Publications received / Ouvrages reçus / Eingegangene schriften

, eds. 1993 . Historical Linguistics 1989: Papers from the 9th International Conference on Historical Linguistics . (= Current Issues in Linguistic Theory, 106 .) Amsterdam & Philadelphia : John Benjamins , xvii, 538 pp. [ This brings together 34 of the altogether 117 papers delivered at the 9th ICHL (if the two workshops are included), which was held on the main campus of Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey, in August of 1989. For readers of HL the following papers may be of particular interest: “The natural science background to the development of historical-comparative linguistics” by Konrad Koerner (1–24) and “[Sapir’s concept of] drift as an organic outcome of type” by Michael Shapiro” (449–456). The back matter consists of an index of languages (language families, dialects) (525–528), and an index of names (529–538) .]

. 1991 . Language Change: Progress or decay? 2nd ed. Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press , xi, 258 pp. [ This book provides a concise overview of the phenomenon of language change, more precisely of its various manifestations, of its motivations, and of its consequences for the development of a language. In this second edition, the author has updated her discussion of current topics, including data from a number of additional languages. The book is divided into four parts: I, “Preliminaries”, which includes a chapter (Chapter 3) on “Charting the changes: How linguists study changes in progress”; II, “Transition”, which includes a chapter (Chapter 5) on “Conflicting loyalties: Opposing social pressures within a change”; III, “Causation”, which includes a chapter (Chapter 11) on “The mad hatter’s tea-party: chain reaction changes”; IV, “Beginnings and endings”, in which the final chapter (Chapter 15) poses the obviously rhetorical question “Progress or decay?: Assessing the situation”. The book’s front matter consists of a short preface (ix–xi). The back matter includes an explanation of symbols and technical terms (222–223), notes and suggestions for further reading (224–236), references (237–251), acknowledgements (252), and a general index (253–258) .]

1993 . Sibawahy the Phonologist: A critical study of the phonetics and phonological theory of Sibawayh as presented in his treatise Al-Kitab . (= Library of Arabic Linguistics, 10 .) London & New York : Kegan Paul International , xx, 130 pp. [ The book reviews what is perhaps known as the most important work of traditional Arabic linguistics, Al-Kitab, “the book”, by Sibawayh. It reviews Sibawayh’s ideas on the phonology and phonetics of classical Arabic in a critical perspective. It has the following seven chapters: 1, “Historical perspective”; 2, “The letters of Arabic I: number, places of articulation and status”; 3, “The letters of Arabic II: phonetic features”; 4, “The consonants in context”; 5, “The Hamzah in context”; 6, “The vowels in context”; 7, “Conclusion, a general assessment”. There is a section on the definition of the linguistic terms (118–123), and a bib. (124–130). There is also a preliminary introduction in Arabic script (12 pages, unnunbered) .]

American Heritage College Dictionary, The . 1993 . 3rd ed. Boston & New York : Houghton Mifflin Company , xxxiv, 1630 pp. [ The dictionary contains over 200000 definitions, over 2500 photographs and illustrations, regional notes and word histories, biographical and geographical entries. The front matter contains a preface by David A. Jost (p.vii); editorial and production staff (viii); contributors and consultants (ix–xi); the usage panel (xii–xv); “Usage in the American Heritage dictionary: Their place of criticism” (xvi–xxi), by Geoffrey Nunberg; “Guide to the dictionary” (xxii–xxviii); a list abbreviations and labels used in this dictionary (xxix–xxxi); a note on pronunciation (xxxii); a table of alphabets (xxxiii); and a note on the development of the alphabet (xxxiv). The back matter includes: “Indo-European and Indo-Europeans” (1573–1579), by Calvert Watkins; a “Guide to the appendix” (1580–1581); “Indo-European sound correspondences” (1582–1583); “Indo-Eurpean roots” (1584–1625), and also a diagram illustrating the Indo-European family of languages .]

, eds. 1993 . Knowledge and Language . Vol. 31 : Metaphor and Knowledge . Dordrecht-Boston-London : Kluwer Academic Publishers , ix, 213 pp. [ This volume is one of three which emerged from the Conference on Knowledge and Language, held at the University of Groningen (1989). The aim of this conference was to investigate the role of conceptual structure in cognitive processes, exploring it from the perspective of philosophy of language, linguistics and philosophy of science. This volume concerns the cognitive status of figurative and metaphoricus of language and the articles in it are organised under two parts: I, “Metaphor and truth” and II, “The uses of metaphor”. Some of the articles in this volume are listed below. “Truth and metaphor” by David Cooper (37–48); “Poetry, knowledge and metaphor” by Samuel Levin (81–94); “Economics and language” by Jan Pen (137–142). The back matter consists of a list of contributors and an index of names and subjects .]

. 1992 . Deutsch-englischer Sprachkontakt. Die Mehrsprachigkeit einer Old Order Amish Gemeinde in Ohio aus soziolinguistischer und interferenzlinguistischer Sicht , (= Schweizer Anglistische Arbeiten I Swiss Studies in English, 117 .) Tübingen & Basel : Francke , 152 pp. [ In diese Züricher Dissertation geht es um Sprachkontakte zwischen der Erstsprache Pennsylvaniadeutsch, der Zweitsprache Englisch und dem Amisch-Hochdeutschen als Sakralsprache, welche in der untersuchten Gemeinde nebeneinander Verwendung finden. Die Autorin arbeitet die historischen Gegebenheiten klar heraus, die zu dieser Dreisprachigkeit geführt haben, erörtert ausführlich das theoretische Instrumentarium, mit dem Sprachkontakte beschrieben werden können und legt dann anhand selbst erhobener Materialien den “Einfluß der englischen Sprache auf den pensilvaniadeutschen Wortschatz im Bereich Küche, Handwerk und Landwirtschaft” (Kap. 4) dar, wobei sich zeigt, daß die beschriebenene Kontaktsituation als durchaus stabil anzusehen ist. Ein “Wörterverzeichnis nach Sachbereichen” sowie verschiedene Karten runden die Studie ab. – HJN .]*

, eds. 1993 . Linguistic Perspectives on the Romance Languages: Selected papers from the 21st Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages (LSRL XXI), Santa Barbara, California, 2124 February 1991 . (= Current Issues in Linguistic Theory, 103 .) Amsterdam & Philadelphia : John Benjamins , xxii, 404 pp. [ This volume brings together 23 articles concerning the various levels of Romance grammar. Contributors include: Yakov Malkiel, “The centers of gravity in nineteenth-century Romance linguistics” (3–17); Carmen Silva-Corvalán, “On the permeability of grammars: Evidence from Spanish and English contact” (19–43); Andrea Calabrese, “Palatalization processes in the history of Romance languages: A theoretical study” (65–83); Jurgen Klausenburger, “On the evolution of Latin verbal inflection into Romance: Change in parameter setting?” (165–173); Paola Bentivoglio, “Full NPs in spoken Spanish: A discourse profile” (199–224); Pilar García-Mayo, “A new look at parasidic gaps” (249–258); Mariette Champagne, “From Old French to Modern French: The evolution of the inflectional system” (259–270); Juan Martin, “On extraction from NPs in Spanish” (303–313); Enric Vallduví, “Catalan as VOS: Evidence from information packaging” (335–350); Robert J. Blake, “The role of syntax in tracing the development of Old Spanish” (363–375). The front matter includes acknowledgements (p.v), a brief introduction (p.xi), summaries of Part one: Keynote addresses (xi–xii), summaries of Part two: Phonology and morphology (xiii–xvi), and summaries of Part three: Syntax, discourse and semantics (xvii–xxii). The back matter has an index of names (389–394) and an index of subjects (395–404) .]

, eds. 1994 . The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics . 101 vols. Oxford-New York-Seoul-Tokyo : Pergamon Press , xlvii, 5 , 644 pp. in-4^° . [ These volumes contain a great many individual entries by major scholars in the history of linguistics, unfortunately distributed over nine volumes – the 10th is the index volume – such as “Arabic Linguistic Tradition” (1.194–202) by M.Y.I.H. Suleiman; “Chinese Linguistic Tradition” (11.524–527) by R. E. Asher; “History of East Asian Phonetics” (VI.3095–3099) by Edwin G. Pulleyblank; “Indian Theories of Meaning” (V.2401–2406) by Frits Staal; “Plato and his Predecessors” (VI.3194–3197), “Aristotle and the Stoics on Language” (I.214–219), “Dionysius Thrax, the Technai, and Sextus Empiricus” (II.931–935), and “Apollonius Dyscolus and Herodian” (I.156–159), all by Fred W. Householder; “Roman Language Science in the Early Empire” (VII.3598–3601) by Daniel J. Taylor; “The Roman ars grammatica, including Priscian” (VII.3595–3598) by Even Hovdhaugen; “Early Medieval Grammar” (III. 1461–1468) by Anneli Luhtala; “Linguistics in the Later Middle Ages” (IV.2228–2234) by G. L. Bursill-Hall; “Renaissance Linguistics in Italy” (VII.3544–3548) by Brian Richardson; “Renaissance Linguistics in Spain” (VII.3548–3551) by Juan C. Zamora; “Renaissance Linguistics in France” (VII.3536–3540) by Douglas A. Kibbee; “The Origin of Language Debate in the 18th-century” (V.2883–2886) by Paul B. Salmon; “History of Comparative Linguistics” (II.629–636) as well as “History of Historical Linguistics” (III. 1559–1567) by N. E. Collinge; “History of Typology & Language Classification” (IX.4813–4817) by E. F. K. Koerner; “Trends in 20th-century Linguistics: An overview” (IX.4789–4799) as well as “The Saussurean Tradition in Linguistics” (VII.3664–3669) by John E. Joseph; “Geneva School, after Saussure” (III. 1404–1408) by René Amacker; “Prague School Syntax and Semantics” (VI.3285–3293) by Eva Hajičová; “The Glossematic School” (III. 1439–1444) by Eric Fudge; “Firth and the London School of Linguistics” (III. 1257–1260) by Frank R. Palmer; “Guillaumean Linguistics” (III. 1507–1508) by John Hewson, and a variety of two dozen further articles down to surveys on “Case Grammar” (II.453–464) by John M. Anderson and “Cognitive Grammar” (II.590–593) by Ronald W. Langacker. Excellent entries on phonetics, such as “Phonetics: Precursors to modern approaches” (VI.3102–3116) and “History of Phonetic Transcription” (VI.3040–3051), both by J. Alan Kemp, and on “The History of Translation” (VI.4716–4725) by Louis G. Kelly can also be found. Indeed, it is obvious that the History of Lingustics is well represented in this most recent and so far largest encyclopedia of the sciences of language .]

. 1993 . La Logique des Idées . (= Collection Analytiques, 6 .) Montreal & Paris : Bellarmin & Vrin , 279 pp. [ The aim of this book is to provide a realistic representation of classical logic by means of an explana-tory model. There is an introductory section dealing with “logic, language, and cognition” (21–40). It is followed by seven main chapters: 1, covers the situation of classical logic (41–62); 2, describes and puts into a model the logic of Port-Royal (63–86); 3, follows the evolution and the content of 18th-century logic (87–130); 4, tackles the question of the historical interpretation of classical logic (131–154); 5, looks at the role of the ‘logic of ideas’ in the treatment of two types of relatives (155–180); 6, examines ‘ideas and parts of discourse’ (181–202); 7, focuses on the ‘logic of ideas’ and definition (203–216). A concluding section deals with the ‘logic of ideas’, intentionality, and cognition (217–136). There is a table of contents (9–13), a preface (15–19), seven appendices (237–258), a bib. (259–274), and an index of names (275279) .]

. 1993 . L’Orthographe française au temps de la Réforme . (= Travaux d’Humanisme et Renaissance, 276 .) Geneva : Librairie Droz , 496 pp. [ In this volume, the author examines the close correlation between the modernization of French orthography through the printing press, and the fluctuating influence of protestant reformers in 16th-century Europe. The volume, written entirely in French, is divided into twelve chapters: 1, “Le français écrit au XVIe siècle” (17–38); 2, “La langue française et les gallicans, 15001530” (39–60); 3, “Auteurs et textes 1500–1530” (61–92); 4, “Pemières réflexions sur le système graphique du français, 1530–1540” (93–122); 5, “Les Evangéliques et les réformes linguistiques à Paris, 1530–1540” (123–164); 6, “A Genève: Olivétan” (165–186); 7, “Imprimeurs et auteurs lyonnais, 1530–1550” (187–210); 8, “L’édition à Genève au temps de Calvin” (211–258); 9, “Les grands textes religieux: La Bible” (259–298); 10, “Les grands textes religieux: Le psautier” (299–326); 11, “La pédagogie réformée” (327–380); 12, “Les débats sur l’orthographe, 1550–1572” (381–412). There is an introduction (1–16), a conclusion (413–432), three annexes (433–442), a bib. (443–478), an index of names (479–486), and a table of illustrations (487–488) .]

, ed. 1993 . The Celtic Languages . London & New York : Routledge Publications , xi, 682 pp. [ This book is concerned with the structure and status of the Celtic languages. It is an edited collection of modern linguistic accounts of the Celtic languages. Working with both the extant and extinct Celtic languages from various linguistic traditions, a team of leading linguists, including D. Ellis Evans, James Fife, and Karl Horst Schmidt, have contributed to this book. It is divided into four parts I, “Historical Aspects”, an initial section deals with an overview of the Celtic languages and their historical background, followed by an account of the extinct forms of Celtic; II, “The Goidelic Languages”, and III, “The Brythonic Languages” consists of a set of linguistic descriptions of the extant and recently extant languages. The purpose of these chapters is to give as full a description as possible of the phonology, morphology, syntax and lexis of each individual language. The front matter of the book contains a list of abbreviations, a preface and a list of contributors. The back matter has a general index (665–682) .]

Beiträge zur Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaft , Vol . 31 : 1 – 2 1993 . Münster : Nodus Publikationen , 208 pp. [ The papers featured in this issue are: Richard Nate, “Paradigmen und die geschichtsschreibung der Linguistik: Zu Problemen der historiographischen Kategorienbildung” (1–23); Hans-Dieter Dräxler, “Die idéologie in Deutschland: Methodische probleme der Rekonstruktion von Rezeption” (25–44); Irene E. Zwiep, “Did Adam speak Aramaic? Abraham ibn Ezrás views on the origin of language” (45–60); Irène Rosier, “Deux exemples d’interactions entre grammaire et théologie au XIIe siècle: Noms divins et formules sacramentaires” (61–74); Wolfram Euler, “Kriterien genetischer Verwandtschaft: Ihre Role in der Geschichte der Indogermanistik” (75–94); Frans Plank, “Professor Pott und die Lehre der Allgemeinen Sprachwissenschaft” (95–128); Ulrich Hoinkes, “Der Begriff der langue in der grossen französischen Enzyklopädie” (129–146); Helmut Weiss, “Das Sprachprinzipium der Vernunft: Johann Georg Hamanns Metakritik an Immanuel Kant” (147–168). This issue also contains some reports on meetings (169–177), reports on projects (179–186), and reviews (187–208) .]

Beiträge zur Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaft , Vol. 3 : 3 1993 . Münster : Nodus Publikationen , iv, 324 pp. [ This issue contains the following articles: Anneli Luhtala, “Considerations on word order in the early middle ages” (209–240); Barbara Kalz, “La métalangue dans les Synonymes de Gérard de Vivre” (241–254); and Andreas Musolff, “Karl Bühler’s and Alan Gardiner’s concepts of metaphore in the context of their theories of speech and language” (255–272). Articles reviewed are: Erich Poppe, “‘Da man nun hierinnen fünf muß gerad seyn lassen’ – oder ‘weil die Häuser in drei- oder sechshundert Jahren gewiss besser sein werden’” (273–277); Brigitte Nerlich, “The value of semantics for the history of linguistics” (278–284); Geoffrey Strickland, “Linguistic prescriptivism described” (285289); and Oleg Radcenko, “Marr und Manismus im populärwissenschaftlichen Visier” (290–292). This issue also has reports on meetings (169–178), reports on projects (179186), and a list of new publications (293–324) .]

