In the classic Greek conception, axiology is the study of values or decisions displayed in behavior (ethics, aesthetics, politics, rhetoric). Whereas, dialogue is the study of discourse or choices displayed in judgement (dialectic, sophistic, rhetoric, maieutic). I examine, in a preliminary way, the dynamics of human communicology (decision choices) wherein the method of semiotic phenomenology accounts for Husserl’s (1929; 1933) maxim that “subjectivity is intersubjectivity” (155). The primary methodology for this analysis is the chiasm logic of Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Michel Foucault, and Claude Lévi-Strauss, identifying middle voice [G. gērys] as the essence of the human.
Barthes, Roland. 1964. “Éléments de sémiologie”, Communications 4: 91–135. Trans. Annette Lavers and Colin Smith, Elements of Semiology. New York, NY: Hill and Wang; Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1967.
Barthes, Roland. 1970. “L’Ancienne rhétorique. Aide-mémoire”, Communications 16: 172–229. Trans. Richard Howard, “The Old Rhetoric: an aide-mémoire”, 11–93. In The Semiotic Challenge. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1994.
Berman, Sanford I. (ed.). 1989. Logic and General Semantics: Writings of Oliver L. Reiser and Others. San Francisco, CA: International Society for General Semantics.
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1972. Esquisse d’une théorie de la pratique, précédé de trois études d’ethnologie Kabyle. Switzerland: Libraire Droz S. A. Trans. by Richard Nice, Outline of a Theory of Practice. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1977.
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1980. Le sens pratique. Paris: Les Éditions de Minuit. Trans. by Richard Nice, The Logic of Practice. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1990.
Brownell, Judi. 2014. “Elwood Murray: Pioneering Methodologist in Communication.” Communication Education 63 (4): 329–343
Descombes, Vincent. 1979. Le Même et L’Autre. Paris: Éditions de Minuit. Trans. by L. Scott-Fox and J. M. Harding, Modern French Philosophy [sic]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980.
Dewey, John. 1927. The Public and Its Problems. Athens, OH: Swallow Press; Ohio University Press, 1954.
William Dominik and Jon Hall (eds.). 2007. A Companion to Roman Rhetoric. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Eco, Umberto. 1976. A Theory of Semiotics. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Ehring, Douglas. 2011. Tropes: Properties, Objects, and Mental Causation. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Fisher, Harwood. 2001. The Subjective Self: A Portrait Inside Logical Space. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
Fisher, Harwood. 2009. Self, Logic, and Figurative Thinking. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
Follett, Mary Parker. 1918. The New State: Group Organization the Solution of Popular Government. New York, NY: Longmans, Green and Co.
Foucault, Michel. 1971. L’Ordre du discours. Paris: Éditions Gallimard. Trans. by A. M. Sheridan Smith. as “The Discourse on Language” (sic), Appendix, 215–237. In The Archaeology of Knowledge. New York: Pantheon Books; Random House, 1972.
Greimas, Algridas J.1966. Sémantique structurale: Recherche de méthode. Paris: Libraire Larouse. Trans. by Daniele McDowell, Ronald Schleifer, and Alan Velie, Intro. by Ronald Schleifer, Structural Semantics: An Attempt at Method. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1983.
Greimas, Algridas J. and Joseph Courtés. 1979. Sémiotique: Dictionaire raisonne de la theorie du langage. Paris: Libraire Hachette. Trans. by Larry Crist and Daniel Patte, et al., Semiotics and Language: An Analytical Dictionary. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1982.
Gusdorf, Georges. 1953. La Parole. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. Trans. by Paul T. Brockelman. Speaking [La Parole]. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1965.
Hagège, Claude. 1985. L’Homme du Parole: Contribution linguistique aux sciences humaines. Paris: Libraire Arthème Fayard. Trans. by Sharon L. Shelly, The Dialogic Species: A Linguistic Contribution to the Social Sciences (sic). New York, NK: Columbia University Press, 1990.
Holenstein, Elmar. 1974a. Roman Jakobson, ou sur le structuralisme phénoménologique. Paris: Editions Seghers. From the doctoral Habilitationschrift, Zurich 1974; Roman Jakobson phänomenologischer Strukturalismus, Frankfurt am Main, GR: Suhrkamp, 1975. Trans. by Catherine Schelbert and Tarcisius Schelbert, Roman Jakobson’s Approach to Language: Phenomenological Structuralism. Bloomington and London: Indiana University Press, 1976.
Holenstein, Elmar. 1974b. “The Axes of Language”, pp. 138–152; “Encoding Decoding Chiasm”, p. 145. In Roman Jakobson’s Approach to Language: Phenomenological Structuralism.
Holenstein, Elmar. 1975. “Jakobson and Husserl: A Contribution to the Genealogy of Structuralism.” The Human Context 7: 61–83.
