Chapter 8
The French future
Evidentiality and incremental information
Alda Mari | Institut Jean Nicod, CNRS/ENS/EHESS
We propose a new analysis for the French future, which treats it as a modal-evidential, articulating two perspectival points – a conjectural and a ratificational one. Considering that future also contributes a relative tense, we explain a variety of uses covering previously unexplained cases, including those in which the speaker knows that the prejacent is true. Finally, our account sheds some light on cross-linguistic facts and most notably on the relation between the ratificational French future and the conjectural future in Italian (akin to an epistemic modal), paving the way for a typological distinction between two types of languages: ‘conjectural future type’ languages and ‘ratificational future type’ ones.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Disentangling future from epistemic modality
- 3.The temporal and the ‘present ratification’ use
- 3.1
fut and past, scoping relations and relative tense
- 3.2Temporal and present ratification uses: truth conditions, inferences and direct evidence constraint
- 3.2.1The truth conditional dimension
- 3.2.2Deriving the inference of ignorance
- 3.3The direct evidence constraint of ratificational modals
- 3.4First set of predictions
- 4.Epistemic reading
- 4.1The epistemic interpretation of future with past
- 4.2Summary
- 5.Synchronic and cross-linguistic variation: the epistemic interpretation of simple future sentences
- 5.1Conjectural future and the competition with ‘devoir’
- 5.2Synchronic variation with eventives: a new hypothesis
- 5.3A note on cross-linguistic variation
- 6.Conclusion
-
Acknowledgement
-
Notes
-
References
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Assessing alternatives: the case of the presumptive future in Italian.
Linguistics and Philosophy 45:4
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