Bibliographie Linguistique de l’année 1989, et compléments des années précé-dentes / Linguistic Bibliography for the Year 1991 […]. Edited by Mark Janse & Sijmen Tol [ with the assistance of a number of international contributors – see pp. v–vi , for their listing ]. Dordrecht-Boston-London : Kluwer Academic Publishers , 1993 , lxxvii, 1 , 153 pp. [ The sheer size and the coverage (19,474 entries) makes it one of the largest annual volume of the BL to date, representing an increase of over 50% if compared to volumes appearing as recent as 1983. The “History of Linguistics and Biographical Data” section (pp. 64–124) shows a noticeable increase too: 752 (as against 425 in 1985) items in the regular HoL section (pp. 64–104) and 546 (as compared to some 350 in BL 1985) in the “Biographical Data / Données biographiques” section (pp. 104–124). Given the wide areas and periods covered by historiographers, users of the BL will appreciate that the HoL section continues to be subdivided into a variety of subsections from “Western traditions” generally via “Antiquity”, “Middle Ages”, etc. down to “Indian tradition” and “Arab tradition”. However, this should not prevent historians of linguistics to consult other sections in the Bib., such as the “Festschriften/Mélanges in honorem” rubric (17–24), congress reports, and the general subsections in sections devoted to specific language fields or preceding (or sometimes even dispersed in) those devoted to general linguistic theory and philosophy of language. Another recent feature maintained in the HoL section is the regular addition of life-dates of authors in entries devoted to individual linguists. – Some of the ‘complements’ go back as far as 1983 (2352) and 1987 (entry 2349) .]

. 1993 . Der Untergang der ersten Welt. (1820) . Translated from the original Dutch and commentated by Hans Heinrich Meier . Amsterdam : Stichting Neerlandistiek VU , 159 pp. [ Willem Bilderdijk (1756–1831) was not only a scholar of linguistics, he was also the most celebrated Dutch poet of his day. This is the first German translation of his poetic epos about king Segol’s battle agianst the giants. It is preceded by the reproduction of a portrait of Bilderdijk in his youth (p. 6), another portrait of the poet in his later years (p. 19), an introduction by the translator (7–44), a synopsis of the five “songs” which constitute the epos (47–50), and a copy of Bilderdijk’s hand-drawn map of Eden (p. 52). Following the epos, there are comments by the translator (136–146), an index of names and words (147–154), a bib. (155–158), and a table of contents (p. 159) .]

, eds. 1993 . Yearbook of Morphology . Dordrecht-Boston-London : Kluwers Academic Publishers , vi, 294 pp. [ This volume focuses on the nature of morphological rules and the kinds of mechnisms and notions that are necessary for an adequate account of morphological processes, word-internal morphological structures, and the syntactic properties of complex words. Relevant evidence is also taken from the study of language change, language acquisition, and from statistical data concerning langauge use. Different models of morphological description are discussed. It also contains a number of in-depth reviews of recent monographs on the nature of morphological structure and its relation to syntax. Some sample articles are: “Inflectional rules in children’s grammar: Evidence from German participles”, by Harald Calsh & Monika Rothweiler; “Suffixal rivalry: A case study in Irish nominalizations”, by Aidan Doyle; “Verbal prefixation in Dutch: Thematic evidence for conversion”, by Ad Neeleman & Joleen Schipper; “Wackernagel affixes: Evidence from Balto-Slavic”, by Joel A. Nevis & Brian D. Joseph; “Head-operations in Spanish morphology”, by Franz Rainer; “Position classes and morphological theory”, by Gregory T. Stump; In the discussion section there is an article by Harald Baayen, “On frequency, transparency and productivity”. There is a review section consisting of two review articles and a number of book reviews (259–282); book notices (285–290); publications received (290–291), and notes on the contributors (293–294) .]

1992 . Twentieth Century Conceptions of Language: Mastering the metaphysics market . Oxford, U.K. & Cambridge, Mass. : Blackwell Publishers , xiv, 349 pp. [ This book deals with the main 20th-century conceptions of the nature of language by examining them in two different ways: first, “each conception is closely analysed to lay bare the beliefs making up its content, the justification for it, the conceptual origins it springs from, and also the merits and flaws it has.” Next, the author “unfolds a humour-coated account of the wondrous ways in which the various conceptions of language have been promoted on the metaphysics market.” The book is divided into six main parts: 1, “Merchandizing language as matter” (1–34); 2, “Billing language as behavioural” (35–78); 3, “Selling language as soul” (79–147); 4, “Pushing language as Platonic (not to mention Popperian)” (148–198); 5, “Stocking language as social stuff (199–242); 6, “Balancing the books” (243–265). The front matter contains a section on ‘mapping out the market’ (xi–xiv). The back matter has a section on ‘shutting up shop’ (266–269), notes (270–312), a bib. (313–331), and an index (332–349) .]

, eds. 1993 . Bio-bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachwissenschaft des 18. Jahrhunderts: Die Grammatiker, Lexikographen und Sprachtheoretiker des deutschsprachigen Raums mit Beschreibungen ihrer Werke , Vol. 21 : Bu-E . Tübingen : Max Niemeyer , xviii, 438 pp. [ This is the second in a series of volumes providing (in fact rather detailed) biobibliographical information on 18th-century authors in German-speaking lands. For an early presentation of this ongoing research project, see Herbert E. Brekle & Hans-Jürgen Höller, “Biobibliographical Handbook of 18th-century Scholars in the Language Sciences in German-Speaking Countries”, HL 8:1.171–190 (1981), with a preliminary list of authors (175188). Apart from the well-researched information (biographical sketch, analysis of scholarly output, bibliography, and references to secondary sources) provided for each entry from Johann Nikolaus Karl Buchenrödler to Leonhard Euler in the present volume (1–426). Among the scholars with distinguished careers are, inter alios, Philipp Buttmann (17641829), Martin Dobritzhofer (1717–1791), Josef Dobrovský (1753–1829), and Johann Gottfried Eichhorn (1752–1827), but also a certain Giacomo Casanova (1725–1798), who is otherwise – and much better – known for ‘exploits’ other than linguistic. The front matter provides a list of abbreviations (vii–xi), addenda to the list of abbreviations for secondary references (xii–xiii), and an index of authors (xiv–xviii). An appendix (427–438) lists authors who have been excluded from extensive treatment for a variety of reasons, such as the fact that their work appeared after the 1800 cut-off date, or that work ascribed to them was actually done by someone else .]

. Comparative-Historical Linguistics: Indo-European and Finno-Ugric . (= Current Issues in Linguistic Theory, 97 .) Amsterdam & Philadelphia : John Benjamins , xi, 571 pp. [ This is the third of three volumes dedicated to Prof. Oswald Szemerenyi for his 75th birthday. It contains 35 papers, each pertaining to one of eight topics: I, “Indo-European” (1–160); II, “Anatolian” (161–194); III, “Indic” (195–244); IV, “Iranian and Armenian” (245–278); V, “Celtic” (279–304); VI, “Germanic languages” (305472); VII, “Slavic and Albanian” (473–506), and VIII. “Fenno-Ugrica and Altaica” (507558). Contributors include: John R. Costello, “Modal auxiliaries in Proto-Indo-European” (73–90); Henry M. Hoenigswald, “On Indoeuropean laryngeals after word-initial s-” (119122); Andrew L. Sihler, “ The Anatolian and Indo-Europan first person plural” (171–186); Hans Henrich Hock, “A critical examination of some early Sanskrit passages alleged to indicate dialectal diversity” (217–232); Gevork B. Jahukian, “The Armenian sufixes of Iranian origin” (257–270); Anders Ahlqvist, “The Old Irish imperfect indicative” (281–290); Robert D. Fulk, “Paradigm regularization and the Verschärfung” (341–352); (the late) Agnija V. Desnickaja, “Über die Form des Gen.-Dat. Pl. im Albanischen: Zur Methode der vergleichenden Sprachforschung” (489–505); Gabor Bereczki, “The character and the scale of Turkic influence on the structure of Finno-Ugric languages” (475–488). The volume in an index of authors (559–571) .]

. 1993 . The Reanalysis of Reflexives: A diachronic perspective . Naples : Liguori Editore Publications , 118 pp. [ This study traces the development of the reanalysis of the reflexive pronoun as a voice-marker in some Romance languages and in Russian. Starting from a prototypical, multifactorial view of transitivity, evidence is given for three transitivity parameters being crucially involved in this type of syntactic change, interacting at different stages in the course of time: Aspect, person and control, with the last triggering the change. The book is divided into five main chapters followed by a brief concluding chapte: 1, “Transitivity and the continuum of control”; 2, “Romance se and Russian sja: A synchronic statement”; 3, “Romance se and Russian sja: some diachronic evidence”; 4, “The drift of the change”; 5, “On the so-called passive status of some reflexive constructions”; 6, “Conclusions”. After the concluding chapter, the author provides transitivity tables from some languages and also a list of sources and references .]

. 1993 . Les Figures de construction dans la syntaxe latine (1500–1780) . (= Bibliothèque de l’Information Grammaticale, 25 .) Louvain & Paris : Éditions Peeters , iv, 553 pp. [ In this book, the author exmines the development of construction figures in Latin syntax between the 16th and 18th centuries, a period in the history of Latin grammar which has yet to be thoroughly studied. Moreover, the use of construction figures is traced beyond the disappearance of Neo-Latin, into the emergence of the French language. A corpus of 127 grammatical examples is provided to demonstrate this evolution. The book is divided into four major sections: I, talks about the eight types of early-16th-century construction figures (11–96); II, deals with the reform of the (grammatical) system under Humanism (97–230); III, concerns itself with pedagogic mutations and the ‘philosophical’ tradition (231–322); and IV, covers the period of the Enlightenment (323–422). Apart from the main text, there is a foreword (i–iv), an introduction (1–10), a series of annexes (425–522), a bib. (523–542), illustrations of an original Latin text (543–544), and a table of contents (545–553) .]

, eds. 1993 . New Historical Literary Study: Essays on reproducing texts, representing history . Princeton, New Jersey : Princeton Univ. Press , vii, 337 pp. [ This book is a collection of essays about the production and interpretation of cultural texts. The contributors explore how historical factors interact with the productive and interpretive processes. Though initially identified with studies in the Renaissance and Romanticism, ‘new historicism’ now involves all areas of literary study. After an introduction by the editors, the contributions are classified into 13 chapters. Brief author index .]

Dialogue: Canadian philosophical review / Revue Canadienne de philosophic Vol. 32/11 Winter/Hiver 1993 . Kitchener, Ontario : Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press ( for the Canadian Philosophical Association ), 216 pp. [ This issue includes articles by Emilio Brito (“La « Dialectique » de Schleiermacher” (41–58)), and by André Leclerc (“La Grammaire générale classique en tant que programme de recherche scientifique” (77–94)). There is a large section entitled “Critical notices/études critiques” (105–162), and a book review section (171–211) which contains over a dozen contributions. Other sections in this issue are “Intervention” (163–170), “Books received/Livres reçus” (212–214), and “Announcements / Chroniques” (p. 215) .]

, eds. 1991 . Dialog ohne Grenzen: Beiträge zum Bielefelder Kolloqium zur Lage von Linguistik und Literaturwissen-schaft in der ehemahligen DDR . (= Bielefelder Schriften zu Linguistik und Literaturwissenschaften, 1 .) Bielefeld : Aisthesis Verlag , 174 pp. [ This first volume of the BSLL series is a collection of nine papers originally presented at a colloquium on the state of Linguistics and Literature in the former German Democratic Republic, held in Bielefeld in November of 1990. These papers include: Rainer Rosenberg, “Zur Geschichte der Literaturwissenschaft in the DDR” (1135); Barbara Raschke, “Zur Diskussion um Schulen in der DDR-Historiographie deutscher Literatur” (36–49), and Wolfgang Albrecht, “Erforschung der deutschen Literatur des späten 18. und frühen 19. Jahrhunderts in der DDR” (50–73); Erhard Köstler, “Entwicklung und Stand der Literaturpsychologie in der DDR” (74–89); Wolfgang Wicht, “Entwicklung und Stand der anglistischen Literaturwissenschaft in der DDR” (90–105); Gerd Wotjak, “Zur romanistischen Linguistik in der DDR” (106–130); Wolfgang Ullrich Wurzel, “Zur Geschichte der theoretischen Grammatik in der DDR” (131–141); Ingrid Kelling, “Das Fach Deutsch als Fremdsprache in der DDR” (142–153); Gerhard Wazel, “Stand und Perspektiven der Auslandsgermanistik” (154–169). There is are a few notes on the contributors (170174) .]

, eds. 1993 . La Linguistique entre Mythe et Histoire: Actes des journées d’étude organisées les 4 et 5 juin 1991 à la Sorbonne en l’honneur de Hans Aarsleff . Münster : Nodus Publikationen , 360 pp. [ This book compiles most of the papers which were presented in honour of Hans Aarsleff at the Sorbonne, Paris, in 1991. Their general purpose is to build on Hans Aarsleff’s efforts to reconcile the study of language and the study of culture, or more precisely, to build a bridge between the disciplines of linguistics and of history. Of the eighteen papers, nine are in French, one is in Italian, and the following eight are in English: Thomas Willard, “Aarsleff on Locke on language” (55–70); Stefano Gensini, “‘Naturale’, ‘Arbitrarium’ and ‘Casus’ in Leibniz’ theory of language” (71–110); Lia Formigari, “The mind-body problem in Herder’s theory of language” (159174); Robert Norton, ‘“Herder und kein Ende’: Hans Aarsleff and the historiography of eighteenth-century philosophy of language” (175–186); Wolfert von Rahden, “Ich bin ein Thier gewesen’: Herder’s concept of evolution in the context of his time” (187–210); Vivien Law, “Processes of assimilation: European grammars of Sanskrit in the early decades of the nineteenth century” (237–262); Jan Noordegraaf, “From myth to history. On the reception of German historical grammar in nineteenth-century Dutch linguistics” (297318); and T. Craig Christy, “Alphabetic writing, cognitive structures and language change” (329–342). There is an introduction by the editors (7–10), and an index nominum (343360) .]

, ed. 1993 . Sprachwissenschaft im 18. Jahrhundert: Fallstudien und Überblicke . Münster : Nodus Publikationen , 193 pp. [ This book brings together eight papers, all in German, dealing with various aspects of the study of language throughout the 18th century. It provides a general overview of the evolution of linguistics as a field within that particular period, as well as focusing on some of the leading 18th-century scholars and their work. These are: Dieter Cherubim, “Elias Caspar Reichard: Sprachwissenschaft und Sprachkritik im frühen 18. Jahrhundert” (23–46); Ludwig M. Eichinger, “Grammatik als Ordnungsprizip: Sprachwissenschaftliches in Karl Philipp Moritzens Kinderlogik” (47–58); Helmut Weiß, “Deutsche Universalgrammatiken aus der ersten Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts” (59–76); Corinna Fricke, “Die Deutschen Gesellschaften des 18. Jahrhunderts – ein Forschungsdesiderat” (77–98); Joachim Gessinger, “Gedankenfiguren – Sprachfiguren: Über Denken und Sprechen bei Diderot oder Diskurs über das Essen” (99–110); Wolfert von Rahden, “Sprachpsychonauten: Einige nicht-institutionelle Aspekte der Entstehung einer “Sprachbetrachtung in psychologischer Rücksicht” im letzten Drittel des 18. Jahrhunderts am Beispiel der Diskurskonkurrenz zwischen Immanuel Kant und Karl Philipp Moritz” (111–142); Jean-Claude Muller, “Die Sanskritgrammatiken europäischer Missionare: Aufbau und Wirkung (17. und 18. Jahrhundert)” (143–168); and Gerhard Biller, “‘Weltenweisheit’ und ihre Fachsprache: Auswahlbibliographie zu sprachwissenschaftlicher Sekundärbehandlung von Christian Wolff (1679–1754)” (169–178). There is an introductory article by the ed. (“Muthmassungen: Zur Einleitung”, 7–22), and an index of names (179–193) .]