Hjelmslev, Louis Trolle. 1943. Omkring sprogteoriens grundlœggelse. Festskrift udgivet af Københavnx Universitet I anledning af Universitetets Aarsfest, November 1943, 3–113; also published separately by Ejnar Munksgaard, Copenhagen, 1943. Trans. by Francis J. Whitfield. Revised trans. and edition, Prolegomena to a Theory of Language. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press; Indiana University Publications in Anthropology and Linguistics, 1961; (Memoir 7, International Journal of American Linguistics, 1953). Page references are to the 1961 edition.
Husserl, Edmund. 1929. Pariser Vortäge, ed. Stephen Strasser. In Vol. I, Husserliana – Edmund Husserl, Gessammelte Werke, 3–39 (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1950). Trans. with an Introduction by Peter Koestenbaum, The Paris Lectures, 1961 (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1967).
Husserl, Edmund. 1933. Cartesianische Meditationen. Original text 1929, Typescript C [Pariser Vortäge revision] marked: “E. Husserl für Dorion Cairns”. In Vol. I, Husserliana – Edmund Husserl, Gessammelte Werke, 3–39. Trans. by Dorion Cairns, Cartesian Meditations: An Introduction to Phenomenology (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1969).
Jacques, Francis. 1982. Différence et Subjectivité: Anthropologie d’un point de vue relationnel. Paris: Éditions Aubier Montaigne. Trans. by Andrew Rothwell, Difference and Subjectivity: Dialogue and Personal History (sic). New Have, CT: Yale University Press, 1991.
Jakobson, Roman Osipovîch. 1962–2002. Selected Writings (9 vols.). Vol. 1, Phonological Studies, 1962, 2nd ed. 1971, 3rd ed. 2002; Vol. 2, Word and Language, 1971; Vol. 3, Poetry of Grammar and Grammar of Poetry, ed. Stephen Rudy, 1981; Vol. 4, Slavic Epic Studies, 1966; Vol. 5, On Verse, Its Masters and Explorers, ed. Stephen Rudy and Martha Taylor, 1979; Vol. 6, Early Slavic Paths and Crossroads: Part 1 and Part 2, ed. Stephen Rudy, 1985: Vol. 7, Contributions to Comparative Mythology; Studies in Linguistics and Philology, 1972–1982, ed. Stephen Rudy, 1985; Vol. 8, Completion Volume One: Major Works, 1976–1980, ed. Stephen Rudy, 1988; Vol. 9, A Complete Bibliography of his Writings, compiled and ed. Stephen Rudy, 1990. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. [Unless noted, volumes were edited by Jakobson].
Jakobson, Roman Osipovîch. 1954. “The Metaphoric and Metonymic Poles”, 254–259 in Selected Writings (1962–2002), Vol. 2, Word and Language, 1971.
Kopperschmidt, Josef. 1973. Allgemeine Rhetorik: Einführung in die Theorie der persuasiven Kommunikation. Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer. [General Rhetoric: Introduction to the Theory of Persuasive Communication].
Korzybski, Alfred. 1933. Science and Sanity: An Introduction to Non-Aristotelian Systems and General Semantics, 5th ed. Preface, revised and expanded index by Robert P. Pula. Fort Worth, TX: Institute of General Semantics, 1994.
Lanigan, Richard L.1972. Speaking and Semiology: Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s Phenomenological Theory of Existential Communication. Approaches to Semiotics, Vol. 22, 2nd ed. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 1991.
Lanigan, Richard L.1984. Semiotic Phenomenology of Rhetoric: Eidetic Practice in Henry Grattan’s Discourse on Tolerance. Washington, DC: Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology; University Press of America.
Lanigan, Richard L.1988. Phenomenology of Communication: Merleau-Ponty’s Thematics in Communicology and Semiology. Pittsburgh, PA: Duquesne University Press.
Lanigan, Richard L.1992. The Human Science of Communicology: A Phenomenology of Discourse in Foucault and Merleau-Ponty. Pittsburgh, PA: Duquesne University Press.
Lanigan, Richard L.2001. “The Postmodern Author: Foucault on Fiction and the Fiction of Foucault.” The American Journal of Semiotics, 17 (1): 253–271.
Lanigan, Richard L.2013. “Communicology and Culturology: Semiotic Phenomenological Method in Applied Small Group Research.” The Public Journal of Semiotics 4 (2): 71–103. Online: [URL]
Lanigan, Richard L.2015a. “Human Embodiment: An Eidetic and Empirical Communicology of Phantom Limb.” Metodo: International Studies in Phenomenology and Philosophy 3 (1): 257–287.
Lanigan, Richard L.2015b. “Semiotic Paradigms of Self and Person: The Perspectives Model of Communicology as the Logic Foundation of Human Science.” Language and Semiotic Studies [China] 1 (1): 106–129.
