Three Cases of Plagiarism?
A study of four nineteenth-century Egyptian-Arabic textbooks
This article discusses four 19th-century textbooks for teaching Egyptian Arabic to foreigners: Nolden’s
Vocabulaire français arabe (
1844), Zenker’s
Vocabulaire phraséologique français-arabe (
1854, published under the pseudonym Barthélémy), Sacroug’s
The Egyptian Travelling Interpreter (
1874) and
De Vaujany & Radouan’s Vocabulaire français-arabe (1887). These books display remarkable similarities. They contain, among other subjects, a vocabulary, a grammar, useful Arabic phrases and Egyptian weights and measures. Zenker, Sacroug and De Vaujany & Radouan copied extensively from Nolden’s book without referring to the original source. However, these three textbooks are not exact copies (or, in the case of Sacroug, not an exact translation) of Nolden’s book: although the authors took Nolden’s
Vocabulaire as their basis, they also considerably reworked it and added extra materials. In this paper, the contents of the four textbooks are compared in order to determine how the authors treated Nolden’s work, what they added and how they improved it.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.About the authors
- 2.1Nolden
- 2.2Zenker
- 2.3Sacroug
- 2.4De Vaujany & Radouan
- 3.The transcription systems
- 3.1Nolden, Sacroug and De Vaujany & Radouan
- 3.2Zenker
- 4.The four works
- 4.1Comparison of the contents
- 4.2Arabic words that have no equivalent in French or English
- 4.2.1The Arab house
- 4.2.2Men’s clothing
- 4.3The grammars
- 4.3.1The personal pronouns
- 4.3.1.1Some remarks about the independent pronouns
- 4.3.1.2Some remarks about the suffixes
- 4.3.2The demonstrative pronouns
- 4.3.3The present and future tense
- 4.4The weights and measures and almanac
- 4.5The dialogues
- 5.Authorship in the 19th century
- 6.Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
- Notes
-
References