This paper looks at the emergence of Asian English varieties in terms of the evolution of new grammatical features. I propose that, in order to reach a thorough understanding of how the unique combination of grammatical features that define specific Asian Englishes come about, we must approach these features from a typological and evolutionary perspective which allows us to contrast them not only with Standard English varieties but also with the Asian languages with which these come into contact. As restructured vernaculars, Asian English varieties are de facto contact languages, and, as such, evolve as a consequence of selection of features from a multilingual pool. In this pool, features of Asian varieties play a significant role in determining the output grammar and must therefore be appreciated in their own right. In order to illustrate these points, I introduce an evolutionary view of contact language formation, and I present a set of features typical of Singlish, which are all instances of replication of Asian, not English, features
2020. The Features of Asian Englishes. In The Handbook of Asian Englishes, ► pp. 169 ff.
BRUNNER, THOMAS
2014. Structural nativization, typology and complexity: noun phrase structures in British, Kenyan and Singaporean English. English Language and Linguistics 18:1 ► pp. 23 ff.
2013. More on Kena‐passives in Singapore English. World Englishes 32:3 ► pp. 297 ff.
Kirkpatrick, Andy
2018. English in Multilingual Settings: Features, Roles and Implications. In Reconceptualizing English Education in a Multilingual Society [English Language Education, 13], ► pp. 15 ff.
2021. Disaffiliation amongst academically elite students in Singapore: the role of a non-standard variety of English. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2021:271 ► pp. 139 ff.
SATO, YOSUKE
2014. Argument ellipsis in Colloquial Singapore English and the Anti-Agreement Hypothesis. Journal of Linguistics 50:2 ► pp. 365 ff.
SCHRÖTER, VERENA & BERND KORTMANN
2016. Pronoun deletion in Hong Kong English and Colloquial Singaporean English. World Englishes 35:2 ► pp. 221 ff.
Soonhyuck Park
2018. Wh-questions in Singapore English Revisited. The New Korean Journal of English Lnaguage & Literature 60:1 ► pp. 207 ff.
Sze, Felix
2015. Is Hong Kong Sign Language a topic-prominent language?. Linguistics 53:4
Tupas, Ruanni
2018. Singlish in the classroom: is Singapore ready for additive bidialectalism?. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 21:8 ► pp. 982 ff.
Wong, May
2017. Hong Kong English: An Overview. In Hong Kong English, ► pp. 1 ff.
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