantal30, 32, 37, 41–42 , 78, 81, 98, 103–105 , 122, 125–126 , 146, 153, 157, 170, 231, 237–238 , 255

• Movimento Cinque Stelle See M5S

• myth60, 141, 143, 191

• narrative analysis123

• nationalism, nationalist20, 26–28 , 30–31 , 34, 37–39 , 51–53 , 60, 99, 106–107 , 110, 119, 129, 133, 144, 145, 161–166 , 169–170 , 177–178 , 184, 197, 210–211 , 235, 248, 253–254 , 285, 342, 343, 357, 358

• neoliberal, neoliberalism25, 31, 33, 37, 41, 73–74 , 78–80 , 83–92 , 94–98 , 107, 110, 113, 117–118 , 122, 135–136 , 143, 149, 150, 152–154 , 156, 158, 163, 165–166 , 254

• Netherlands7, 144, 318–339

• New Right 173–174 , 177–178 , 186, 196, 200

• newspaper, newspapers44, 46–47 , 50–51 , 57, 62, 64–68 , 105, 137, 166, 188, 237, 262, 286–287 , 360

• nodal point, nodal points29, 30, 133, 150, 152, 158–159 , 160–162 , 168, 181, 238, 241, 251, 279

• ontological narrative, narratives125, 140, 141, 143

• opinion makers45, 61, 66

• opinion piece, pieces 43–46 , 49–50 , 59, 60–67

• Orbán, Viktor31, 347–359

• organic crisis74, 108, 126, 141

• ostalgia191, 193, 197

• PAH138

• parliamentary debates82, 201–204 , 207–208 , 213, 216, 220, 223–225 , 228, 279, 314, 341, 344–346 , 350

• Partido Popular See PP

• Party for FreedomSee PVV

• patria 123, 128

• Patriotische Europäer gegen die Islamisierung des Abendlandes See PEGIDA

• patronizing357

• PDL19, 258, 261, 264, 272–280

• Pechtold, Alexander315, 317–335

• PEGIDA34, 173–200 , 203, 227, 286, 313

• performance41, 109, 146, 175, 178–181 , 184, 198–199 , 338

• performative strategy178, 243

• personal pronoun, pronouns129, 130, 333

• plurinationality132, 134–135 , 141

• Podemos20, 25, 35, 37, 73–78 , 80–99 , 101, 123–147 , 151, 157, 312

• poetic logics125

• polarization119, 163, 183, 344, 347, 349, 357

• political logic, logics19, 20, 21, 24, 28–32 , 34, 36, 38, 44, 75, 77, 103, 121, 125–126 , 141, 180, 226, 230, 233, 251, 259, 282, 313, 342, 359

• politics of necessity 163–164 , 168

• populist discourse22, 43, 48, 49, 61, 63, 83, 101–105 , 108, 112–115 , 119–121 , 145, 150, 153, 159, 163, 165–168 , 225, 231–232 , 237, 240, 259–260 , 281, 286, 317, 334, 336, 338, 341–342 , 346–347 , 357–358

• populist formation142

• populist heteroglossia49, 57–58 , 65

• populist hybrids153

• populist logic21, 35, 37, 73–74 , 77, 8083, 87, 90, 94–97 , 153, 162, 166, 260, 281

• populist projects33, 180, 258

• populist radical right23, 25–27 , 33–39 , 41, 122, 255

• populist turn 149–151 , 153, 157, 162, 165, 167, 169, 235

• positioning169, 263, 277, 319

• post-communist258, 283

• post-democratic78, 197

• post-foundational78, 98

• post-Marxism, post-Marxist38, 99, 122

• post-political74, 78, 80, 89, 96

• power30, 33, 60–61 , 71, 73, 75–76 , 83, 86, 91, 93, 95–97 , 101–108 , 111–126 , 129, 132, 137–146 , 154–155 , 159, 162–166 , 176, 180, 184–185 , 187–188 , 190, 192, 195, 204, 215, 225, 234, 245, 254, 259, 260, 262, 265, 267–268 , 271, 283, 290, 296, 299, 300, 303, 327–328 , 333, 339, 344

• PP73, 85, 123, 127, 130, 132, 134, 138–139 , 141, 145–147

• pragmatic marker341, 359

• pragmatic markers341, 349, 352, 357–359

• press 38–44 , 50, 67, 70–71 , 82, 97–98 , 121–122 , 145–147 , 188, 199, 226–227 , 234, 243, 248, 254–256 , 262, 281–283 , 292, 301, 305–306 , 313, 337–339 , 359, 361

