Article published In:
English World-WideVol. 20:2 (1999) ► pp.251–286
Evidence of an English Contact Language in the 19th Century Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands
This paper contends that an English-based contact language developed on the Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands in the 19th century and was used as the language of communication among the settlers there. The factors discussed in support of this contention are: (1) the diversity in the languages of the first-generation settlers, (2) the abundance of mixed-language households, (3) the absence of formal education or literacy, (4) the nature of words reported by Japanese seamen shipwrecked on the island, (5) reports of communication in English between islanders and visitors, (6) the off-island experiences of islanders, (7) written references to a contact language, (8) the continued usage of non-English words, and (9) the linguistic outcomes of similar island communities.
Cited by (5)
Cited by 5 other publications
Siegel, Jeff
2020. Contact Languages of the Pacific. In The Handbook of Language Contact, ► pp. 741 ff. 
LONG, DANIEL & PETER TRUDGILL
2004. THE LAST YANKEE IN THE PACIFIC: EASTERN NEW ENGLAND PHONOLOGY IN THE BONIN ISLANDS. American Speech 79:4 ► pp. 356 ff.
TRUDGILL, PETER
2003. ON THE REVERSIBILITY OF MERGERS: /W/, /V/ AND EVIDENCE FROM LESSER-KNOWN ENGLISHES. Folia Linguistica Historica 37:Historica vol. 24,1-2
[no author supplied]
2013. Reference Guide for Varieties of English. In A Dictionary of Varieties of English, ► pp. 363 ff.
[no author supplied]
2023. References. In Sounds of English Worldwide, ► pp. 354 ff.
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