. 1993 . Lexical Studies of Medieval Spanish Texts. A Bibliography of Concordances, Glossaries, Vocabularies and Selected Word Studies . 2nd ed., rev. and expanded Madison : The Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies , xiii, 209 pp. [ Die Bibliographie enthält 802 Titel lexikalischer Studien und Nachschlagewerke zu altspanischen Texten. Sie gliedert sich in sieben Kapitel: “General Works”, “Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries”, “Thirteenth Century”, “Forteenth Century”, “Fifeteenth Century”, “Judeo-Spanish Texts” und “Aljamiado Texts”. Drei Indices (“Index of Authors and Editors”, “Index of Reviewers” und “Titel Index”) erschließen diese wichtige Sammlung, welche angesichts des Fehlen eines guten altspanischen Lexikons allen denen von Nutzen ist, welche zum Altspanischen arbeiten. – HJN ]

. 1992 . An Indo-European Classification: A lexicostatistical experiment . (= Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 82:5 .) Philadelphia : The American Philosophical Society , iv, 132 pp. [ The first and major purpose of this work is to validate the lexicostatistical method by presenting the classification it yeild for the Indo-European family, and comparing that classification with the traditional one. This classification can be regarded as a principal confirmation of the validity of the lexicostatistical method. The book contains eight chapters, the first one is an introduction to the lexicostatistics and the last one being the concluding one. 2, “The data and the method of subgrouping”; 3, “Explanation of the box-diagram”; 4, “Expalnation of the outline classification”; 5, “Implicationa and problems”; 6, “The box diagram and discrepancies”; 7, “Multidimensional scaling”. The back matter consists of a bib., an index and a list of figures used in the book .]

, ed. 1992 . Lieber Freund…: Die Briefe Hermann Osthoffs an Karl Brugmann, 1875–1904 . Trier : Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Trier , 296 pp. [ This book is an annotated edition of over 130 letters and postcards which Hermann Osthoff wrote to his fellow ‘young grammarian’ Karl Brugmann during almost his entire career. It constitutes an important document in the history of historical-comparative linguistics during the last quarter of the 19th century, in particular since O. reports on his discoveries as well as on his battles in great detail. The book is divided into three main parts: 1, “Osthoff an Brugmann: Ein Blick ‘hinter die coulissen’“ (13–24); 2, “Editionsprinzipien” (25–26); and 3, “Die Briefe” (27–248). There is a short preface (9–10), a chronological index of the letters (249261), a biographical index of persons mentioned in the correspondance (262–281), and an index of names (282–287). The back matter also reproduces of one of Osthoff’s letters in his original handwriting, as well as pictures of both Brugmann and Osthoff .]

1993 . Language, Thought, and Logic . (= Rethinking Theory, [unnumbered] .) Evanston, Ill. : Northwestern Univ. Press , x, 163 pp. [ In this book, it is argued “that categorization, not syntax, is the most fundamental aspect and process of language, and that neither anything else in language nor, indeeed, its purposes can be properly understood until the categorization has been grasped.” The book is divided into eight chapters: 1, “The scope of the issues in theory of language (1–14); 2, “Initial missteps in theory of language” (15–25); 3, “The heart of language: Categorization” (27–44); 4, “Grammar” (45–54); 5, “Language and thought” (55–65); 6, “The problems of philosophy I: Ethics and aesthetics” (67–81); 7, “The problems of philosophy II: Epistemology and logic” (83–96), and 8, “The state of linguistics” (97–114). There is a preface (ix–x), a “Conclusion: Theory of language” (115–119), notes (121–156), and a bib. (157–163) .]

, comp. 1993 . Diglossia: A comprehensive bibliography, 1960–1990, and supplements . With an introduction by W[illiam] F[rancis] Mackey . (= Library & Information Sources in Linguistics, 23 .) Amsterdam & Philadelphia : John Benjamins , lii, 472 pp. [ This volume brings together close to 3,000 items dealing with the subject that is much (albeit perhaps not justifiably so) associated with Charles A. Ferguson’s well-known 1959 “Diglossia” paper in Word (as both the concept and term were used as early as 1885, as may be gathered from Mackey’s introduction). Although pre-1960 publications are included, the bulk of the bibliography covers the past 30 and more years of research on the sociolinguistics and sociopolitics of diglossia. The compiler has made every effort to render the coverage as broad as possible. Many of the entries are annotated; titles from the less easily accessible languages are also translated. The value of this important research tool is enhanced by the addition of altogether six indexes: (1) of languages; (2) diglossia in literature; (3) historically oriented works; (4) pedagogically oriented works; (5) theoretical works, and (6) theses and dissertations .]

, eds. 1990 . Dritter Spiegel der Anglisten: Biographische und bibliographische Angaben von 546 Professoren, Dozenten, Habilitanden . Teil I1 : Buchstaben A bis H . (= Augsburger I&I-Schriften, 55 .) Augsburg : Universität Augsburg [ for ordering, send your request to the author at the Institut für englische Sprachwissenschaften, Univ. of Augsburg, D-8900 Augsburg, Germany ], xii, 452 pp. [ This is the first of three volumes compiling the names as well as the biographical and bibliographical credits English language and literature currently working at German-speaking universities. It covers scholars from Jochen Achilles to Harald Husemann (1–452). The front matter contains a preface (v–vi), an introduction (vii–ix), and a list of abbreviations (x–xii) .]

, eds. 1990 . Dritter Spiegel der Anglisten: Biographische und bibliographische Angaben von 546 Professoren, Dozenten, Habilitanden . Teil II1 : Buchstaben I bis R . (= Augsburger I&I-Schriften, 56 .) Augsburg : Universität Augsburg , 361 pp. [ This is the second volume in a series of three. It continues the bio-/bibliographical listing of English scholars, from Heinz Ickstadt to Wolfgang Rudorff (1–361) .]

, eds. 1990 . Dritter Spiegel der Anglisten: Biographische und bibliographische Angaben von 546 Professoren, Dozenten, Habilitanden . Teil III1 : Buchstaben S bis Z . (= Augsburger I&I-Schriften, 57 .) Augsburg : Universität Augsburg [ see address in next entry ], 274 pp. [ This is the last in a three-volume series, and it concludes the list of scholars of English language and literature, from Hans Sauer to Wolfgang Zydatiss (1–223). This is followed by an index of subfields (227–232), an index of research topics (233–260), and an index of authors (261–274) .]

. 1989 . Neuer Anglistenspiegel Ergänzungsband: Außerplanmäßige Professoren, Privatdozenten, Habilitanden: Biographische und bibliographische Angaben . (= Augsburger I&I-Schriften, 45 .) Augsburg : Universität Augsburg [ for ordering, send your request to the author at the Institut für englische Sprachwissenschaften, Univ. of Augsburg, D-8900 Augsburg, Germany ], viii, 205 pp. [ This volume is an updated, annotated directory of all the English scholars currently working at universities in Germany. Each entry includes a scholar’s year of birth, academic credentials and affiliations, as well as a bibliography of his/her publications. The front matter has a foreword (v–vi), and a list of abbreviations (vii–viii). The back matter has an index of subfields (195), an index of research topics (196–201), and an index of names (202–205) .]

. 1993 . Signs, Science and Politics: Philosophies of language in Europe 1700–1830 . (= Studies in the History of the Language Sciences, 70 .) Amsterdam & Philadelphia : John Benjamins , x, 215 pp. [ This book brings together essays and papers by the author on the theory and philosophy of language in the 18th and early 19th centuries. Taken as a whole, the book tells the story of how 18th-century European philosopy used Locke’s theory of signs to build a natural history of speech and to investigate the semiotic tools with which both nature and human society can be controlled. The third chapter is meant as an epilogue and describes the emergence of the alternative positions of empiricisms and idealism in late 18th-century theories of language.The book has three main chapters inscribed thus: 1, “The semiotic control of experience”; 2, “The semiotic control of civil society”, and 3, “The birth of idealism in linguistics: The history of a transition”. The front matter contains a preface and acknowledgements. The back matter includes a bib., an index of authors and an index of subjects and terms .]

Fortvnatae: Revista Canada de filologia, cultura y humanidades clasicas / Canary review of classical philology, culture and humanities . Vol. 31 , 1992 . La Laguna : Univ. de La Laguna , 401 pp. [ A few of the articles featured in this issue are: Antonio López Eire, “Retórica frente a cristianismo en la Autobiografía de Libanio” (85–98); Javier Velaza, “Sobre algunos aspectos de la falsificatión en epigrafía ibérica” (315–328). Each article is preceded by a brief summary in English. One of the articles reviewed is L. Canfora’s “Ideologías de los estudios clásicos” by F. Salas Saigado (377–378) .]

Fortvnatae: Revista Canada de filologia, cultura y humanidades clasicas / Canary review of classical philology, culture and humanities . Vol. 41 , 1992 . La Laguna : Univ. de La Laguna , 360 pp. [ The authors in this issue include: Francisco Gonzáles-Luis, “La grammática de la lengua tupí de José de Anchieta y su dependencia de la grammática latina” (229–244); and Elisa Dahler Hernández, “Notas sobre la Grammática Latina de Andrés Bello” (333–340). Each article has a brief summary in English added .]

, eds. 1992 . Internal and External Factors in Syntactic Change . (= Trends in Linguistics; Studies and Monographs, 61 .) Berlin & New York : Mouton de Gruyter , vi, 482 pp. [ This volume brings 16 articles first presented at a workshop held during 9.ICHL in 1989. Some selected articles are: Martinel Gerritsen & Dieter Stein, “Introduction: On ‘internal’ and ‘external’ in syntactic change”; Marianne Mithun, “External triggers and internal guidance in syntactic development: Coordinating conjunction”; David Denison, “Counterfactual may have”; Jean Aitchison, “Relative clauses in Tok Pisin: Is there a natural pathway?”; Marinel Gerritsen, “Internal and external factors in the stabilization of verb-last order in Dutch infinitive clauses”; Suzanne Fleischmann, “Discourse and diachrony: The rise and fall of Old French SI”. The back matter contains a subject index (475–482) .]

, ed. 1993 . The Field of Yiddish: Studies in language, folklore, and literature . 5th collection. Evanston , Illinois : Northwestern Univ. Press , viii, 327 pp. [ As the title of the collection indicates the book contains articles on the language, folklore, and literature of Yiddish. There are eleven articles in the collection. Some selected articles are: Edward Stankiewicz, “The Yiddish thematic verbs”; Ellen F. Prince, “On the discourse functions of syntactic form in Yiddish: Expletive ES and subject postposing”; Jean Baumgrarten, “Les manuscrits Yidich de la bibliothèque Nationale de Paris”; Robert A. Rothstein, ’“Geyt a yid in shenkl aryan: Yiddish songs of drunkedness”; Jeffrey Shandler, ‘“We can read and understand’: A semiotic analysis of the American Yiddish primer and the transformation of literacy”. There is a list of contributors (303–304); and a general index (305327) .]

. 1994 . On the History of Grammar among the Arabs: An essay in literary history . Transl. from the Hungarian, ed. and with an introduction by Kinga Dévényi & Tamás Iványi . (= Studies in the History of the Language Sciences, 73 .) Amsterdam & Philadelphia : John Benjamins , xx, 153 pp. ; 11 portr. [ Transl. of A nyelvtudomány történnete az araboknál (Budapest: Franklin, 1878), to which the editors have added a valuable Introd. (xiii–xx), a detailed set of indexes (116–122), and a thorough bib. of primary (123136) and secondary (136–153) sources, thus making this an up-to-date account of Arabic linguistic historiography .]

1993 . Hypertext and the Technology of Conversation: Orderly situational choice . Westport, Connecticut & London : Greenwood Press , xi, 261 pp. [ This book explores the usefulness of looking at very small aspects of human behaviour in order to understand computer-human interaction difficulties with hypertext. The focus is on both mechanical actions and talk as social action. The book is composed of ten chapters followed by three appendices, a list of references and a general index. The book is also amply illustrated with figures .]

. 1989 . Phonetisches Institut: Führer durch die Schausammlung . Hamburg : Christians Verlag [for Univ. Hamburg] , 30 pp. [ As one in a series of guide-booklets to the various museum exhibits of the University of Hamburg, this particular volume describes the impressive collection of early-20th-century apparatuses which are on display at the institute of phonetics. Thus, it also provides a short history of experimental phonetics and its methodology, from its turn-of-the-century beginnings up to the 1930s. There is a “Geleitwort” (p. 5), and an index of the exhibited items (92–94), many of which are also illustrated in the booklet .]

. 1992 . Anglistenlexikon 1825–1990: Biographische und bibliographische Angaben zu 318 Anglisten . (= Augsburger I & I-Schriften, 64 .) Augsburg : Univ. Augsburg [ for ordering, send your request to the editor, Prof. Konrad Schröder, at the Institut für englische Sprachwissenschaften, University of Augsburg, D-8900 Augsburg, Germany ], 389 pp. [ This impressive bibliographical dictionary on all Anglicists in German-speaking lands from the early beginnings of the study of English language and literature as an academic discipline constitutes a thoroughly updated, corrected, and enlarged version of the first author’s Biographisches und bibliographisches Lexikon zur Geschichte der Anglistik, 1850–1925 (Augsburg, 1981), xxvi, 217 pp. It has an index of the names of the teachers and pupils of the scholars treated in the dictionary (371–383) .]

. 1993 . The Language Builder: An essay on the human signature in linguistic morphogenesis . (= Amsterdam Studies in the Theory and History of Linguistic Science, 94 .) Amstedam & Philadelphia : John Benjamins , xii, 283 pp. [ This volume proposes an approach where humans are seen as ‘language builders’, both consciously and unconsciously, and where the object of linguistic study may thus be redefined as human ‘language building activity’. The book is divided into three main parts: Part I: “Levels of linguistic consciousness and human intervention in language” (7–88); Part II: “The place of human in morphogenesis” (89–168); Part III: “Two aspects of morphogenesis” (169–230). There is an introduction (1–6), a conclusion (231–232). The back matter has notes (233–235), references (237–263), an index of subjects (264–268), an index of languages (269–278), and an index of names (279–283) .]

. 1993 . The Linguistics Wars . New York & Oxford : Oxford Univ. Press , ix, 356 pp. [ The present book gives a detailed, indeed thorough, account of the complex intellectual dispute between Noam Chomsky and several of his close allies, notably Ray Jackendoff, and the so-called ‘generative semanticists’ (notably James D. McCawley, George Lakoff, and others) on the place of ‘meaning’ in linguistic theory. It explores this ongoing controversy from its beginnings in the sixties, through the seventies, and all the way to its present-day repercussions. There are ten chapters: 1, “Language, thought, and the linguistic wars” (3–9); 2, “Linguistics” (10–34); 3, “The Chomskyan revolution” (35–73); 4, “The beauty of deep structure” (74–100); 5, “Generative semantics 1: The model” (101134); 6, “Generative semantics 2: The heresy” (135–159); 7, “The vicissitudes of war” (160–197); 8, “Generative semantics 3: The ethos” (198–213); 9, “Generative semantics 4: The collapse” (214–239); 10, “Whence and whither” (240–260). The back matter has copious endnotes (261–310), a list of works cited (311–340), and an index (341–356) .]