Lanigan, Richard L.2015c. “Semiotic Confusion in the Phenomenology of Perception West Meets East, One Actuality Becomes Two Realities.” Chinese Semiotic Studies 11 (2): 227–262.
Lanigan, Richard L.2016. “Immanuel Kant (1724–1804)”. In International Encyclopedia of Communication Theory and Philosophy, ed. Klaus B. Jensen. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, Vol. 2, 1035–1043.
Lanigan, Richard L.2017a. “Immanuel Kant on the Philosophy of Communicology: The Tropic Logic of Rhetoric and Semiotics.” Semiotica (in press).
Lanigan, Richard L.2017b. “Ernst Cassirer’s Theory and Application of Communicology: From Husserl via Bühler to Jakobson”, (Special Issue: Cassirer on Communicology, ed. Richard L. Lanigan) The American Journal of Semiotics 33, Nos. 3–4.
Lévi-Strauss, Claude. 1958. Anthropologie Structurale. Paris: Pion. Trans. by Claire Jacobson and Brooke Grundfest Schoepf, Structural Anthropology. New York, NY: Basic Books, Inc, Publishers, 1963.
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice. 1953. Éloge de la Philosophie. [Inaugural Lecture at the Collège de France on 15 January 1953]. Paris: Libraire Gallimard. Trans. with a Preface by John Wild and James M. Edie, In Praise of Philosophy. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1963.
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice. 1954. “Sur les faits divers”. In Signes. Paris: Libraire Gallimard, 388–391. Trans. by Richard C. McCleary, “On News Items” in Signs. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1960, 311–313.
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice. 1964. “The Intertwining – The Chiasm”, 130–155; Working Notes, 215. In Le Visible et L’Invisible. Éditions Gallimard. Ed. by Claude Lefort, trans. by Alphonso Lingis. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1968.
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice. 1995. “The Notions of Information and Communication”, 158–160. In La Nature: Notes, Cours du Collège de France. Paris: Notes par Éditions du Seuil; Résumé par Éditions Gallimard. Notes compiled by Dominique Séglard. Trans. by Robert Vallier, Nature: Course Notes from the Collège de France. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 2003.
Morot-Sir, Edouard. 1993/1995. The Imagination of Reference, Vol. I: Mediating the Linguistic Condition; Vol. II: Perceiving, Indicating, Naming. Gainsville, FL: University Press of Florida.
Mu, Group. 1970. Rhétorique générale. Paris: Libraire Larousse. Trans. by P. B. Burrell and E. M. Slotkin, 1981, A General Rhetoric. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Murray, Elwood. 1937. The Speech Personality: The Integration of the Speaker; The Grosser Speech Skills. Chicago, IL: J. B. Lippincott Co.
Murray, Elwood, Raymond H. Barnard, and J. V. Garland1953. Integrative Speech: The Functions of Oral Communication in Human Affairs. New York, NY: The Dryden Press.
Pelkey, Jamin. 2016. “Symbiotic Modeling: Linguistic Anthropology and the Promise of Chiasmus.” Reviews in Anthropology 45 (1): 22–50.
Robinson, Charles Alexander. 1901. The Tropes and Figures of Isaeus. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Library.
Thomas-Fogiel, Isabelle. 2014. “Chiasm in Merleau-Ponty, Metaphor or Concept?” in Chiasmus and Culture, ed. by Boris Wiseman and Anthony Paul. New York, NY: Berghahn Books.
Waldo, Dwight. 1948. The Administrative State: A Study of the Political Theory of American Public Administration. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2007.
Watzlawick, Paul. 1978. “Aphorism / Chiasm.” In The Language of Change: Elements of Therapeutic Communication. New York, NY: Basic Books, Inc. Publishers, 73–77.
White, Hayden. 1978. Tropics of Discourse: Essays in Cultural Criticism. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Whorf, Benjamin Lee. 1952. “Language, Mind, and Reality.” Et cetera 9 (3): 165–188.
2022. Cultural Symmetry: From Group Theory to Semiotics. In Handbook of Cognitive Mathematics, ► pp. 573 ff.
Pelkey, Jamin
2022. Cultural Symmetry: From Group Theory to Semiotics. In Handbook of Cognitive Mathematics, ► pp. 1 ff.
Lanigan, Richard L.
2019. Perelman’s phenomenology of rhetoric: Foucault contests Chomsky’s complaint about media communicology in the age of Trump polemic. Semiotica 2019:229 ► pp. 273 ff.
Lanigan, Richard L.
2022. Saving-Face: The Nonverbal Communicology of Basic Emotions. In Exploring the Translatability of Emotions, ► pp. 279 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 27 july 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.