One proposed explanation for the observed differences between native and non-native speakers has been that certain peripheral systems interacting with the computational system are defective in L2 acquisition. This paper will consider some of the predictions that follow from assuming that the morphological module which interacts with the computational system (or their interface) is defective. If this basic assumption is correct, we should expect all learners to be able to acquire the L2 grammar equally well, and where mistakes are found they should be due to problems in the morphology. The results of an empirical study of the acquisition of grammatical gender in advanced English and Italian speakers of L2 Spanish do not support these predictions, as the errors found appear to be syntactic in nature.
2011. Spanish gender agreement under complete and incomplete acquisition: Early and late bilinguals' linguistic behavior within the noun phrase. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 14:3 ► pp. 332 ff.
Gudmestad, Aarnes, Amanda Edmonds & Thomas Metzger
2019. Using Variationism and Learner Corpus Research to Investigate Grammatical Gender Marking in Additional Language Spanish. Language Learning 69:4 ► pp. 911 ff.
Kaan, Edith & Keng-Yu Lin
2024. Vagus Nerve Stimulation and Language Learning. In Vagus Nerve Stimulation [Neuromethods, 205], ► pp. 193 ff.
2015. Bilingualism, Mind, and Brain. Annual Review of Linguistics 1:1 ► pp. 377 ff.
Sabourin, Laura, Laurie A. Stowe & Ger J. de Haan
2006. Transfer effects in learning a second language grammatical gender system. Second Language Research 22:1 ► pp. 1 ff.
Sagarra, Nuria & Julia Herschensohn
2013. Processing of gender and number agreement in late Spanish bilinguals. International Journal of Bilingualism 17:5 ► pp. 607 ff.
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