. 1993 . Van Ironie Naar Skepsis: Over de taaltheoretische gevolgen ven het socratisch-kantiaanse kennisideaal . Amsterdam : Stichting Neerlandistiek VU , 61 pp. [ In this little book, the author proposes a possible solution to the age-old ‘conflict’ between the two traditional approaches to the theory of language, i.e. the ‘analytic’ appraoach, where language is seen as an inadequate source of knowledge, versus the ‘synthetic’ approach, which views language as a sufficient source of knowledge as well as the only one available to us. Instead, it is suggested that the two are complementary and a new kind of approach is needed: “a theory of language that is skeptical about claims of knowledge – in the sense of Pyrrho and Sextus Empiricus” (p. 61) There is a bib. (54–58), and an English summary (59–61) .]

, eds. 1993 . Romanistik. Eine Bonner Erfindung . Teil I1 : Darstellung; Teil II1 : Dokumentation . (= Academica Bonnensia, 8:1–2 .) Bonn : Bouvier , 1227 pp. [ Diese wichtige Neuerscheinung bietet im I. Teil Gelehrtenporträts von Friedrich Diez (1794–1876), dem “Begründer der Romanischen Philologie” und von seinen Bonner Nachfolgern Wendelin Foerster (1843–1915) und Heinrich Schneegans (1863–1914) sowie eine aus Archiven erstmalig (von Barbara Jaster) zusammengestellte Übersicht über “Bonner romanistische Lehrveranstaltungen und Doktorarbeiten (1818–1916)”. Der II. Teil bringt eine, vorwiegend literarisch ausgerichtete, Diez-Anthologie (pp. 457–913, mit den Unterkapiteln “I. Aus der Welt des Dichters”; “II. Aus der Werkstatt des Übersetzers”; “III. Aus dem Wirkungsbereich des Lehrers”; “IV. Biographisches aus eigener Feder”) sowie Dokumente zu Foerster (“I. Aus den Akten des Ministeriums und Dokumente der Fakultät”; “II. Neunzehn Briefe und ein Lebenslauf; “III. Aus wissenschaftlichen Schriften”; “IV. Wissenschaft, Lehrerausbildung, Schule”) und Schneegans (“I. Briefe”; “II. Wissenschaftsideal und Wissenschaftsgeschichte”; “III. Aus den elsäßischen Schriften: Dichtung und Politik”; “IV. Ausbildung und Lehrtätigkeit”; “V. Ein Gutachten”). Auf einen Index wurde leider verzichtet. – HJN .]

, eds. 1993 . Generative Studies in Basque Linguistics . (= Current Issues in Linguistic Theory, 105 .) Amsterdam & Philadelphia : John Benjamins , vi, 333 pp. [ This volume is a collection of 11 papers dealing with the phonology, morphology, and syntax of the Basque language from a generative perspective. Following an introduction by the editors (1–20), there are contributions by Itziar Laka, ‘The structure of inflection: A case study in X° syntax” (21–70); Lisa Lai Shen Cheng & Hamida Demirdache, “External arguments in Basque” (71–87); Bernard Oyharçabal, “Verb agreement with non arguments: On allocutive agreement” (89–114); Georges Rebuschi, “Basque pronouns and relativized locality” (115–144), Rudolf P. G. de Rijk, “Basque hospitality and the suffix -ko” (145–162); Andolin Eguzkitza, “Adnominals in the grammar of Basque” (163–187); Jon Ortiz de Urbina, “Feature percolation and clausal pied-piping” (189–219); Miren Azkarate, “Basque compound nouns and generative morphology: Some data” (221–242); Eulàlia Bonet, “Vowel assimilation in Baztan and levels in phonology” (243–261); Xabier Artiagoita, “Syllable structure in Modern Basque and in Proto-Basque” (263–287); José Ignacio Hualde, “Topics in Souletin Phonology” (289–327). An index of subjects and terms rounds off the volume (329–333) .]

. 1991 . Teaching and Learning Latin in 13th-Century England . Vol. I1 : Texts; vol. II1 : Glosses; vol. III1 : Indexes . Cambridge : D. S. Brewer , ix, 453, 175 , 365 pp. [ Im Vorwort zu dieser außerordentlich wichtigen Neuerscheinung heißt es u.a.: “Our knowledge of the medieval languages is partial and distorted to an alarming degree and our ignorance of their techical vocabularies almost total. Yet a true and fair appraisal of medieval writings must take account of the real nature of medieval literacy. We cannot hope to understand that literacy until we know what men learned and how they learned.” (p.vii). Dieses Lernen erfolgte u.a. dadurch, daß man lateinische, aber auch ‘exotische’ (griechische und hebräische) Texte (namentlich in der Volkssprache) glossierte. Im England des 13. Jahrhunderts bediente man sich dabei vorwiegend der französischen, gelegentlich auch der englischen Sprache, manchmal auch beider. Der erste Band enthält eine sorgfältige Präsentation des Quellenmaterials, nach Textsorten gegliedert. Es behandelt, nach einer generelleren Einleitung in die “Variety of Glossing”, literarische Texte (Kap. 2), Grammatiken (Kap. 3; z.B. Aelfric), Wortlisten (Kap. 4, z.B. Parvipontanus, A. Nequam, Johannes de Garlandia), in Kommentaren integrierte Glossen (Kap. 5), Glossen in ‘Exotica’ (Kap. 6) und schließlich Wörterbücher und das darin enthaltene glossographische Material (Kap. 7). Der zweite Band enthält “Interlinear glosses corresponding to chapters in Volume One.” Der dritte Band enthält “Glossary indexes” (“Latin-Vernacular” und “Vernacular-Latin”). Mit den drei Bänden verfügen wir endlich über eine exzellente Dokumentation zum glossierten Schrifttum in England und gleichzeit über ein höchst zuverlässige Erschließung der darin enthaltenen lateinischen und volkssprachlichen Materialien. Es wäre zu wünschen, daß ähnliche Arbeiten zur Glossographie in Frankreich (sie sind nach vielversprechenden Ansätzen schon lange zum Erliegen gekommen), in Spanien (auch hier sind nur Ansätze zu verzeichnen) und anderen europäischen Ländern bald ebenfalls in Angriff genommen werden; das hier angezeigte Magnum opus von Tony Hunt bietet hierzu ein Vorbild, dem man sich anschließen sollte. (Lediglich die typographische Gestaltung hätte verbessert werden können.) – HJN. – Cf. also Nicholas Orme’s review above .

ed. 1994 . The Irish Language in the United States: A historical, sociolinguistic and applied linguistic survey . Westport, Connecticut & London : Bergin & Garvey Publications , xi, 167 pp. [ This book is a collection of articles that reflects a small portion of Irish-language activity in the United States. The articles are written by both individuals who are involved in the language and those who have completed research on the history or state of the Irish language in America. The articles have been grouped in two parts: Part I consists of longer and more scholarly articles that have been treated as individual chapters, and part II consists of articles that are shorter and which in many cases represent observations or experiences of the Irish language in America.The back matter of the book contains a glossary, a bibliography, an index and a section about the editor and the contributors .]

, 1993 . English Phonology . Amsterdam & Philadelphia : John Benjamins , x, 251 pp. [ The book discusses the phonology of English within the frameworks of lexical, metrical, and prosodic phonology. The author views syllabic, metrical and lexical phonology as forming a single integrated system unified by a hierarchy of prosodic categories extending from the mora to the utterance. The book tries to apply the principles of prosodic phonology into the English sound system and gives a detailed analysis of different aspects of English phonology. It has eight chapters as follows: 1, “Introduction”; 2, “Segmental phonology”; 3, “The syllable and mora”; 4, “English stress”; 5, “Prosodic phonology”; 6, “Lexical phonology:the cyclic rules”; 7, “Lexical phonology:the postcyclic rules”; 8, “Postlexical phonolgy and conclusion”. There is a list of references (239–246) and a general index (247–251) .]

. 1993 . Progress in Language; with special reference to English . (= Amsterdam Classics in Linguistics, 1800–1925, 17 .) Amsterdam & Philadelphia : John Benjamins , xviii, 370 pp. [ This is a reprint [two pages of the small original on one] of the book by the great Danish scholar first published in 1894. The new edition has a foreword by E. F. K. Koerner and a very informative introduction by James D. McCawley (ix–xvii). Part of the work (chapters 6–8) is in fact a reworking and translation of the author’s 1891 doctoral thesis on the history of the English cases. It has (after a preface and a list of sigla) the following chapters: 1, “Introduction”; 2, “Ancient and modern languages”; 3, “Primitive grammar”; 4, “The history of Chinese and word order”; 5, “The development of language”; 6, “English case-systems, old and modern”; 7, “Case-shiftings in the pronouns”; 8, “The English group genitive”, and 9, “Origins of language”, with subsections on “Method”, “Sounds”, “Grammar” and “Vocabulary”. The book is rounded off by a general index (366370) .]

, ed. 1993 . Historical Linguistics: Problems and perspectives . London & New York : Longman , xiii, 405 pp. [ This book is a collection of a twelve papers, each one dealing with a different issue, trend, or approach in the current study of language change through time. Of primary concern is the impact recent generativist models, as well as the validity of linguistic recontruction, in terms of both its practice and its results. Contributors are: John Anderson, “Parameters of syntactic change: A notational view” (1–42); Raimo Anttila, “Change and metatheory at the beginning of the 1990s: The primacy of history” (43–73); Bernard Comrie, “Typology and reconstruction” (74–97); Patricia Donegan, “On the phonetic basis of phonological change” (98–130); Nancy C. Dorian, “Internally and externally motivated change in language contact settings: Doubts about dichotomy” (131–155); Roger Lass, “How real(ist) are reconstructions?” (156–189); David Lightfoot, “Why UG needs a learning theory: Triggering verb movement” (190–214); James Milroy, “On the social origins of language change” (215–236); John Ohala, “The phonetics of sound change” (237–278); Wayne O’Neil, “Nicaraguan English in history” (279–318); Theo Vennemann, “Language change as language improvement” (319–344); and William S.-Y. Wang & Chinfa Lien, “Bidirectional diffusion in sound change” (345–400). The front matter consists of notes on the contributors (vii–ix), the editor’s preface (x–xii), and acknowledgements (p.xiii). General index (401–405) .]

. 1993 . Le Comparatisme – T.2: Émergence d’une méthode . (= Bibliothèque des Cahiers de l’Institut de Linguistique de Louvain, 69 .) Louvain-la-Neuve : Peeters , 208 pp. [ This is the second of three volumes and deals with the gradual emergence, from the end of the 18th century onwards, of a comparativist methodology in the scientific study of language as well as in other scientific domaines. The author explores the profound implications and repercussions such an approach has had on the evolution of the sciences, and on their role within society. The volume has three main sections (continued from the first volume): 4, deals with the comparative method per se (15–102), including its ideological implications, and its application to the study of anatomy; 5, focuses on the evolution of paleontology (103–146); and 6, looks at the development of some subfields of biology (147–190), namely embryology, teratology, and genetics. There is a preface (9–13), and a bib. (191–206), but no index .]

. 1993 . Der Mimesisbegriff in der griechischen Antike: Neube-trachtung eines umstrittenen Begriffes als Ansatz zu einer neuen Interpretation der platonischen Kunstauffassung . Amsterdam : Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen , 78 pp. [ The author’s aim is twofold: first, she describes as fully as possible the meaning of the concept of ‘mimesis’ in ancient Greece. Next, she explores Plato’s use of this word in his writings, thereby attempting to shed new light on his conceptions of art. There is an introduction (7–9), summaries in English, French, and Dutch (70, 71, and 72 respectively), a bib. (73–75), an index of Greek authors & topics (76–77), and an index of names (p. 78) .]

1992 . Balmesian Linguistics: A chapter in the history of pre-rationalist thought . (= Cahier voor Taalkunde, 7 .) Amsterdam : Stichting Neerlandistiek VU , 50 pp. [ This essay commemorates the 500th anniversary of the doctorate of the Italian Rabbi Abraham ben Meir de Balmes (c.1440–1523) who acquired his doctor’s degree in medicine and philosophy at Naples University in 1492. He is one of the Jewish translators of Aristotle with the commentaries of Averroes into Latin, also one of the Hebrew grammarians who made earlier Jewish grammatical scholarship widely known to non-Jewish students by the publication of his [Miqneh Abram] / Pecvlivm Abrœ (Venice 1523), a bilingual grammar in Hebrew and Latin, especially written for a Christian public. The cahier gives an overview of the contents of this grammar and discusses in particular its contrastive-grammatical analysis, its Aristotelian character, its ‘phonetics’ and its – for the age – ‘syntax’. The study may be divided into the following sections: “Introduction”; 1, “A ‘peculiar’ grammar”; 2, “Phonetics”; 3, “The parts of speech”; 4, “Syntax”; 5, “Concluding remarks”. List of references (48–50) .]

, ed. 1993 . Ferdinand de Saussure, Cours de linguistique générale: Premier et troisième cours, d’après les notes de Riedlinger et Constantin . (= Collection Recherches Université Gakushuin, 24 .) Tokyo : Université Gakushuin , 368 pp. [ This French text, reconstructed from micro-film copies of the original manuscripts in Geneva, encompasses the first (9–176) and third (177–368) series of Saussure’s famous lectures on general linguistics exactly as they were preserved in the notes of two of his students, Albert Riedlinger (1883–1978) and Emile Constantin (of the same generation), respectively. Each part begins with its own reconstituted table of contents. Part I features four main chapters: 1, “Les évolutions phonétiques” (45–79); 2, “Changements analogiques” (80–141); 3, “Aperçu sur l’histoire de la famille des langues indo-européennes” (142–159), and 4, “Méthode reconstructive et sa valeur” (160–176). Part III juxtaposes two major sections: 1, “Les langues” (193–275), which is divided into five chapters discussing various languages, their geography, and their history; and 2, “La langue” (276–368), which contains another six chapters and introduces the concepts of the signe linguistique, langue versus parole, and signifiant versus signifié. The ed. has added a general introduction (1–8) .]

. 1993 . Romanojudaica . (= Romania occidentalis, 23 .) Gerbrunn bei Würzburg : Lehmann , xi, 188 pp. [ Der Band enthält 8 Beiträge, welche sehr zuverlässig über die Sprache der Juden in der Romania, über die Geschichte der sephardischen Juden, über die allgemein üblichen Bezeichnungen für sie und ihre Sprache, über Hebraismen in den romanischen Sprachen etc. informieren. Mehrsprachige Indices erschließen das reiche Material. – HJN .]

. 1992 . Grundwortschätze und Auswahlkriterien: Metalexiko-graphische und fremdsprachdidaktische Studien zur Struktur und Funktion deutscher Grundwortschätze . (= Göteborger germanistische Forschungen, 34 .) Göteborg : Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis , 308 pp. [ In this book, it is argued that the opposition frequently postulated between frequential and pragmatic-communicative root-vocabularies can hold water neither in the context of theoretical science nor of applied research, and that the idea of such an opposition could be overcome, in futher research, through compromises of a pragmatic nature. To demonstrate this, six previously proposed ‘root-vocabulary’ lists are gathered together and cross-referenced, in order to obtain the lowest common denominator of lexemes. The book has an introductory section (8–10), a list of primary references (p. 304), a list of secondary references (305–307), and an abstract (p. 308) .]

