The author puts forward the claim that The Indian Grammar Begun (1666) of John Eliot of Massachusetts (1604–90) constitutes the first published account of an ‘exotic’ language that can rightfully be called scientific (0.). The first portion of the argument treats Eliot’s English-based orthography and the problems it poses in the description of a language completely different from English (1.). Eliot’s use of a ‘morphophonemic’ transcription is presented (2.). Eliot’s The Logick Primer (1672) is suggested as a source of particular insights into the Puritan understanding and use of logic (3.). Having speculated about the impact that Jesus College, Cambridge, may have had on Eliot’s linguistic accomplishments in his analysis of an Amerindian language (4.), the author concludes that Eliot derserves to be called the true founder of American linguistics, in particular since he anticipated modern use of levels of representation by more than a century (5.).
1959Classical Education in Britain 1500–1900. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
Day, Gordon M., Karl V. Teeter, et al.
1967Contributions to Anthropology: Linguistics I (Algonquian). National Musuem of Canada (Ottawa), Bulletin 214, Anthropological Series No. 78, Ottawa: Queen’s Printer.
ed.1969The Logicke of the Most Excellent Philosopher Peter Ramus Martyr. Northridge, Calif.: San Fernando State College, Renaissance Editions No. 3.
Duponceau, Peter S.
1822 “Notes and Observations on Eliot’s Indian Grammar. Addressed to John Pickering, Esq.” Massachusetts Historical Society Collections, 2nd Series, Vol. 91.247–312.
Eames, Wilberforce
1937 “The Discovery of a Lost Cambridge Imprint: John Eliot’s Genesis, 1655.” Transactions of the Colonial Society of Massachusetts 341.11–12.
Eliot, John (tr.)
1663The Holy Bible; containing the Old Testament and The New. Translated into The Indian Language… Cambridge, Mass.: Printed by Samuel Green and Marmaduke Johnson. (2nd edition, “much corrected and amended” 1685 Printed by Samuel Green.) Evans Nos. 72, 385.
Eliot, John (tr.)
1666The Indian Grammar Begun: or, an Essy to Bring the Indian Language into Rules… Cambridge (Mass.): Printed by Marmaduke Johnson. Available as Evans No. 1061, Readex Microprint Edition of Early American Imprints. Also reprinted in Massachusetts Historical Society Collections, 2nd Series, Vol. 91, 247–312 1822 [Quotes pertain to this reprint.]
Eliot, John (tr.)
1672The Logick Primer. Some Logical Notions to Initiate the Indians in the Knowledge of the Rule of Reason… Cambridge, Mass.: Printed by Marmaduke Johnson. Available as Evans No. 1661, Readex Microprint Edition of Early American Imprints. Also reprinted as The Logic Primer, Cleveland (Ohio): Burrows Bros. 1904 [Page references are to the reprint.]
1965 “The Eastern Algonquian Intrusive Nasal.” IJAL 311.206–220.
Goddard, Ives
1971 “More on the Nasalization of PA *a: in Eastern Algonquian”. IJAL 371.139–145.
Haas, Mary R.
1967 “Roger Williams’ Sound Shift: A Study in Algonkian [sic]”. To Honor Roman Jakobson: Essays on the occasion of his seventieth birthday, Vol. 11, pp. 816–32. The Hague: Mouton.
Hanzeli, Victor H.
1969Missionary Linguistics in New France: A Study of 17th and 18th century descriptions of American Indian languages. The Hague: Mouton.
Luick, Karl
1929–40Historische Grammatik der englischen Sprache. Vol.I, Part ii. Leipzig: C. H. Tauchnitz. (Repr. Oxford: Blackwell; Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press 1964.)
Miller, Perry
1954The New England Mind: The seventeenth century. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press.
Mulinger, James B.
1884The University of Cambridge, Vol.II1. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
Ong, Walter J., S.J.
1958Ramus: Method, and the Decay of Dialogue; from the Art of Discourse to the Art of Reason. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press.
Pickering, John
1822 “The Massachusetts Language.” Massachusetts Historical Society Collections, 2nd Series, Vol. 91.223–42.
Pickering, John
ed.1829aJosiah Cotton, Vocabulary of the Massachusetts (or Natick) Indian Language. Cambridge, Mass.: E. W. Metcalf & Co.
Pickering, John
1829b “Indian Languages of America.” An appendix to vol. VI1 of Encyclopaedia Americana: A popular dictionary of arts, sciences, literature, history, politics, and biography, brought down to the present time: including a copious collection of original articles in American biography on the basis of the seventh edition of the German Conversations-Lexicon. Edited by Francis Lieber. 131 v. Philadelphia: Desilver, Thomas & Co. 1st ed. 1829; 2nd ed. 1836, pp.581–600.
Powicke, Frederick James
ed.1931Some Unpublished Correspondence of the Reverend Richard Baxter and the Reverend John Eliot, the Apostle of the American Indians, 1656–1682. Manchester: University Press. (Reprinted from “The Bulletin of the John Rylands Library,” vol. 15, no. 2, July 1931.)
Silver, Shirley
1960 “Natick Consonants in Reference to Proto-Central Algonquian: I & II.” IJAL 261.112–20, 234–64.
Stevens, Cj [sic]
1954Early American Phonology. Louisiana State University Doctoral Dissertation, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
Trumbull, James Hammond
ed.1866 “Roger Williams, a key in the language of America.” Narnaganset Club Publications, 1st series, Vol. 21.
Trumbull, James Hammond
ed.1903Natick Dictionary. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of Ethnology, Bulletin 25. With an introd. by Edward Everett Hale.
Updike, Daniel B.
1966Printing Types, their History, Forms, and Use: A study in survivals. Vol. 21. 3rd ed. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press.
Vaughan, Alden T.
1965New England Frontier: Puritans and Indians 1620–1675. Boston: Little, Brown & Co.
Winslow, Ola E.
1968John Eliot: Apostle to the Indians. Boston: Little, Brown & Co.
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Chelliah, Shobhana L. & Willem J. de Reuse
2010. The History of Linguistic Fieldwork. In Handbook of Descriptive Linguistic Fieldwork, ► pp. 33 ff.
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