Article published In:
Diachronica: Online-First ArticlesA diachronic account of Present Day Standard Danish stop gradation
Phonological reorganization through prosodically conditioned chain shifts and mergers
In certain contexts, Present Day Standard Danish displays an unusual pattern of alternations between voiceless
stops and semivowels often referred to as stop gradation. Stop gradation is traditionally considered a synchronic
phonological process, but evidence for this analysis is based almost exclusively on non-productive morphology. Here, we argue that
the structural generalization captured by a synchronic analysis is better accounted for with reference to the history of Danish,
and to well-understood constraints on articulation and perception which led to prosodically conditioned chain shifts and mergers
through gradual, continuous changes in the realization of consonant allophones. Inspired by the change-chance-choice
model of sound change in Evolutionary Phonology, we outline the historical trajectory that led to the synchronic stop gradation
patterns, and the well-known phonetic pressures underlying them; these pressures pulled the allophone distributions of stops in
different prosodic contexts in very different directions.
Keywords: Danish, North Germanic, sound change, lenition, obstruent voicing, laryngeal contrast, Evolutionary Phonology, merger, chain shift
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 1.1The traditional analysis of Danish consonant gradation
- 1.2The alternative analysis of consonant gradation proposed by Horslund et al. (2022)
- 2.The history of Present Day Standard Danish stops and semivowels
- 2.1The development of semivowels and the loss of geminates
- 2.2The history of closure voicing in strong position
- 3.Evolutionary Phonology and the CCC-model
- 4.Stop gradation in four diachronic steps
- 4.1Degemination and singleton voicing in weak position
- 4.2Loss of closure in weak position
- 4.3Increased aperture in weak position
- 4.4Recategorization of weak allophones
- 5.Discussion and conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- Notes
-
References
Published online: 20 December 2024
https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.23068.pug
https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.23068.pug
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