. 1993 . From Indo-European to Latin: The evolution of a morphosyntactic type . (= Current Issues in Linguistic Theory, 104 .) Amsterdam & Philadelphia : John Benjamins , xv, 259 pp. [ The book is an attempt to describe the typological characteristics of the original Indo-European structure, called the derivative-flectional stage or (sub)type, and traces its development to the paradigmatically organized structure of the individual Indo-Eurpean languages, called the paradigmatic-flectional stage or (sub)type.The book has three main parts, each divided into several sub-sections: I, “The origins and evolution of the Indo-European flectional type: The derivative-flectional type of Indo-European and the paradigmatic-flectional type of Latin”: 1.2, “The nominative-accusative structure of Indo-European”; 1.3, “Main characteristics of the derivative-flectional and paradigmatic-flectional types”. II, “The basic principles and origins of the nominal system and inflections”: 2.1, “Introduction”; 2.2, “Animate and inanimate noun class”; 2.3, “The category of number”; 2.4, “The case system”; 2.5, “Remarks on Latin paradigmatization”; 2.6 “Conclusion”. III, “The Indo-European origins of the Latin verbal system”: 3.1, “Introduction”; 3.2, “The active and inactive verb classes”; 3.3, “Inactive and perfect”; 3.4, “Inactive and middle-passive”; 3.5, “Thematic -e/o-suffix and long vocalic suffixes”; 3.6, “Sigmatic forms of the Latin perfect systems”; 3.7, “Latin imperfect in -ban and future in -bo “; 3.8, “Conclusion”. The book has a summary of the three parts (192–193), followed by endnotes (195214), a bib. (215–231), and a general index (233–259) .]

. 1991 . Variation and Diachrony, with Early American English in Focus: Studies on ‘Can/May’ and ‘Shall/Will’ . (= University of Bamberg Studies in English Linguistics, 28 .) Frankfurt am Main-Bern-New York-Paris : Peter Lang , xv, 420 pp. [ This former University of Helsinki doctoral thesis is a study of diachronic variation addressing two topics, the development of modal auxiliaries can (could), may (might), shall (should) and will (would), and the emergence of early American English as a new variety in the seventennth century. In a socio-historical variation analysis, the author aims at accounting for diachronic change by examining the interplay of various linguistic and extra-linguistic factors in the light of evidence drawn from various corpora. The study concentrates on the language spoken and written in the New England area between 1620 and 1720, but to widen the scope in time and region, counterparts for comparison are found in the material included in the Helsinki Corpus of English Texts. The book is divided into three parts, with part I sketching out the frame of reference for the six individual papers presented in Part II, and Part III contains a comprehensive bibliography. This is shown below: Part I, “Frame of reference”: Section 1, “Introduction to a diachronic study of variation”; Section 2, “Early American English”; Section 3, “A corpus of early-American English”; Section 4, “Variation analysis and the historical study of modals”; section 5, “Concluding remarks”; Part II, “Studies”: A, “Can (could) vs. may (might)“: chap 1, “May and might indicating ‘epistemic possibility’ in early American English”; chap 2, “On the use of modal auxiliaries indicating ‘Possibility’ in early American English”; chapter 3, “can/could vs. may/ might in Old and Middle English: Testing a diachronic corpus”; chapter 4, “Can/could vs. may/might:: regional variation in early Modern English?”; 5, “Final remarks”; B. Shall/ should vs.will/would: Chapter 5, “The use of shall and will from Middle to early Modern English”; 6, “ Shall/should vs. will/would in early British and American English: A variational study of change”; C. Summary of results; Part III, “Bibliography for parts I and II”: “Primary sources” (355–375); “References” (376–417); abstract (419–420) .]

, comp. 1993 . Manual to the Diachronic Part of the Helsinki Corpus of English Texts: Coding conventions and lists of source texts . 2nd ed. Helsinki : Helsinki Univ. Printing House , xii, 274 pp. [ This book is a computerized collection of extracts of continuous text. The corpus contains a diachronic part covering the period from c.750 to c.1700. A brief introduction to the overall structure of the diachronic part precedes the list of source texts and the index of abbreviated titles. This is followed by three appendices .]

, ed. 1993 . History of Linguistic Thought in the Early Middle Ages . (= Studies in the History of the Language Sciences, 71 .) Amsterdam & Philadelphia : John Benjamins , vii, 255 pp. [ The articles in this volume (most of which previously appeared in HL XX: 1) take up a number of questions in the history of linguistics in the early middle ages. They are as follows: “The Historiography of Grammar in the Early Middle Ages” and “Grammar in the Early Middle Ages: A bibliography” by Vivien Law; “History of Linguistics, ‘Standard Latin’, and Pedagogy”; “Beatus quid est and the Study of Grammar in Late Anglo-Saxon England” by Mark Amsler; “The Linguistic Preoccupations of the Glossators of the St Gall Priscian” by Rijcklof Hofman; “Fragments carolingiens de la grammaire de Dynamius (ms. Darmstadt 3303)”, by Colette Jeudy; “Syntax and Dialectic in Carolingian Commentaries on Priscian’s Institutiones grammaticae” by Anneli Luhtala; “Priscian’s Institutio de nomine et pronomine et verbo in the ninth Century” by Marina Passalacqua; “A Proposito delle dottrine grmmaticali di Virgilio Marone” by Giovanni Polara; “Erchandbert and the Interpolator: A Christian Ars minor at Freising (Clm 6414)”, by the ed. The book has a general index (245–252) and an index of manuscripts (253–255) .]

. 1993 . Linguistic Variables: Towards a unified theory of linguistic variation . (= Current Issues in Linguistic Theory, 108 .) Amsterdam & Philadelphia : John Benjamins , v, 261 pp. [ This book offers to compare the different orientations of variation research by providing a conceptual framework which is both general and non-trivial at the same time. It concentrates on essential ideas that stand out clearly rather than be clouded by lots of learned detail. There are five parts to this book that classify a total of twenty-one chapters: Part I, “Orientation” (3–32); Part II, “Setting the Stage” (33–76); Part III, “A Theory of Language Varieties” (77–134); Part IV, “Integrating the Component Approach” (135–186), and Part V, “Extensions” (187–234). The back matter consists of a bibliography, an index of names, an index of subjects and terms, and finally a list of symbols and abbreviations .]

. 1992 . La Teoría Gramatical de Vincente Salvá . (= Historiografía de la Lingüística Española, [unumbered] .) Madrid : Sociedad General Española de Libreria , 210 pp. [ In this book, the author explores the processes of evolution and reform which were undergone, over a period of seventeen years, by Vincente Salvá’s (1786–1849) Gramática de la lengua castellana según ahora se habla, first published in 1830. Indeed, it wasn’t until the eighth edition in 1947 that his grammatical doctrine had been fully defined. Through a comparative study of the eight different versions of Salvá’s Gramática, the author attempts to correlate the changes which are observable in the course of Salvá’s work with the evolution which they reflect in his wider theory of grammar. Following an introduction (9–14), there are eleven main chapters: 1, “Resúmen biográfico de Vincente Salvá” (15–22); 2, “Principios teóricos y metodológicos de la “Gramática castellana” de Salvá” (23–28); 3, “Difusión del modelo gramatical propuesto por Salvá” (29–34); 4, “La división de la gramática y las partes de la oración” (35–38); 5, “El nombre” (39–70); 6, “El adjetivo y el pronombre. Demonstrativos, po-sesivos, indefinidos y relativos” (71–86); 7, “El artíєulo” (87–100); 8, “El verbo” (101–128); 9, “Los modos verbales” (129–148); 10, “Los tiempos verbales” (149–170), and 11, “Las partículas” (171–190). There is a bib. (191–206) and an index cited authors (207–210) .]

. 1993 . French: From dialect to standard . London & New York : Routledge , ix, 285 pp. [ This book uses current analytical frameworks from the field of sociolinguistics to examine the external (i.e. sociolinguistic) history of the French language. More specifically, the author is interested in reinterpreting the social forces driving (and the ones hindering) the ongoing standardization process of Continental French since its Latin beginnings. The book contains the following chapters: 1, “Variation, Change and Standards”; 2, “The Latinisation of Gaul”; 3, “The Dialectalisation of Gallo-Romance”; 4, “Selection of Norms”; 5, “Elaboration of Function”; 6, “Codification”; 7, “Acceptance”; 8, “Maintenance of the Standard”. The front matter consists of a list of figures (p.vii), a list of maps (p.viii), Acknowledgements (p.ix), and Phonetic Symbols (p.x). The back matter has a bib. (261–278) and a subject index (279–285) .]

, eds. 1992 . New Departures in Contrastive Linguistics / Neue Ansätze in der Kontrastiven Linguistik . (= Innsbrucker Beriträge zur Kulturwissenschaft; Anglistische Reihe, 5 .) Innsbruck [Druck : Akaprint Budapest ], Vol. I1 , 350 pp. ; Vol. II1 , 311 pp. [ The volumes are the Proceedings of the Conference held at the Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck, Austria, 10–12 May 1991. The articles are divided into six main topics as: 1, “Phonetics / Phonology”; 2, “Morphology / Syntax”; 3, “Word formation / Lexicology / Semantics”; 4, “Pragmatics / Sociolinguistics”; 5, “Translation”; 6, “Language learning and language acquisition research”. Some selected articles are given below: Hans Grassegger, “On perception and production of English vowels by Australian learners”, (3–10); Hans Ulrich Boas, “Contrasting construction types or fixed parameters?”, (83–104); Christian Mair, “‘Raising’ in English and German: Formal explanation, functional explanation or no explanation at all?”, (167–176); Peter Durco, “Ein Matrixmodell für ein- und zweisprachige phraseologische Wörterbücher”, (261–269); Vol.2: Alwin Fill, “Joking in English and German: A contrastive study”, (21–31); Henry Niedzielski, “Cultural and linguistic contrasts in translating and interpreting”, (117–129); Ingo Plag, ‘“There was a man picking pears’: Participial ing-clauses in native language, interlanguage, and target language” (223–235) .]

, ed. 1993 . Historical Linguistics 1991: Papers from the 10th International Conference on Historical Linguistics, Amsterdam, 12–16 August 1991 . (= Current Issues in Linguistic Theory, 107 .) Amsterdam & Philadelphia : John Benjamins , xvii, 395 pp. [ This book constitutes a selection of 22 out of the over 90 papers which were presented at this biennial meetingof ICHL. They include: “Linguistics and its positivist handicap” by Bernard H. Bichakjian; “The explanation of syntactic change: A historical perspective” by Lyle Campbell; “Old French and constraints on consonant epenthesis” by Denis Dumas; “Greenberg’s American Indian classification: A report on a controversy” by Paul Newman; “Gerunds and their objects in the Modern English period” by Wim van der Wurff. The front matter consists of a preface by the editor and then ICHL president (vii–viii), and reproduces the general programme of the conference (ix–xvii). The back matter, provided by Boudewijn Smid, consists of an index of names (377–383), an index of languages (385–388), and an index of subject matter (389–395) .]

. 1992 . Anglistenregister 1825–1990: Verzeichnis von fast 5500 Anglisten, alphabetisch und nach Universitäten geordnet . (= Augsburger I- & I-Schriften, 65 .) Augsburg : Univ. Augsburg [ for ordering, send your request to the author at the Institut für englische Sprachwissenschaften, University of Augsburg, D-8900 Augsburg, Germany ], 234 pp. [ This volume is an index of all the English scholars having worked in Germany within the given time period. They are listed first in order of their university affiliation (17–116), then once more in alphabetical order (117–234). The authors have included a short preface (p. 3), a table of contents (p. 5), and an introduction (7–9), a guide to the structure of the listings, a list of bibliographical sources (10–12), and a list of abbreviations (10–16) .]

1993 . Everything that Linguists Have Always Wanted to Know about Logic, but Were Ashamed to Ask . 2nd ed. Chicago & London : Univ. of Chicago Press , xxi, 633 pp. [ This is an updated and extensively revised version of the first edition of 1982. The book is an introduction to areas of logic relevant to the analysis of natural language. It covers a broad range of topics such as: propositional logic, prdicate logic, and modal logic, presupositional logic, many-valued and fuzzy logic, various applications of possible-world semantics, tense logic, the logic of plural and mass nouns, branching quantities, relevant entailment logic, and Montague grammar. Extensive exercises are provided, including exercises in translating between the sometimes innovative notational system of the book and more conventional notational systems. The chapters of the book are: 1, “The Subject Matter of Logic”; 2, “Predicate Logic I: Syntax”; 3, “Propositional Logic I: Syntax”; 4, “Propositional Logic II: Semantics”; 5, “A Digression into Set Theory”; 6, “Predicate Logic II: Semantics”; 7, “Further Topics in Predicate Logic”; 8, “Sorts, Types, and Kinds”; 9, “Speech Acts and Implicature”; 10, “Presupposition”; 11, “Modal Logic”; 12, “Applications of Possible Worlds”; 13, Many-Valued and Fuzzy Logic”; 14, “Intensional Logic and Montague Grammar”; 15, “Conditional Propositions”. There are notes (559–604)); a bib. (605–618), a list of symbols (619–623), and a general index (625–633) .]

1993 . Categorial Grammars . (= Linguistic Theory Guides [ unnumbered ]. London & New York : Routledge , x, 180 pp. [ This is an introduction to categorial grammars. The book discusses the historical evolution and the formal basis of categorial grammars starting with a quasi-canonical core and considering a number of possible extensions. It explores the treatment of categorial grammars with respect to passives, raising, discontinuous dependencies and non-constituent co-ordination, as well as such general issues as word order, logic, psychological plausibility and parsing. The book has seven chapters: 1, “Introduction”; 2, “A brief history”; 3, “Classical categorial grammar: the lambek calculus”; 4, “Generalized categorial grammars”; 5, “Current practice”; 6, “Current issues”; chap 7, “Overview and prospect”. The back matter consists of a reference (151–164), a name index (165–167), a categories index (167–170), and a subject index (170–180) .]

. 1993 . Early Textbooks of English . (= Textbook Studies series, [unnumbered] .) Reading : Colloquium on Textbooks, Schools and Society , vi, 66 pp. [ This book is designed as an introduction to the history of textbooks of English.The book is divided into three sections: “Textbooks and texts” (1–3); “Historical development” (4–12); and “Catalogue of sample textbooks” (13–64). The last section gives lists of sample textsbooks on “Reading, spelling and pronunciation”; “Reading and literature”; “Expressions and performance”; “Grammar and language”; “Alphabetical list of sample books”, “Chronological list of sample textbooks”; and “Modern works”. The book has a general index (65–66) .]

. 1993 . Storia dei dizionari bilingui italo-francesi: La lessicografia italofrancese dalle origini al 1900 con un Repertorio bibliografico cronologico di tutte le opere lessicografiche ilaliano-franeese e francese-italiano pubblicate . (= Biblioteca delta ricerca. Traduttologia; 4 .) Fasano : Schena Editore , 174 pp. [ Diese nützliche, chronologisch angeordnete Bibliographie “aller” zweisprachigen (italienisch-französischen und französisch-italienischen Glossare und Lexika) enthält, außer einer kurzen “Premessa” zunächst kurze, nach Jahrhunderten gegliederte Skizzen der Geschichte der italo-französischen Lexikographie (“Cinquecento”, pp. 13–25; “Seicento”, 27–44; “Settecento”, 45–64; “Ottocento”, 6596), dann eine Auflistung der “Riferimenti bibliografici” (97–101 [erstaunlicherweise fehlt: Nicole Bingen, Le maître italien. Bibliographie des ouvrages d’enseignement de la langue italienne destinés au public de langue française, suivi d’un Répertoire des ouvrages bilingues imprimés dans les pays de langue française. Bruxelles: Emile van Balgerhe, 1987) und schließlich den eigentlichen “Repertorio cronologico dei dizionari italo-francesi” (103–158), welches auch die Bibliotheken verzeichnet, in denen das jeweils beschriebene Werk zu finden ist (leider jedoch ohne Signaturen). Eine Liste der konsultierten Bibliotheken (159–164) und ein “Indice dei nomi” (pp. 165–170) beschießen das Werk, welches sich jedem Historiographen der italienisch-französischen Lexikographie empfiehlt. – HJN .]