• propaganda43, 45

• prosody46, 306

• PSOE73, 85, 127, 129–132 , 134, 138–141

• public narratives125

• public sphere, spheres44, 49, 230, 232–233 , 238, 357

• pueblo 35, 39, 83, 84, 123, 170

• PVV318, 332

• racism37, 63, 70, 189, 196, 200, 245, 255, 314

• racist26, 34, 63, 178, 210, 252, 288

• radical centre78, 98

• radical left75, 146, 150–153 , 158–159 , 170–171

• recoding125, 129, 133

• Red-Green AllianceSee RGA

• rescaling 79–80 , 82, 90, 93, 96

• restructuring79, 80, 82, 90, 96

• retrotopia184, 199

• RGA 149–151 , 154–169 , 171

• rhetoric analysis123, 139

• right-wing21, 25, 36, 38–39 , 42, 48, 50, 54, 99, 101–108 , 120–123 , 128–129 , 131, 134, 145, 149–150 , 153–158 , 161–167 , 171, 177–178 , 183–187 , 192, 196, 200, 229, 230, 235, 244–245 , 251, 254–256 , 277, 279, 283, 285–288 , 313–314 , 343–347 , 353, 356–357 , 360

• right-wing populism39, 99, 101–102 , 121, 131, 145, 153–154 , 167, 171, 183–184 , 187, 200, 235, 254, 313, 353, 360

• Romania 257–258 , 260–261 , 264–268 , 270–282

• security51, 130–131 , 161, 166, 168, 187, 192, 219, 247

• selective presentation341, 351, 353, 357–358

• semantic prosody46, 306

• semantic role217, 221, 335

• signifier, signifiers22, 28, 30–31 , 44, 67, 80, 101–104 , 108, 113–114 , 116, 119–120 , 129, 133, 150, 158–160 , 162, 176, 181, 230–231 , 238–239 , 267, 274, 279, 286, 291, 299

• social democracy89, 91, 151–154 , 156, 162, 169, 257

• social logic, logics29, 125, 126

• social media 43–44 , 184, 186, 192, 229, 232–234 , 240, 254–256

• social-liberal union258, 261, 264, 268, 282

• sovereignty64, 75, 80, 82, 85–86 , 89, 91–94 , 96, 133–135 , 140–142 , 145, 149–150 , 157, 163, 165–168 , 175, 195, 225, 231, 242, 245, 248, 309

• Soviet Union175, 258

• space of dialogue43, 45–46 , 59, 67–68 , 70

• Spain73, 79–81 , 87, 91, 93, 98–99 , 123–129 , 132–133 , 136, 139–141 , 144–147 , 287, 312

• Stavrakakis, Yannis20, 22, 24, 27–29 , 31, 33–34 , 37, 39, 40, 42, 45, 49, 71, 76, 81, 99, 101, 104, 122, 130, 145, 152–153 , 171, 230, 255, 260, 279, 281, 283

• strategies of dialogicity57, 64

• style20, 22, 24, 27, 35–36 , 40–41 , 52, 58, 67, 146, 173–174 , 178–184 , 199, 200, 227, 254–255 , 288, 302, 311, 313, 337–339 , 354, 357–358

• subject 29–30 , 77, 80, 82–83 , 95–96 , 103, 111, 133, 149–153 , 157–162 , 168, 207, 217, 221, 225, 234, 257, 259, 271, 274, 276, 286, 290, 300, 305–307 , 310, 317–318 , 321–337

• subjectivity70, 104, 230, 339, 350, 354, 357

• synecdoche 123–124 , 126, 128, 131–134 , 139, 145, 240

• syntactic position217, 221, 315, 317, 321–327 , 330, 334

• SYRIZA25, 37, 42, 89, 96, 99, 101, 122, 146, 151, 157, 171, 283

• Tangentopoli scandal81

• technocracy74, 80

• Thatcher, Margaret31, 85

• Third Way78, 155

• Thompson, Geoff46, 71

• topoi, topos43, 47, 48, 50, 51, 55–56 , 59, 62–64 , 70, 229, 240–241 , 246, 249, 251, 270

• transversal struggle138

• tropes 124–125 , 139, 196, 240

• Trump, Donald20, 36, 53–54 , 165, 190

• Turkey 101–102 , 106, 108, 111–112 , 117–122 , 211, 212

• UK, United Kingdom34, 43–44 , 5058, 67, 70, 121, 165, 204–205 , 208, 217–222 , 228–229 , 232, 235, 241, 244–248 , 251–256 , 265, 320, 359

• UKIP 203–204 , 229, 230, 235–255

• USA, United States21, 26–28 , 34–38 , 45, 50, 55, 58–59 , 65–66 , 69–70 , 77, 82, 86, 87, 89, 104, 114, 126, 130, 132–140 , 151, 158–159 , 161–165 , 168, 174, 178, 182, 192, 194, 203, 209, 213, 217–218 , 221, 225, 231, 241, 243–246 , 251, 268–269 , 273, 276, 286, 290, 304, 307–309 , 345–348

• USL 258–281

• Vico, Giambattista 124–125 , 147

• Vlaams Belang 34–35 , 39

• Volk 34–35 , 173–227 , 285–314 , 339

• Volksbewegung 192

• war of manoeuvre124, 131, 142

• war of position124, 142

• welfare policies168

• welfare state91, 154, 157, 161–162

• White, Hayden48, 69–70 , 83, 99, 124–125 , 128–129 , 133, 147, 258, 263, 277, 283

• White, Peter R. R.48, 69–70 , 83, 99, 124–125 , 128–129 , 133, 147, 258, 263, 277, 283

• Wilders, Geert167, 171, 191, 232, 315–335 , 339

• xenophobia53, 165