What are the relations between linguistic encoding and gestural representations of events during online speaking? The few studies that have been conducted on this topic have yielded somewhat incompatible results with regard to whether and how gestural representations of events change with differences in the preferred semantic and syntactic encoding possibilities of languages. Here we provide large scale semantic, syntactic and temporal analyses of speech- gesture pairs that depict 10 different motion events from 20 Turkish and 20 English speakers. We find that the gestural representations of the same events differ across languages when they are encoded by different syntactic frames (i.e., verb-framed or satellite-framed). However, where there are similarities across languages, such as omission of a certain element of the event in the linguistic encoding, gestural representations also look similar and omit the same content. The results are discussed in terms of what gestures reveal about the influence of language specific encoding on on-line thinking patterns and the underlying interactions between speech and gesture during the speaking process.
2007. Language-specific and universal influences in children’s syntactic packaging of Manner and Path: A comparison of English, Japanese, and Turkish. Cognition 102:1 ► pp. 16 ff.
AZIZ, JASMINE R. & ELENA NICOLADIS
2019. “My French is rusty”: Proficiency and bilingual gesture use in a majority English community. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 22:04 ► pp. 826 ff.
Bradley, Chuck & Ronnie Wilbur
2023. Visual Form and Event Semantics Predict Transitivity in Silent Gestures: Evidence for Compositionality. Cognitive Science 47:8
Cartmill, Erica A., Özlem Ece Demir & Susan Goldin‐Meadow
2011. Studying Gesture. In Research Methods in Child Language, ► pp. 208 ff.
Casey, Shannon & Karen Emmorey
2009. Co-speech gesture in bimodal bilinguals. Language and Cognitive Processes 24:2 ► pp. 290 ff.
2007. Relations between syntactic encoding and co-speech gestures: Implications for a model of speech and gesture production. Language and Cognitive Processes 22:8 ► pp. 1212 ff.
Melinger, Alissa & Sotaro Kita
2007. Conceptualisation load triggers gesture production. Language and Cognitive Processes 22:4 ► pp. 473 ff.
Müller, Cornelia & Tag, Susanne
2010. The Dynamics of Metaphor: Foregrounding and Activating Metaphoricity in Conversational Interaction. Cognitive Semiotics 10:6 ► pp. 85 ff.
Parrill, Fey
2008. Subjects in the hands of speakers: An experimental study of syntactic subject and speech-gesture integration. Cognitive Linguistics 19:2
So, Wing Chee, Sotaro Kita & Susan Goldin‐Meadow
2009. Using the Hands to Identify Who Does What to Whom: Gesture and Speech Go Hand‐in‐Hand. Cognitive Science 33:1 ► pp. 115 ff.
Tutton, Mark
2011. How speakers gesture when encoding location with English on and French sur. Journal of Pragmatics 43:14 ► pp. 3431 ff.
Yap, De‐Fu, Wing‐Chee So, Ju‐Min Melvin Yap, Ying‐Quan Tan & Ruo‐Li Serene Teoh
2011. Iconic Gestures Prime Words. Cognitive Science 35:1 ► pp. 171 ff.
Yoshioka, Keiko & Eric Kellerman
2006. Gestural introduction of Ground reference in L2 narrative discourse. IRAL - International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching 44:2
Özyürek, Asli
2010. The Role of Iconic Gestures in Production and Comprehension of Language: Evidence from Brain and Behavior. In Gesture in Embodied Communication and Human-Computer Interaction [Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 5934], ► pp. 1 ff.
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