, ed. 1993 . Africanisms in Afro-American Language Varieties . Athens & London : University of Georgia Press , vii, 512 pp. [ The book is a collection of papers by major scholars of Creole and Afro-American linguistics which is drawn from research first presented at an International Round Table on Africanisms in Afro-American Language Varieties. It acknowledges the contribution of the African substrate languages to the structures of creoles and semi-creoles in various parts of the world. It challenges two prevailing hypotheses. The language biogram hypothesis, which argues that Universal Grammar is the dominant influence on the structures of these languages, and the superstratist hypothesis, which maintains that the European lexifying languages are the dominant influences. The papers focus on the majority of creole languages and Black English variants found in North and South America. The collection also includes a number of lesser-known languages and contact situations in the Carribean and South America, including the Berbice and Dutch community of Guyana and the French-based creoles of the lesser Antilles. The book contains an introduction by the editor (1–31), four parts, and a total of 28 papers. Some selected titles are given below: Part I, “Conceptual background”: “On the notion of ‘Africanism’ in Afro-American”, by Lawrence D. Carrington; Part II, “African influence and Creole genesis”: “Assessing the African contribution to French-based Creoles”, by Philip Baker; Part III, “Defending and identifying African substrate influence”: phonological features common to some West African and Atlantic Creole langauges”, by John Holm; “The Africanness of counterlanguage among Afro-Americans”, by Marcyliena Morgan; Part IV, “Some historiographical notes”: “Historical development of the Creole origin hypothesis of Black English: The pivotal role of Melville J. Herskovits”, by Glenn G. Gilbert. The book also has a small section on its contributors (485–490), an index of authors (491498), a language index (499–504), and a subject index (505–512) .]

. 1982 . Typological Discourse Analysis: Quantitative approaches to the study of linguistic function . Oxford & Cambridge, Mass. : Blackwell , 295 pp. [ This book is an attempt to establish a universally valid framework for the objective description of linguistic function. It provides both methodological tools for objective description and a wealth of ideas about functional parameters which have been found to be significant in the languages of the world. It also provides data from a wide variety of languages, hence allowing for a more direct cross-linguistic comparison of function. It also describes in basic terms some quantitative methods of linguistic analysis, and includes discussion of word order and voice alternations, grammaticalization, clause-chaining and noun incorporation. It has seven chapters as follows: 1, “Introduction”; 2, “Analyzing NP types”; 3, “Tense and aspect”; 4, “Voice alternations”; 5, “Word order variation”; 6, “Other topics of quantitative research”; 7, “Conclusion”. The back matter consists of notes (262–281), a bib. (282–288), and a general index (289–295) .]

. 1993 . Natursprachenmodelle des 17. Jahrhunderts . (= Studium Sprachwissenschaft, 21 .) Münster : Nodus Publikationen , 252 pp. [ In this volume, the author analyses various models for the conception of language as they can be discerned in selected 17th-century texts. Of particular interest is an exploration of the ‘language of nature’ concept during this time-period which reveals a complex web of views on the status and functions of language. There are six main sections to this book: Part 1 investigates the concept in 16th-century theories; Part 2 deals with 17th-century theories on natural language and their reception in England; Part 3 describes some of the first efforts to reconstitute an Ursprache (proto-language); Part 4 explores the concepts of ‘natural language’ and ‘universal language’ in the 17th century; Part 5 compares the opposing hermetic versus rationalistic paradigms for the conception of language; Part 6 examines the concept of natural language in considering sign language and the pedagogy of the deaf. There is a table of contents (56), a preface (7–8) and an introduction (9–17), as well as a timetable (217–218), a list of primary references (219–223), a list of secondary references (224–243), and an index of names (245–252) .]

, eds. 1993 . Five Hundred Years of Foreign Language Teaching in the Netherlands 1450–1950 . Amsterdam : Stichting Neerlandistiek VU , xxv, 136 pp. [ This ‘cahier’ is a glance at the history of foreign language teaching in Netherlands. The front matter contains an introductory article by the editors: “How to teach a foreign language? A few remarks on an unending quest” (xi–xxv), and a preface (ix–x). th J. M. van der Wal, “Teaching Latin and observing the Dutch vernacular: Exercitium puerorum (1485)” (1–13); Frans Wilhelm, “Training foreign language teachers in the Netherlands (1795–1970): An historical outline” (67–87); Frank Vonk, “Between school and university: the study of German in Utrecht”, 1876–1921” (105–129). The back matter consists of an index of nominum (131–134), and an index of rerum (135–136) .]

. 1993 . Swahili and Sabaki: A linguistic history . (= University of California Publications in Linguistics, 121 .) Berkeley & Los Angeles : Univ. of California Press , xxxii, 780 pp. [ The book is edited by the 2nd author. As the authors claim the original intent in writing this book was to write a linguistic history of Swahili and Sabaki. Due to the lack of historical facts and data which date back only to the late 1890s, the book is not restricted to a history of Swahili, rather it attempts to locate Swahili within Bantu in general, and within East African Bantu languages in particular which implies genetic grouping into proto languages and proto communities. The authors set themselves three goals. The first is to provide a linguistic history of Swahili and other Sabaki languages. The second is to provide an account of the relationship of Swahili to Sabaki and to other Bantu languages, and to outline details of the various proto languages. The third goal is to provide some data for the contemporary Sabaki languages. The book has five chapters and six appendices as follows: 1, “Introduction”; 2, “A comparative historical phonology of Sabaki”; Appendum to 2: “Tone (and stress) in Sabaki” by Gérard Philippson (248–265); 3, “Lexis”; chap 4, “Morphology: Sabaki nominal and verbal systems”; 5, “Synthesis”; Appendix 1, “Phonemic systems” (567–576); Appendix 2, “Proto-Sabaki lexis” (577–655); Appendix 3, “Doubtful PSA lexical reconstruction” (656–672); Appendix 4, “100-word list for Sabaki languages (673–691); Appendix 5, “Outline of selected Sabaki verb systems” (692–723); Appendix 6, “Archaeological correlates for the East African Coast” (724–725).The front matter contains a list of illustrations (xix–xxi), a preface (xxiii–xxiv), an acknowledgements (xxv–xxvi), a list of abbreviations (xxvii–xxix), and orthographic symbols (xxxi–xxxii). Bib. (727–753); general index (755–780) .]

. 1993 . Deutsch in Großbritannien: Die Entwicklung von Deutsch als Fremdsprache von den Anfängen bis 1985 . (= Deutsche Sprache in Europa und Übersee: Berichte und Forschungen, 15 .) Stuttgart : Franz Steiner Verlag , 252 pp. [ This volume examines the development of German as a foreign language in Great Britain from the mid-19th century to the present day. As a representative case study within the timeframe given, the author focuses specifically on the evolving status of the German language in England and Wales, as compared to Scotland; Nothern Ireland is not included in the study. One predominant factor which seems to have influenced the status of German throughout the study clearly emerges: economic profitability. The book is divided into 7 main sections: the first serves as an introduction (1–11), each of the following five sections chronologically analyses a significant time-period within the chosen framework (12–230), and the last section contains a conclusion (p. 231), a glossary (232–236), a list of abbreviations (p. 237), and a bibliography (238–252) .]

. 1994 . Geschichtszahlen der Phonetik; Quellenat-las der Phonetik . (= Studies in the History of the Language Sciences, 16 .) Amsterdam & Philadelphia : John Benjamins , xxxviii , 86 pp. ; 88 pp. [ The present volume is a reprint of Giulio Panconcelli-Calzia’s (1878–1966) two monographic accounts – one chronological, the other providing the ‘raw material’ – of the development of phonetics from its origins until the beginning of the 20th century. The front matter contains, next to a foreword & acknowledgements (v–vi), a detailed introduction by Konrad Koemer titled “Towards a history of phonetics” (ix–xxii), which offers a critical survey of the previous scholarship in the history of phonetics, and a “Histor(iograph)y of phonetics: A comprehensive bibliography” (xxiii–xxxviii). The monographs were first published in 1940 and 1941 (Hamburg: Hansischer Gildenverlag); both carry individual indexes .]

. 1993 . Oral Speech: Controversies and perspectives . Lódz , 48 pp. [ There are two essays in the book. As the author claims, he tries to convince speech researchers that their effort to identify the postulated ‘sound chains’ i.e, ‘allophones’, ‘speech sounds’, ‘distinctive features’, etc., are due to the inadequacy of the linguistic theory they start from. In the first essay, he tries to show the inner inconsistency and practical inapplicability to speech analysis of the popular theory of phoneme. The second essay is a tentative exposition of a non-phonological theory of speech which suggests certain new analytic approaches to the itrinsically non-discrete behaviour of Man. The first article is “Speech segmentation and its paradoxes” (9–20); and the second “A semiotic analysis of speech signal” (21–42). Bib. (44–48) .]

. 1993 . Materiales para el Estudio de la Gramática . I1 : La representación gráfica . (= Biblioteca Española de Lingüística y Filología, [unnumbered] .) Madrid : Istmo , 144 pp. [ This is the first volume of a projected series on ‘materials for the study of grammar’. It deals with a recent trend to use ‘graphic representations’ (i.e., visual codes) as classroom-aids for language teaching and, at the university level, even for teaching linguistics. Following a short preface (9–10), the book is divided into six main sections: I, “Introducción” (11–20); II, “Causuística” (21–28); III, “Proyección pedagógica” (29–46); IV, “La práctica científica (pensamiento antológico de autores varios)” (47–72); V, “La figura gráfica de Lucien Tesnière” (73–88), and VI, “Final” (89–116). There is an appendix (117–130), an index of subjects (133–139), and an index of names (140–144) .]

. 1993 . Signs, Dialogue and Ideology . (= Critical Theory, 11 .) Amsterdam & Philadelphia : John Benjamins , xvii, 185 pp. [ The purpose of this book is to search for a method that will enable one to construct an appropriate language to talk about signs and ideology. The unitary narrative route of this book is personal, though at the same time it is marked by the contributions and orientations of other authors through a relation of affinity or of constructive discussion which connects their research to the author’s. The topic of this book is dealt with at two levels with the three terms indicated in the title coming into play at both. On one level the terms in question play the part of the object of discourse, on the other that of the metalanguage. Such a distinction has direct consequences in relation to the type of sign involved on each of these two levels. In fact, both verbal and non-verbal signs come into play on the object level while only verbal signs are possible on the metalevel. The book is organised into 5 chapters. The front matter of the book consists of a foreword by the author while the back matter includes a list of references, an index of names and a subject index .]

, ed. 1993 . American Dialect Research . Amsterdam & Philadelphia : John Benjamins , xv, 460 pp. [ This book was published on the occasion of the American Dialect Society’s centennial anniversary (1889–1989). It is a collection of papers on current topics in the study language variation and distribution. Various sociolinguistic research methodologies are discussed in terms of their tradition, their present usage, their pitfalls, and their potential. Contributions are divided into four main sections: I, Area Studies; II, Community Studies; III, Group Studies; IV, Special Topics. Authors include: Dennis Girard & Donald Larmouth, “Some applications of mathematical and statistical models in dialect geography” (107–132); Walt Wolfram, “Identifying and interpreting variables” (193–222); Gregory R. Guy, “The quantitative analysis of linguistic variation” (223–249); Shana Poplack, “Variation theory and language contact: Concepts, methods and data” (251–286), and Charles Briggs, “The patterning of variation in performance” (379–431). The front matter consists of acknowledgements (v–vii), a table of contents (ix–x), a list of figures & tables (xi–xv), and a preface (1–11). There is also an appendix by Michael D. Linn, “Resources for Research” (433–450), and a general index (450–460) .]

, eds. 1992 . On Germanic Linguistics: Issues and methods . (= Trends in Linguistics; Studies and Monographs, 68 .) Berlin & New York : Mouton de Gruyter , viii, 416 pp. [ This issue has 21 articles on Germanic linguistics. Some selected articles are as below: Mervin R. Barnes, “Martin Luther, the Beatles, and the German language”; Diana Chirita, “An explanation for ablaut-leveling in Early New High German strong verbs”; Richard d’Alquen-Kevin Brown, “The origin of Scandinavian accents I and II”; Paul Greiner, “Tempted by original syntax: Luther, Wulfila, and the Greek New Testament”; Mark L. Louden, “German as an object-verb language: A unification of generative and typological approaches”; Imengard Rauch, “Old Saxon barred vowel”; Christopher M. Stevens, “Grammaticalization in spatial deixis: A case study”; John R. te Velde, “Problems with movement theories of verb-second in German: A view from a theory of coordinate ellipsis”. The back matter an author index (395–400) and a subject index (401–416) .]

, ed. 1993 . Sophisms in Medieval Logic and Grammar . (= Nijhoff International Philosophy Series, 48 .) Dordrecht-Boston-London : Kluwer Academic Publishers , xvii, 421 pp. [ This book presents the very latest research on the medieval use of sophisms in logical and grammatical investigation by twenty-three of the leading experts in Europe and beyond. Important insights into the genre of sophismatic treatises have been gained only very recently and the organisation of the European Symposium on this topic in 1990 led to a concentration of research and evaluation of insights. The papers are divided into three parts: 1, “Sophisms as a Genre”; 2, “Grammatical Sophisms”; 3, “Logical Sophisms”. The first deals with textual study and analysis of the role of sophisms in the medieval curriculum; the second deals with grammatical sophisms and the third covers particular logical sophisms, from ‘Man is the worthiest of creatures’ to the Liar paradox and the work of William of Ockham. The front matter contains the preface and an introduction by the editor, while the back matter contains an index of manuscripts and an index of names .]

. 1990 . Bibelkommentare spanischer Autoren (1500–1700) . Vol. I1 : Autoren A-LL . (= Medievalia et Humanistica, 5 .) Madrid : Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Centro de Estudios Históricos , xx, 283 pp. [ Die Bibliographie enthält u.a. Kurzbiographien der angeführten Autoren, von denen einige auch Grammatiken und Wörterbüchern verfaßt haben und daher von Interesse für Leser von HL sind. – HJN .]

, eds. 1993 . Knowledge and Language , Vol. 11 : From Orwell’s Problem to Plato’s Problem . Dordrecht, Boston & London : Kluwer Academic Publishers , vii, 272 pp. [ This volume is one of the three which emerged from the Conference on Knowledge and Language (1989), held at the University of Groningen. The aim of this conference was to investigate the role of conceptual structure in cognitive processes, exploring it from the perspectives of philosophy of language, linguistics, political philosophy and the philosophy of science. The themes of this volume reflects one of the themes of the conference. This volume discusses various issues concerning the acquisition of linguistic and non-linguistic knowledge.The first volume consists of 11 papers the first being an introductory one by the editors. Some of the articles are listed below: “Reflections on knowledge and language” by Eric Reuland (11–28); “Mental constructions and social reality” by Noam Chomsky (29–58); “The ‘least effort’ principle in child grammar: Choosing a marked parameter” by Thomas Roeper (71–105); “The subset principle is an intensional principle” by Kenneth Wexler (217–240). The back matter consists of notes on contributors, and an index of names and subjects .]

, eds. 1993 . Knowledge and Language , Vol. 21 : Lexical and Conceptual Structure . Dordrecht, Boston & London : Kluwer Academic Publishers , vii, 238 pp. [ This is the second volume of three which emerged from the Conference on Knowledge and Language held at the University of Groningen (1989). The theme of this volume reflects one the themes of the conference, whose role was to investigate the role of conceptual structure in cognitive processes. This volume addresses the nature of the interface between conceptual and linguistic structure, i.e., the question of how properties of concepts are syntactically reflected. Some of the papers in this volume are listed below: “Semantic structures and semantic properties” by Barbara Partee (7–30); “Input systems, anaphora, ellipsis and operator binding” by Ruth Kempson (51–78); “Obligatory adjuncts and the structure of events” by Jane Grimshaw & Sten Vikner (143–156). The back matter consists of notes on contributors, and an index of names and subjects .]

