Article published in:
Diachronica
Vol. 35:1 (2018) ► pp. 1–34

Areal pressure in grammatical evolution

An Indo-European case study

| Lund University | University of Zurich
| Lund University
| Lund University
| Lund University
| University of Queensland | University of Surrey
This article investigates the evolutionary and spatial dynamics of typological characters in 117 Indo-European languages. We partition types of change (i.e., gain or loss) for each variant according to whether they bring about a simplification in morphosyntactic patterns that must be learned, whether they are neutral (i.e., neither simplifying nor introducing complexity) or whether they introduce a more complex pattern. We find that changes which introduce complexity show significantly less areal signal (according to a metric we devise) than changes which simplify and neutral changes, but we find no significant differences between the latter two groups. This result is compatible with a scenario where certain types of parallel change are more likely to be mediated by advergence and contact between proximate speech communities, while other developments are due purely to drift and are largely independent of intercultural contact.
Keywords: historical linguistics, evolutionary linguistics, areal linguistics, typological change, Indo-European, language contact, complexity
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Previous literature
    • 2.1Quantitative typology
    • 2.2Phylogenetic linguistics and graphical models
  • 3.Materials and methods
  • 4.Data
    • 4.1DiACL
      • 4.1.1Areal dynamics across the dataset
    • 4.2Tree sample
      • 4.2.1Ancestry constraints
  • 5.Model
    • 5.1Evolutionary model
      • 5.1.1Rate inference
    • 5.2Changes in time and space
      • 5.2.1Character mapping
      • 5.2.2Ancestral state reconstruction
      • 5.2.3Birth/death simulation
  • 6.Results
    • 6.1Evaluation metrics
      • 6.1.1Capturing data at tips
      • 6.1.2Capturing ancient/medieval data
      • 6.1.3Dependencies
    • 6.2Reconstructions
    • 6.3Analysis
  • 7.Discussion
  • 8.Conclusion
  • Appendices
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • References
Available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC) 4.0 license.

For any use beyond this license, please contact the publisher at rights@benjamins.nl.

Published online: 16 April 2018
https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.16035.cat
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Areal pressure in grammatical evolution
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