This article argues that the external history of South African English (SAfE) points towards the merits of conceptualizing SAfE as the product of a three-stage koinéization process, the last stage of which takes place contemporaneously with the establishment of Johannesburg. This is at odds with the standard position, which views SAfE as an early-to-mid 19th-century variety with its characteristic features having been fixed during the earlier colonization of the Cape and Natal. This reconceptualization is, in turn, usefully employed to solve Trudgill’s (2004) so-called “South African puzzle’’: in essence, the postulation of SAfE as a late 19th-century English explains why START-Backing has occurred in SAfE but not in the closely related Australasian varieties.
2019. Documenting Feature Pools in Language Expansion Situations: Sibilants in Early Colonial Latin American Spanish. Transactions of the Philological Society 117:2 ► pp. 199 ff.
Botha, Werner, Bertus van Rooy & Susan Coetzee‐van Rooy
2021. South African Englishes: A contemporary bibliography. World Englishes 40:1 ► pp. 136 ff.
Botha, Werner, Bertus van Rooy & Susan Coetzee‐Van Rooy
2021. Researching South African Englishes. World Englishes 40:1 ► pp. 2 ff.
Chevalier, Alida
2019. Internal Push, External Pull: The Reverse Short Front Vowel Shift in South African English. In English in Multilingual South Africa, ► pp. 151 ff.
Schneider, Edgar W.
2019. South Africa in the Linguistic Modeling of World Englishes. In English in Multilingual South Africa, ► pp. 16 ff.
Wasserman, Ronel
2019. The Historical Development of South African English: Semantic Features. In English in Multilingual South Africa, ► pp. 52 ff.
Hickey, Raymond
2017. Analysing Early Audio Recordings. In Listening to the Past, ► pp. 1 ff.
Hickey, Raymond
2019. English in South Africa: Contact and Change. In English in Multilingual South Africa, ► pp. 3 ff.
Bekker, Ian & Bertus van Rooy
2015. The Pronunciation of English in South Africa. In The Handbook of English Pronunciation, ► pp. 286 ff.
Mesthrie, Rajend, Alida Chevalier & Timothy Dunne
2015. A Regional and Social Dialectology of the BATH Vowel in South African English. Language Variation and Change 27:1 ► pp. 1 ff.
2019. English in Africa. In The Cambridge Handbook of World Englishes, ► pp. 210 ff.
van Rooy, Bertus
2021. Grammatical change in South African Englishes. World Englishes 40:1 ► pp. 24 ff.
Bekker, Ian
2013. The Formation of South African English. English Today 29:1 ► pp. 3 ff.
Bekker, Ian
2017. Earlier South African English. In Listening to the Past, ► pp. 464 ff.
Bekker, Ian
2019. South African English, the Dynamic Model and the Challenge of Afrikaans Influence. In English in Multilingual South Africa, ► pp. 30 ff.
Bekker, Ian
2021. Literary reflections of early postcolonial English in South Africa. World Englishes 40:1 ► pp. 38 ff.
[no author supplied]
2013. Reference Guide for Varieties of English. In A Dictionary of Varieties of English, ► pp. 363 ff.
[no author supplied]
2023. References. In Sounds of English Worldwide, ► pp. 354 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 7 september 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.