. 1993 . Crestomatía Iberorrománica: Textos paralelos de los siglos XIII–XVI . (= Suomalaisen Tiedeakatemian Toimituksia / Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae, B-268 .) Helsinki : Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia , 269 pp. [ This book examines ancient translations from various Iberic-Romance languages by means of an historical-comparative approach. Various translation strategies, as applied to a common text, are first analyzed individually in terms of their syntactic constructions, and then compared. Thus, the authors show how, in different Iberic languages, parallel translations were tackled in sometimes considerably different ways. Following a short preface (p. 7) and an introduction (9–15), the book is divided into three main sections: I, parallel texts in Gallic-Portuguese and Spanish (17–145); II, parallel texts in Spanish and Catalan (147–232), and III, parallel texts in Gallic-Potuguese and Catalan (233–258). There is a bib. (259–267) .]

, eds. 1992 . History of Englishes: New methods and interpretations in historical linguistics . (= Topics in English Linguistics, 10 .) Berlin & New York : Mouton de Gruyter , xi, 799 pp. [ The present volume gathers together forty-eight of the papers which were presented at the Sixth International Conference on English Historical Linguistics, held in Helsinki in May of 1990. There are six main sections: I, “Theory and methodology” (1–100), includes William Labov’s “Evidence for regular sound change in English dialect geography” (42–71). II, “Phonology and orthography” (101–222), contains papers by John Anderson, “Exceptionality and non-specification in the history of English phonology” (103–116); and Angelika Lutz, “Lexical and morphological consequences of phonotactic change in the history of English” (156–166). III, “Morphology and syntax” (223–462), features among others Hans Ulrich Boas, “On explaining the historical development of English genetives” (225–240); Ans van Kemenade, “Structural factors in the history of English modals” (287309); and Herbert Schendl, “A valency description of Old English possessive verbs” (418436). IV, “Lexis and semantics” (463–516), includes Chritiane Dalton-Puffer, “The status of word formation in Middle English: approaching the question” (465–482). V, “Varieties and dialects” (517–668), has Jeremy J. Smith, “A linguistic atlas of Early Middle English: Tradition and typology” (582–591), and Suzanne Romaine, “Varability in Tok Pisin phonology: Did you say ‘pig’ or ‘fig’?” (647–668). VI, “Text types and individual texts” (669770), includes Douglas Biber & Edward Finegan, “The linguistic evolution of five written and speech-based English genres from the 17th to the 20th centuries” (688–704). The back matter has abbreviations of titles of textual sources (771–780), a name index (781–790), and a subject index (791–799) .]

. 1993 . The Byzantine Grammarians: Their place in history . (= Trends in Linguistics; Studies and Monographs, 70 .) Berlin & New York : Mouton de Gruyter , ix, 278 . [ This book has assembled and presented generous extracts of grammatical writings through successive periods of the Byzantine Age, and introduces the major grammarians of this period together with extracts of their works in the original transcripts, with translations, further amended with commentaries by the author. The book has 12 chapsters: 1, “Outline of Byzantine history: The political context”; 2, “The Byzantine œuvre: The literary context”; 3, “Byzantine grammar: The linguistic context”; 4, “The Téchné grammatiké: The foundation”; 5, “Priscian: The Latin grammarian of Constantinople”; 6, “The Kanónes and Their Commentaries: The morphological data-base”; 7, “Epimerismoí and schedographía : Teaching methods”; 8, “Michael Syncellus: A typical Byzantine syntax book”; 9, “Gregory of Corinth: The avoidance of errors”; 10, “John Glykys: The maintenance of standards”; 11, “Maximum Planudes: A Byzantine theoretician”; 12, “The Byzantine contribution to the study of Greek grammar in the Renaissance”. The back matter consists of a bib. of primary (263–266) and secondary sources (267–273) and a general index (275–278) .]

, ed. 1993 . Lingua Teutonica Exexlex . (= Laconis Flandri Presbyteri, [unnumbered] .). Amsterdam : Stichting Neerlandistiek VU , 19 pp. + 44 pp. [ The Lingua Teutonica Exexlex (Hulst 1666) is a small book of grammar from the 17th-century southern Netherlands. It was written toward the end of the Trivium tradition, and is known to this day as being the only grammar of that time written in Latin. It is reproduced here in faksimile (1–44), and is preceded by a preface (p. 1), an introduction (2–13), notes (14–15), and a bib. (16–17) .]

. 1993 . Les Dialectes Gan: Études sur la phonologie et le lexique d’un groupe de dialectes chinois . Paris : Éditions Langages Croisés , 281 pp. [ This book is a revised version of the author’s doctoral dissertation and is divided into six main chapters: 1, defines the physical and historical context for the study; 2, reviews previous studies on the Gan dialects; 3, takes a synchronic look at the Nanchang dialect; 4, covers the Nanchang dialect historically; 5, examines the Wuning and Shanggao dialects, and 6, focuses on some specific phonetic changes. There is a preface (1–3), a bib. (261–272), and a list of tables and illustrations (279–281) .]

, ed. 1991 . Sprachtheorien der abendländischen Antike . (= Geschichte der Sprachtheorie, 2 .) Tübingen : Gunter Narr Verlag , xii, 430 pp. [ This particular volume, the second in a series of nine, concerns itself with language theories of Western antiquity. The volume has four main parts. Part I deals with the language of mythology (’Mythische’ Deutungen der Sprache). Contributors are: Wolfgang Schenk, “Altisraelitische Sprachauffassungen in der Hebräischen Bibel” (3–25); and Wolf-Lüder Liebermann, “Sprachauffassungen im frühgriechischen Epos und in der griechischen Mythologie” (26–53). Part II examines some philosophical and logical approaches to language. Included are articles by: Peter Schmitter, “Vom ‘Mythos’ zum ‘Logos’: Erkenntniskritik und Sprachreflexion bei den Vorsokratikern” (57–86); Donatella Di Cesare, “Die Geschmeidigkeit der Sprache: Zur Sprachauffassung und Sprachbetrachtung der Sophistik” (87–118); Alain-Marc Rieu, “Le moment sophistique: Protagoras et Gorgias” (119–139); Tilman Borsche, “Platon” (140169); Hermann Weidemann, “Grundzüge der Aristotelischen Sprachtheorie” (170–192); Marc Baratin, “Aperçu de la linguistique stoïcienne” (193–216); Malte Hossenfelder, “Epikureer” (217–237); R. Loredana Cardullo, “Skeptiker und Neuplatoniker” (238–272). Part III focuses on language description and language teaching (“Sprachbeschreibung und Sprachunterricht”) and features: Wolfram Ax, “Sprache als Gegenstand der alexandrinischen und pergamenischen Philologie” (275–301); Alan Kemp, “The Emergence of Autonomous Greek” (302–333); Daniel J. Taylor, “Roman Language Science” (334–352); Clemens-Peter Herbermann, “Antike Etymologie” (353–377); and Even Hovdhaugen, “The Teaching of Grammar in Antiquity” (377–391). Part IV on the use of language (Sprachverwendung) consists of a single article by Françoise Desbordes, “Agir par la parole: La rhétorique” (395–426). The volume closes with an index of names (427–430) .]

. 1993 . Höderlins Echo: Psychiatrie, Sprachkritik und die Gangarten der Subjektivität . Münster : Nodus Publikationen , 177 pp. [ This book examines to what extent the inter-disciplinary study of Friedrich Hölderlin’s (1770–1843) linguistic particularities of schizophrenic patients influenced subsequent developments in the field of psychiatry and “Sprachkritik”. There are two main parts, together encompassing five, more or less self-contained chapters. A. Hölderlin: 1. “Gerade richtig und recht: Sprachnorm, Lebensnorm und die Vorgeschichte der Psychiatrie” (23–34); 2. “Das Irrhaus wählt ihr euch zum Tribunale” (35–55); “Exkurs: Das Gehirn lernt Sprechen und die Hirnforscher bekommen Schwierigkeiten mit dem Zuhören” (57–68). B. Das Echo: 3. ‘“König der Spaziergänger’, ‘grosser Gerneklein’: Walser” (71–93); 4. “Springinsfeld, grandios früh vollendet: Waiblingen (95–107); 5. “Weltenbummler, Ruhmbuchhalter: Lange” (109–136); “Schluss: Die Last der Ambition und die Fähigkeit zu scheitern” (137–150). The front matter includes a foreword (9–10), and an introduction (11–20). The back matter has a list of references (151163), a chronological table (165–169), and an index of names (170–177) .]

. 1989 . Biographisches und bibliographisches Lexikon der Fremdsprachenlehrer des deutschsprachigen Raumes. Spätmittelalter bis 1800. Band 2: Buchstaben D bis H – Erste Nachträge zum Quellenver-zeichnis . (= Augsburger I- & I-Schriften, 51 .) Augsburg : Universität Augsburg [ for ordering, send your request to the author at the Institut für englische Sprachwissenschaften, University of Augsburg, D-8900 Augsburg, Germany ], xvii, 344 pp. [ This is the second of a five-volume project (the first appeared in 1987). Covering a timespan from the late middle ages to 1800, it lists foreign language teachers (in German-speaking regions) from “Dackermann” to “Huxhagen”, each with a short biographical entry (1–249). It also contains a series of addenda (250–344) to the index of sources of volume 1. The front matter has a table of contents, the bulk of which is a compressed index of names (v–xi), and a preface (xiii–xvii) .]

. 1992 . Biographisches und bibliographisches Lexikon der Fremdsprachenlehrer des deutschsprachigen Raumes. Spätmittelalter bis 1800. Band 3: Buchstaben I bis Q . (= Augsburger I- & I-Schriften, 63 .) Augsburg : Universität Augsburg [ for ordering, see previous entry ], xiii, 342 pp. [ The third of five volumes – the last two are still in preparation – this book includes biographical entries of foreign language teachers in German-speaking areas from “Hermann Ludolph Ibbeken” to “Zacharias Quetz” .]

, ed. 1993 . Ex Libris a Guileimo L. B. de Humboldt legatis (Das Legat Wilhelm von Humboldts an die Königliche Bibliothek in Berlin) , Paderborn, München, Wien & Zürich : Ferdinand Schöningh , 80 pp. [ This is an annotated bibliography of titles in Humboldt’s private collection which were left to the Royal Library in Berlin after his death. They are divided into three (multi-)thematic groups: general and comparative linguistics including various languages (families) (13–61); history, geography, ethnology, and ethnography (62–69); other disciplines. There is a table of contents (p. 5), a foreword by Kurt Mueller-Vollmer (7–8), a preface by the editor (9–12), an index of names (74–77), and an index of languages and dialects (78–80) .]

. 1993 . Research Design and Evaluation in Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology: Asking and answering questions . Third edition . Englewood Cliffs, N.J. : Prentice Hall , vii, 390 pp. [ Two new chapters have have been added to the third edition, chaps 4 and 14. New materials have been added to chapter 8, and greater emphasis placed on chapters 9 and 10 on the use of computers for data analysis. The book is divided into three parts, further subdivided into 15 chaps, and 4 appendices. Part I, “Introduction”: 1, “Need for research in speech-language pathology and audiology”; 2, “Research and the clinician”; 3, “Research as a process of asking and answering questions”; 4, “Searching the literature”; Part II, “Asking and answering questions”: 5, “Asking questions that are both relevant and answerable”; 6, “Single subject and group designs”; chap 7, “Types of data”; 8, “Approaches to general data”; 9, “Organizing data for answering questions: Descriptive teqniques”; 10, “Organizing data for answering questions: Inferential techniques”; 11, “Evaluating research”; 12, “Commicating research”; Part III, “Clinical research issues”: 13, “Assessing the effects of intervention strategies”; 14, “Legal and ethical considerations in clinical research”; 17, “Conducting and funding research in a clinical setting”; appendix A, “Computational formulas, worked examples, exercises, and minitab commands for selected descriptive and inferential statistics”; Appendix B, “3,500 computer-generated random digits”; Appendix C, “Methodological considerations for qualifying attributes of speech, language, and hearing using psychological scaling methods”; Appendix D, “Representative regulations governing the use of human subjects”. The book has a glossary (362–366); a bib. (367–380); an author index (381–384); and a subject index(385–390) .]

. 1993 . Problemi na značenieto v subèktivnata semantika . [ Problems of meaning in subjective semantics ]. Sofia : St. Kliment Ohridski University Press , 267 pp. [ As the English summary indicates, the monograph’s purpose is to reveal the mutual complementarity of meaning and the cognizant subject at the level of modelling representation and psycholinguistic experiment”. The work was essentially completed by about 1988; the English summary (259–265) dates from 1991. Index of terms (250–252); bib. (253–258) .]

. 1993 . Introduction to Psycholinguistics . London & New York : Longman , xiii, 266 pp. [ The book is divided into three parts. Part I (pp. 3–92), “First Language” contains four chapters, such as “How children learn language” and “Wild children and language”. Part II (93–200), “Language and Mind” contains five chapters, including “Language: from intelligence or innate ideas?” and “Language and the brain”. Part III (201259) “Second Language” contains three chapters, such as “Children vs adults in second-language acquisition”. Author index (260–262) and a subject index (263–266) .]

Studia Anglica Posnaniensia . Volumes 25–271 , 1991–93 . Poznań : Universytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu , 285 pp. [ These volumes of the journal contain 14 articles in linguistics, 4 in literature, and a review section. The title of some selected articles is given below: Roger Lass, “Old English fricative voicing unvisited”; Ans Van Kemenade, “Verbal position in Old English: Evidential problems”; Willem F. Koopman, “The order of dative and accusative objects in Old English and scrambling”; William Bennett, “What is infinitival ‘to’?”; Sharon J. Lynch, “Untangling the bilingual education controversy”; A. M. de Lange, “Ideology : Text : Reader: Towards interpreting ‘committed’ texts”; Aleksandra Jasinska, “The metaphors of poetry in Yeats’ last poems”. The back matter consists of a review section (283–285) .]

Studies in Language: International journal sponsored by the foundation “Foundations of Language” , 17 : 1 ( 1993 ). Amsterdam & Philadelphia : John Benjamins , 274 p. [ This issue contains two items of interest to readers of HL: E. F. Konrad Koerner, “The problem of metalanguage in linguistic historiography” (111–134) and a review article by Alexis Manaster Ramer, “On Illić-Svityć’s Nostratic theory” (205–250) .]

, ed. 1993 . Dutch Masters and Their Era: English language studies by the Dutch, from the last century into the present. A retrospective collection of biographical texts. Compiled, with translations into English , and with an introduction and additions, […], with [the] assistance from Hansa Krijgsman . Preface by Sir Randolph Quirk . Amsterdam : Amsterdam University Press , vi, 149 pp. ; port, and ill. [ This book brings together biographical accounts on 15 Dutch scholars who have contributed to the English language studies in Netherlands, the best known of which are Pieter Roorda (1855–1930), Hendrik Poutsma (1856–1937), Willem van der Gaaf (1867–1937), Etso Kruisinga (1875–1944), Frederik Theodoor Visser (1886–1976), and Reinard Willem Zandvoort (1894–1990). The texts presented here serve to provide the reader with a broad range of biobibliographical data that will have to be considered in an eventual full study of the history of the Dutch contribution to the study of English, both synchronic and diachronic. The book is rounded off by an index of names (146–149) .]

1993 . Teaching Language, Learning Culture . Westport, Connecticut & London : Bergin & Garvey , xii, 233 pp. [ This book is concerned with how culture forms a medium for learning and teaching languages. The author provides instructive examples of language learning situations by describing multilingual events using more than twenty of the world’s languages. The book is arranged in five parts under the following headings: I, “The cultural context of language teaching”; II, “Promoting culture learning through language teaching”; III, “Language as cultural utterances”; IV, “Pedagogy of cultural utterance: Reading the newspaper with Naoko”; V, “The cultural politics of language learning”. Each section has a few chapters under it. These sections are followed by a short concluding chapter. List of references (221–228); index (229–233) .]

. 1991 . The New Historicism and Other Old Fashioned Topics . Princeton, New Jersey : Princeton Univ. Press , xvii, 254 pp. [ In this book, the author explores the new historicism and the challenges posed to it by a postmodern world that questions the very possibility of legitimate newness. New historicism distinguishes itself by its engagement with poststructuralism and the author expands upon this description by locating it within a tradition of pragmatic historiography within the United States. The book is organised into 7 chapters (3–218). The back matter contains notes to the text and an index .]

. 1993 . A Dictionary of Grammatical Terms in Linguistics . London & New York : Routledge , xiii, 335 pp. [ This is a dictionary of grammatical terms written for students and teachers of linguistics. It covers a huge number of descriptive terms in syntax and morphology, both contemporary and traditional, as well as the main theoretical concepts from the most influential contemporary approaches to the theory of grammar. It also includes the chief terminology from mathematical and computational linguistics. Apart from definitions and examples, the book also provides pronunciations, notational devices and symbols, earliest sources of terms and suggestions for further reading, as well as recommendations about competing and conflicting usages. The book has a short “Guide to pronunciation” (p.xiii); and a list of references (311–335) .]

. 1993 . The Port-Royal Grammar: Sources and Influences . Münster : Nodus Publikationen , 176 pp. [ The book attempts to serve as a sort of guide or introduction to the Grammaire générale et raisonnéé (GGR), the outstanding work of the Jansenist community of 17th-century France, usually referred to as the Port-Royal Grammar (after the long since ruined Abbey of Port Royal outside of Paris). The authors claim “to put the GGR into the proper historical context”. They try to show the important role it played, notably in France, in the turn of the study of language toward general and rational grammar. It has 11 chapters: 1, “Introduction”; 2, “The sixteenth century: The development of French”; 3, “The seventeenth century (until 1661)”; 4, “Rationalism”; 5, “The Jesuits”; 6, “Jansenism”; 7, “The Petits-Écoles”; 8, “Language study at Port-Royal”; 9, “Lancelot and Arnauld”; 10, “The grammaire générale et raisonée”; 11, “Conclusions”; Appendix I, “After Port-Royal”; Appendix II, “Discours de la méthode”. It has a bib. (169–176), but no index .]

. 1993 . Pragmatics and Classical Sanskrit: A pilot study in linguistic politeness . Amsterdam & Philadelphia : John Benjamins , xii, 454 pp. [ This monograph consists of two parts: The theoretical part reduces the general programme of this monograph to manageable proportions and introduces the two key areas, Sanskrit and Politeness. It roughly sketches the larger theoretical framework and the cultural contours of the study, and paves the path for a correct interpretation of the data. The practical part explains the methodology and presents four empirical studies. These studies are built on two assumptions. First, that a micro-analysis will yield recognizable patterns of communicative style, and that these generalizations will improve the insight in the workings of politeness in this language and possibly in other South Asian languages. Second, the micro-analysis will allow an evaluation of existing theoretical frameworks. The book is divided into two parts: I, “Pragmatics and Classical Sanskrit” and II, “A Pilot Study in Linguistic Politeness”. Following these two parts are two appendices: I, “Voice, Mood and Finiteness Revisited” and II, “Quantitative Data”. The front matter includes the preface, transcript notation and abbreviations. The back matter includes a bib., indexes of names and of subjects .]

1993 . Case and Gender: Concept formation between morphology and syntax . (= Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics, [unnumbered] .) 21 vols. Amsterdam & Atlanta : Rodopi , xxv, 1280 pp. [ The two volumes of “Case and Gender” focus on the work of the Set-theoretical School or Kulagina School of East European mathematicians and linguists. The school, named after the paper of O.S Kulagina’s on the definition of grammatical categories, claimed to practice algebraic linguistics or analytical modelling. The volumes mainly focus on the way the School dealt with the two grammatical categories: “case” and “gender”. They contain an analysis of the principles, methods, and empirical work of this West European linguistic tradition which discuss their achievements in the field of morphosyntax, or fields, which in the concept of the School, are considered auxiliary to morphosyntax. It has a preface (v–x), conventions for use (xi–xii). The headings of the three parts of the first volume and their respective chapters are given below: Introductory chap., “The Content”; Part I, “Methodological considerations”: 1.0 “Introduction”, 1.1, “Technical connectives; 1.2, “Base Component (Initial Objects)”; 1.3, “Development Component Derivations”); 1.4, “Labels”; 1.5, “Partial and Substitutional Models”; 1.6, “Comparison and Evaluation of Models”; Part II, “String Models”: 2.0, “Introduction”; 2.1, “(Segmentation) Models of ‘words’“; 2.2, “Word-context Feature systems”; 2.3, “Contaxt-Word Feature systems”; 2.4, “Conclusions of String Models”; Part III, “Twin String Models”: 3.0, “Introduction”; 3.1, “Parts of Speech”; 3.2, “Twin String Gender Models”; 3.3, “Twin String Case Models”; 3.4, “Conclusions on Twin String Models”. The second volume contains the following materials: Part IV, “Dependency Models”: 4.0, “Introduction”; 4.1, “Models of Dependency Structure”; 4.2, “Basic Components of Dependency Models”; 4.3, “Dependency Models of Paradigm”; 4.4, Dependency Models of Part of Speech”; 4.5, “Dependency Models of ‘Case’“; 4.6, “Dependency Models of ‘Gender’“; 4.7, “Conclusions on Dependency Models”; 5, “Semantic Frame Models of ‘Case’“; 6, “The Legacy of the Set-Theoretical School”; Appendix A, “Kolmogorov’s and V.A. Uspenskij’s original case definitions” (1201–1206); Appendix B, “Towards a model for morphological oppositions” (1207–1219); Appendix C, “Formalization of Revzin’s word definition” (1220–1221); References (1222–1268); Index of Terms (1269–1278) .]

1993 . A Theory of Aspectuality: The interaction between temporal and atemporal structure . (= Cambridge Studies in Linguistics, 64 .) Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press , xvii, 393 pp. [ The aspectual properties of sentences pertain to states or processes or events. The aspectual properties of sentences allow users of natural languages to express their perspective on the temporal structures they are talking about: on boundedness, ongoing activity, uniqueness, habituality, indeterminacy and many other often subtly encoded forms of temporality. A unified formal system to account for these properties is presented, explaining many forms of aspectuality in terms of the opposition between terminativity and durativity. The way in which terminative aspect is compositionally formed by the merging of temporal information inherent in the verb and atemporal information expressed by its arguments are explained. The theory also covers a large number of different durative constructions in a uniform way, combining insights and tools from Montague Grammar and generative grammar. The book is divided into three parts, further sub-divided into 14 chapters as follows: Part I, “Issues of compositionality”: 1, “The plus-principle”; 2, “Aspectual classes and aspectual composition”; “Conclusion to part I”; Part II, “Noun phrase structure”: “Introduction to part II”; 3, “The tools of generalized quantification”; 4, “In search of SQA”; 5, “Numerals and quantiers: one level up”; 6, “Some problems of prenominal NP structure”; 7, “Determiner structure”; 8, “Some explorative issues”; “Conclusion to part II”; Part III, “Temporal structure”: 9, “Homogeneity”; 10, “Localism and additive structure”; 11, “Event semantics and aspect construal”; 12, “Aspect and perspective”; 13, “Event construal”; 14, “Testing the plus-principle”; “Conclusion to part III”. Endnotes (357–372), references (373–385), and a general index (386–393) .]

) 1993 . Arabic Grammar and Qur’ánic Exegesis in Early Islam . Leiden-New-York-Köln : E. J. Brill , xi, 228 pp. [ The author examines the origins of Arabic linguistics on the basis of the earliest Quranic commentaries. The first chapter discusses the problem of grammatical terminology as it is found in the earliest grammars of Arabic at the end of the second century of the Higra. Chapter 2 presents the texts used in the commentary. Chapters 3 and 4 attempt to analyze the commentaries. First, the general topics and exegetical methods of the commentaries are dealt with, and then, those technical and semi-technical terms that can be connected with the later terminology. Chapter 5 uses the data from the biographical literature about grammarians and readers in order to establish a link between the generation of the commentators from the 1st half of the second century and the grammarians from the second half of that century. Chapter 6 summarizes the main findings of the study. The title of the chapters are as follows: 1, “Early linguistic terminology”; 2, “Materials from early Islam on the exegesis of the Qur’án”; 3, “Exegetical topics and methods in early Islam”; 4, “Grammatical terminology in early tafsír”; 5, “Readers, commentators and grammarians”, and 6, “The origins of Arabic grammatical studies”. The bib. is divided into primary and secondary sources (207–219); a list of abbreviations (p. 217), and indexes of names (218–222), of terms (223–228), and of Qur’ánic passages (220–230) round off the study .]

. 1993 . Wilhelm von Humboldts Sprachwissenschaft: Ein kommentiertes Verzeichnis des sprachwissenschaftlichen Nachlasses . Paderborn-München-Wien-Zürich : Ferdinand Schöningh , xi, 492 pp. [ The purpose of the present book, written in German, is to provide the first complete and annotated survey of Wilhelm von Humboldt’s lifetime contribution to the field of linguistics. The first part of the book is a long introduction with six main sections: 1, “Humboldts sprachwissenschaftlicher Nachlass und die Humboldt-Rezeption” (5–20); 2, “J.E.C. Buschmann und die Überlieferung” (21–46); 3, Humboldt, Buschmann und der Nachlass des Sprachforschers Johann Severin Vater” (4749); 4, “Humboldts Nachlass: Umrisse und Einblicke” (50–78); 5, “Zum Verzeichnis” (7984), and 6, “Literaturverzeichnis” (85–92). The second part is a complete “Synopsis”, or inventory (93–104), of Humboldt’s writings, including personal correspondances, essays, articles, books and other publications, as well as relevant writings by Johann Carl Eduard Buschmann (1805–1880), and by Johann Severin Vater (1771–1826). The third and main part, “Verzeichnis der Humboldtiana” (105–398), is the actual annotated catalogue of the writings listed in part two. This is followed by two annexes, “Anhänge” (399–446), which list Humboldt’s various bibliographical sources. There is a foreword (vii–xi), an index of letters (447–453), an index of languages (454–460), an index of names (461–476), and reproductions of some of the original handwritten texts (477–492) .]

Voortgang: Jaarboek voor de Neerlandistiek . Vol. 121 , 1991 . Amsterdam : Stichting Neerlandistiek VU , 300 pp. [ Among the 14 articles featured in this issue are: J.L.M. Hulsker, “Alleen Montanus ‘snapte’ de vocalen: Aspecten ven een onderscheiding in De Spreeckonst (1635)” (215–230); G.R.W. Dibbets, “Jeremias de Decker als taalkundige” (231–240), and Jan Noordegraaf, “Van Eeden, Bolland en Lady Welby: Significa in het licht der rede” (281298). At the back of the issue there is a “Personalia” section, listing the authors and their backgrounds .]

Voortgang: Jaarboek voor de Neerlandistiek . Vol. 131 , 1992 . Amsterdam : Stichting Neerlandistiek VU , 235 pp. [ Of particualr interest in this ten-article issue are: H. Reeser, “Potgieters tuchtiging van J.J.L. ten Kate: Gids-beginselen en Gids-kritiek” (1–24); Rob van de Schoor, “De letterkundige kronieken van Wolfgang in De Nerderlandsche Spectator 1883–1906” (173–196), and Jan Noordegraaf, “Uit het verleden van een historicus. De taalkundige ambities van de jonge Huizinga” (197–216). The articles are followed by an (unpaginated) “Personalia” section with basic information on the authors .]

. 1993 . A Reconstruction of Pro-Ainu . (= Brill’s Japanese Studies Library, [unnumbered] .) Leiden-New York-Köln : E. J. Brill , xiii, 219 pp. [ This is a historical and genealogical study of Ainu language, an almost extinct language with ten or twenty native speakers, located on Hokkaidô, the northernmost island of the Japanese Archipelago. The aim of this work is to provide a reconstruction of Proto-Ainu phonology and vocabulary based on the data of modern dialects and on some old sources on the Ainu language, mostly of Russian and Japanese origin. The book consists of: “Introduction”; Part one “Reconstruction of Proto-Ainu phonology”; Part two, “Proto-Ainu vocabulary”; part three, “Origins of the Ainu language”. The front matter contains acknowledgements (xi), and abbreviations (xii–xiii); the back matter has a brief conclusion (p. 175), a bib. (176–178), a supplement of Ainu-English vocabulary (179–210), and an index (211–219) .]

. 1993 . A Paradigm Lost: The linguistic theory of Mikolaj Kruszewski . (= Studies in the History of the Language Sciences, 72 .) Amsterdam & Philadelphia : John Benjamins , xi, 200 pp. [ This book studies the linguistic theory of Mikolaj Kruszewski (1851–1887) that the author calls a ‘lost paradigm’ in the history of linguistics.The book examines the intellectual background of K(ruszewski)’s thought in the tradition of British empiricism, the relationship of K. to his teacher Jan Baudouin de Courtenay (1846–1929), K’s attitude toward the neogrammarian movement, the ambivalent reception of Kruszewski’s theory by his contemporaries, and his influence on the linguistic theory of Roman Jakobson. His major writings are discussed at length, with particular attention to the structuralist elements of his theory. The book has six chapters as follows: 1, “Introductory remarks on linguistic historiography”; 2, “Historical background for the development of Kruszewski’s thought”; 3, “Kruszewski’s linguistic writings before Očerk nauki o jazyke (1883)”; 4, “Kruszewski’s theory of language in Očerk nauki o jazyke “; 5, “Kruszewski and Baudouin de Courtenay”; 6, “Conclusion: Kruszewski’s place in the history of linguistics”. The book has a bib. (179–190), an index of names (191–194), and an index of subjects and terms (195–200) .]

. 1993 . Applied Anthropology: An introduction . Revised edition . Westport, Conn. : Bergin & Garvey , xv, 277 pp. [ In this revised edition, the author has not only updated (or even weeded out) any obsolete material from the now six-year-old first edition, but has also introduced some entirely new sections; these include discussions on the use of policy research, on needs assessment, and on social marketing (chapter 9). Chapter 2, which deals with the history of the field, has been thoroughly reworked to incorporate a number of additional bibliographical references. There are up-dated reading lists after each chapter. The back matter consists of a bib. (241–268) and a general index (269–276) .]

1993 . The Columbia Guide to Standard American English . New York : Columbia Univ. Press , xv, 482 pp. [ This book is a guide to effective writing and speaking of standard American English today. It presents a systematic, comprehensive view of spoken and written Standard American English. It tries to show how today’s language is appropriately used in five levels of Standard American speech, ranging from the most relaxed conversation to the most elevated public address, and in three levels of Standard American writing, ranging from the most informal of personal notes to the most formal of printed publications. It has a guide to pronunciation and use (ix–xv), and a bib. (476–482) .]

. 1993 . Historiografía Lingüística: Edad Media y Renacimiento . (= Colección Lingüística, 5 .) Salamanca : Ediciones Colegio de Espana , 88 pp. [ This little book contains six essays focusing on the grammarians of hispanic origin who made a significant contribution to development of Western linguistics during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance (e.g., Quintilian, St. Isidor, Foixà, Nebrija, Sanctius, and A. Bello). After a preliminary statement by the author (11–12) and a foreword by José Antonio Martinez (13–16), the essays are entitled as follows: 1, “Introductión: Bosquejo de la historia de la lingüística en Occidente desde la Antigüidad hasta el Renacimiento” (17–25); 2, “La gramática de la lengua vulgar en la Edad Media española: Las Regies de trobar del monje negro” (27–37); 3, “Las ortografías de Enrique de Villena, Antonio de Nebrija y Mateo Alemán” (39–49); 4, “Los conceptos de dialecto y sociolecto en el Renacimiento español” (51–60); 5, “Racionalismo, universales lingüísticos y autonomía de la gramática en la Edad Media y en el Renacimiento” (61–75), and 6, “Ideología, filología y lingüística en la gramática española del Renacimiento” (77–88). No index .]